1850 Counties of Missouri
| County | Description | Area in sq miles | Courts held at | Pop in 1850 |
| Adair | northern part, traversed by Chariton river | Kirkville | 2,342 | |
| Andrew | northwest part, Nodaway & Missouri rivers on west side | blank | Savannah | 8,443 |
| Atchison | northwest corner, between Missouri & Nodaway rivers | blank | blank | 1,687 |
| Audrain | northeast part, drained by fork of Salt river | 435 | Mexico | 3,506 |
| Barry | in southwest part, drained by White river | 830 | McDoanld | 3,467 |
| Bates | on western boundary, crossed by Osage river | 1,160 | Batesville | 3,099 |
| Benton | in western part, crossed by Osage river | 1,050 | Warsaw | 5,015 |
| Boone | central part, on NE side of Missouri river | 600 | Columbia | 14,979 |
| Buchanan | westerly boundary, on east side of Missouri river | 800 | Sparta | 12,975 |
| Butler | southern boundary, crossed by Big Black river | blank | Cane Creek | 1,616 |
| Caldwell | northwest part | blank | Kingston | 2,316 |
| Callaway | central part, north side of Missouri river | 760 | Fulton | 13,827 |
| Camden | central part, on south side of Osage river | blank | Erie | 2,338 |
| Cape Girardeau | southeast part, on west side of Mississippi river | 864 | Jackson | 13,912 |
| Carroll | toward the western part, on north side of Missouri river | 700 | Carrolltton | 5,441 |
| Cass | western boundary | blank | Harrisonville | 6,090 |
| Cedar | southwest part | blank | Fremont | 3,361 |
| Chariton | northern part, Missouri river on southwest side, Grand river on west | 832 | Keytesville | 7,514 |
| Clark | northeast corner, Des Moines river on NE and Mississippi river on west | 560 | Waterloo | 5,527 |
| Clay | western part, on north side of Missouri river | 432 | Liberty | 10,332 |
| Clinton | northwestern part | 425 | Plattsburgh | 3,786 |
| Cole | central part, south side of Missouri river, Osage river on Southeast | 650 | Jefferson City | 6,696 |
| Cooper | central part, outh side of Missouri river | 400 | Booneville | 12,950 |
| Crawford | southeast part, water by Maramec river | 1650 | Steelville | 6,397 |
| Dade | southwest part | 960 | Greenfield | 4,246 |
| Dallas | southwest part | blank | Buffalo | 3,648 |
| Daviess | northwest part, crossed by long branch of Grand river | 576 | Gallatin | 5,298 |
| De Kalb | northwest part | blank | Maysville | 2,076 |
| Dodge | northern boundary | blank | St John | 353 |
| Dunklin | southeastern corner, St Francis river on the west & Lake Pemisco & a part of Mississippi river on the southeast | blank | Chillitecaux | 1,229 |
| Franklin | eastern part, Missouri river on north | 850 | Newport | 11,021 |
| Gasconade | between eastern & central parts, on southern side of Missouri river, crossed by Gasconade river | 1260 | Hermann | 4,996 |
| Greene | southwest part, crossed by White river | 1000 | Springfield | 12,785 |
| Grundy | northern part, crossed by numerous branches of Grand river | not listed | Trenton | 3,006 |
| Harrison | northern boundary | blank | Bethany | 2,447 |
| Henry | western part, crossed by South Grand river | 750 | Clinton | 4,052 |
| Hickory | south western part | blank | Hermitage | 2,329 |
| Holt | western boundary, Missouri river on southwest | blank | Oregon | 3,957 |
| Howard | northern part, Missouri river on south & west | 398 | Fayette | 13,969 |
| Jackson | western boundary, Missouri river on north | 525 | Independence | 14,000 |
| Jasper | western boundary | 980 | Jasper | 4,223 |
| Jefferson | east boundary, Mississippi river on east | 500 | Hillsborough | 6,928 |
| Johnson | western part | 785 | Warrensburgh | 7,464 |
| Knox | north eastern part | blank | Edina | 2,894 |
| Laclede | south part | blank | Cave Spring | 2,498 |
| Lafayette | western part, Missouri river on north | 450 | Lexington | 13,690 |