John Maxwell Cowan, of Crawfordsville, was born in Indianapolis, December 6, 1821. His parents were John and Anna (Maxwell) Cowan, both of Scotch-Irish lineage. His father was a Virginian by birth, and at an early age migrated with the family to the State of Tennessee, locating in the Sewannee valley, where he resided for twenty years, and where a large number of descendants of the family still reside. He subsequently came to Kentucky, and thence to Charleston, in the then Territory of Indiana. When the " Prophet's war" broke out, he joined the forces commanded by Gen. William Henry Harrison, as a volunteer, and remained in service through the entire campaign, being engaged in the memorable battle of Tippecanoe. After this battle he served for two years as a dragoon scout, until the hostilities between the Wabash tribes and the whites were finally settled. Returning home to Charlestown he made preparations and removed to Indianapolis, of which city he was one of the earliest settlers. In the autumn of 1822 he finally removed to Montgomery county, settling on a tract two and a half miles southwest of Crawfordsville, on Offiel's creek, where he engaged in farming. The son was left fatherless when he was about eleven years old, and the family estate having been dissipated by the speculation of its administrator, the mother and boy were compelled to struggle with the severest adversity. He thus assumed the burdens of life while yet in childhood, and bore them unflinchingly and without complaint until the wheel of fortune returned a reward. He entered the preparatory school of Wabash College in 1836 with a determination to obtain a thorough education if nothing else should ever be secured, and after six years was graduated from the classical course with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Soon following his graduation he received an appointment as deputy clerk of Clinton county, and removed to Frankfort. There, snatching fragments of time from the toils of his office, he began the study of law, and in a few years was enabled to attend the law school connected with the University of Indiana at Bloomington, where he was placed under the instruction of Hon. David McDonald, afterward judge of the United States District Court for Indiana. Graduating at the end of one year, he returned to Frankfort and engaged in the active duties of his chosen profession. In 1845 he was married to Harriet D. Janney, a descendant of a prominent Quaker family of Virginia, whose paternal ancestors were the Porters of Pennsylvania, and whose maternal ancestors were the Ruples and Judahs of Basle, Switzerland. After their marriage Mr. Cowan formed a law partnership with Hon. James F. Suit, at Frankfort. Mr. Suit was one of the most distinguished advocates of western Indiana, and his talents being supplemented by the energy and studious habits of his partner, their business rapidly became lucrative. In 1858 Mr. Cowan was nominated for the judgeship in the eighth judicial circuit, composed of the counties of Boone, Clinton, Montgomery, Parke, Vermilion, Fountain, and Warren. His competitor was an experienced and able jurist, at the time, on the bench of the circuit, and the political complexion of the counties composing the judicial field was decidedly hostile to his being retired; notwithstanding which, Mr. Cowan's personal popularity, and reputation as a lawyer, gave him the election by a large majority. The term for which he was elected was six years, which were rounded up with the severest and most exacting mental labor. At the expiration of the term he stood so high in popular esteem that he was unanimously renominated by his party and again elected for a similar term without any real opposition from the opposite political party. Completing his labors upon the bench in 1870 he returned to the practice of law at Crawfordsville, where he had removed his family in 1864, forming a partnership with Hon. Thomas M. Patterson, late member of congress from Colorado. At the end of a prosperous connection of two years he became associated with Hon. M. D. White, and his second son, James E. Cowan, in a new legal firm, which continued for nearly three years, when he finally retired from practice and connected himself with the First National Bank of Crawfordsville, as assistant cashier, which position he still holds. As is usual with descendants of Scotch ancestry, he, with his family, are adherents of the Presbyterian church. Three sons and one daughter were born to him, all of whom are living and grown to maturity. In person Judge Cowan is tall, slenderly built, of nervous - sanguine temperament, erect carriage and figure, with an air of modest indignity's. His disposition is genial, and he delights to meet his friends, :or whom and his family he has strong affection. His long and toilsome life has produced a competence with which comfort and serenity are assured to his old age. His wife lives to enjoy with him and their children the fruits of mutual sacrifices and well earned honors.

Mrs. Francis C. Cope was born in Cumberland county,Pennsylvania, January 19, 1811. Her mother and father were members of the United Brethren church, and he was in the war of 1812. In 1817 they moved to Montgomery county, Ohio. She was married and came to this county in 1829. Her husband was S. W. Cope; he died September 9, 1869. Mr. Cope was a farmer, a Lutheran, a republican, and one of the early settlers in this county. He was a good citizen and an honest, hard working man. Both of his grandfathers were captains in the revolutionary war. Mrs. Cope is a Christian lady and very liberal and benevolent. In 1875 she contributed $1,200 for building the United Brethren church near where she lives. She has about 300 acres, and lives near the city.

Stephen A. Stilwell, deputy city treasurer, Crawfordsville, was born in Montgomery county March 22,1838, on a farm near Crawfordsville. His father, Jeremiah Stilwell, came from Kentucky and settled in this county in 1820, and assisted in laying out the city of Crawfordsville. He is still living, at an advanced age, an honored and highly respected citizen. His mother's name was Didama. He lived upon a farm until he was twenty-three years of age, and obtained such an education as might be obtained at the district school. When the call was issued asking for brave men to defend our country Mr. Stilwell enlisted in company C, 40th Ind. Vol.. Inf., November 15,1861, as a private. For three years he served his country and was then mustered out. He again enlisted and gallantly fought until the struggle closed, coming home as captain, given him as a reward for his courage, participating in Bowling Green, Perrysville, and Crab Orchard.

Ambrose Whitlock, Esq., of Crawfordsville, Montgomery county, Indiana, whose portrait appears in this work, departed this life June 26, 1873, at the advanced age of ninety-six years, having been identified with Indiana before its organization as a territory and ever since it became a state. He had been gradually wearing away for months; vet such was the tenacity of his iron constitution, hardened by habitual temperance, and exercise in the open air, that on the eve of his departure he appeared as though he might survive many days longer, even weeks and months. On the morning of his death he requested to be carried out in his chair that he might once more enjoy his favorite seat in summer under the shade of a tree on the lawn which had been planted by his own hand, and had become in size one of the monarchs of the forest. He had been seated only a few minutes when he was observed by the attendants to have closed his eyes, as if in a doze, and on approaching him they found the vital spark extinct. Maj. Whitlock was born in the then colony of Virginia, in May 1767. He entered the army of the United States in 1788 as a private soldier, and by his merits soon rose from the ranks and was commissioned an officer in one of the regiments of infantry. He assisted in the erection of Fort Washington, now the city of Cincinnati, at which time the only dwellings in that western commercial emporium were a few log cabins. In 1790 he served as a soldier in the army commanded by Gen. Harmar. in an expedition against the Indians on the Maumee, in which, as he emphatically asserted to the present writer, " Harmar was not defeated,'' as the books relate, for he with the bulk of the army, including the regulars, was not within thirty miles of the place of his reputed defeat; yet the purpose of his campaign was frustrated by the rashness of two militia regiments of mounted riflemen, who could not be restrained, and were massacred almost to a man near what is now the city of Fort Wayne. He served under Gen. Wayne in his expedition against the Indians in 1794. which resulted in their overwhelming defeat, on the Maumee, near what is now Toledo, and led to the treaty of Greenville in 1795. It was during this campaign that he assisted in the building of Fort Wayne, where he was stationed for some time. Having risen to the rank of captain he was stationed at Fort Massac, Illinois, on the lower Ohio, and at other places in the southwest, and served with that part of the army which constructed the great military road from Tennessee through the Choctaw and Cherokee countries to Louisiana. Under the administration of President Jefferson he was appointed paymaster, with the rank of major of the United States army, in the western and southwestern departments. While officiating in this capacity he carried his funds in keel-boats to the military stations on the Mississippi, Ohio and Wabash rivers, amid the dark domains of savage life, the boats being propelled by soldiers, who also acted as a guard; and on horseback over the vast prairies of Illinois, and through the forests of Indiana. In this hazardous employment hundreds of thousands of dollars passed through his hands to the soldiers without the loss or the misapplication of a cent. At the memorable interview between Gen. Harrison and Tecumseh, at Vincennes, in 1811, Maj. Whitlock was present, and his account of that affair puts a very different face upon the transaction than what has been usually delineated. After the termination of the war of 1812, somewhere about 1817, Maj. Whitlock retired from the army to civil life, and in 1822 was appointed receiver of public money in the land office, which, by the direction of the Hon. William H. Crawford, the secretary of the treasury, he located at the place which he called Crawfordsville, after the name of the distinguished secretary, who was his personal and political friend. In this office he continued discharging its duties with his wonted strict integrity until 1829, when, under pretense of some defalcation, which,* however, proved to be false, and the government shown to be largely indebted to him (a debt which has never been paid), he was removed. While he officiated as receiver a portion only of the paper currency of the country, for several years, was receivable at the land office, and sometimes those who went to enter land would be deficient a few dollars in land office money to pay for the land selected; in such instances Maj. Whitlock would give them receipts in full, and trust them for the amount of the then current money. If they offered to give their notes he refused to receive them, saying: "If you are honest you will pay me without giving your notes, and if you are dishonest you will not pay if you do give your notes." This is one of the many instances of his kindness of heart, and of his well known reputation and character as the poor man's friend. Maj. Whit- lock was, in all his relations and doings, a man of unbending integrity. He was so from an innate sense of right and justice, as he was in subsequent life from Christian principle. He never knowingly wronged any man, and he was scrupulously just and upright in his dealings with the government as in his private business transactions. "An honest man, the noblest work of God," would indeed be his appropriate and truthful epitaph. An instance of this, and at the same time of his outspoken western manner, occurred in Washington City under the administration of President Monroe. He went to the proper office in the treasury department to have his accounts audited. In the settlement he discovered an error in the accounts as kept by the clerks of some $50,000 against the United States and in his favor. He knew it to be an error, and so told the clerks, adding: " You don't know how to keep books here." The clerks felt themselves insulted and ordered him out of the office. " Yes," said he, " I will go and bring your master to look into the matter." He went to the secretary of the treasury, his friend Mr. Crawford, who accompanied him to the auditing office, and upon examination found the major was right and the clerks utterly wrong, and that there was in truth $50,000 due the government, which the upright soldier, honest even to sternness in his demeanor, instantly paid, and his accounts were closed. This act carries with it its own comment. Maj. Whitlock was a sincere, unostentatious Christian, and exemplified his faith by a consistent life and conversation. He was a liberal contributor to the parish of St. John's church, Crawfordsville, of which for many years he was the senior church warden, donating the commodious lot on which the church stands, and gave, it is believed, the larger part of the money expended in its erection and subsequent renovation. He was a devout attendant on the services of the church as long as his failing strength and increasing infirmities would allow. He died in full communion, departing in "'a reasonable, religious and holy hope of resurrection unto eternal life," through the atoning merits of the Saviour, in whom he put all his trust and confidence, and whom for many long years he had endeavored to serve " with a pure heart, fervently," striving in all things to maintain "a conscience void of offense toward God and toward man."

William W. Galey (deceased) was born August 31, 1803, in Shelby county, Kentucky, and received but a limited education. He learned the tailoring trade, and in 1823 came to Montgomery county and settled near Waveland, keeping a tailor shop until 1824, then moved to Crawfordsville and carried on his trade. In 1853 he engaged in farming the land, a part of which is now Oak Hill cemetery. In 1865 Mr. Galey retired from active labor and lived in Crawfordsville until death, which occurred in 1872. He was an early whig and later a stalwart republican, but never sought office. He was an intimate friend of Got. Lane, and at the time when the latter ran for congress Mr. Galey aided materially in canvassing the district in his favor and republicanism. He sent two sons to the civil war, was a member of the Presbyterian church, a man of strict integrity and who stood high in his community. He was married to Lucy Wilhite, sister to the Wilhite brothers, of Crawfordsville. His family was always large, made so by the number of poor people he continually aided and children he raised. His sons, Beal V. and Milton H., are now successful dentists in Crawfordsville. Beal V. Galey, son of W. W. and Lucy (Wilhite) Galey, was born December 14, 1833, in a log house that stood on the spot now known as the Hartman corner, in Crawfordsville. Milton H., William L., and sister (Mrs. George D. Hurley), were born on the same spot. Mr. Galey attended the county seminary, and also a short time at Wabash College. In 1852 he began the study of dentistry in the office of Dr. J. F. Canine, with whom he studied three years, becoming associated for a short time with the doctor. In 1867, in conjunction with his brother, Milton H., he opened an office, and by close attention to business and good work he has become established. Mr. Galey was married in 1861, to Elizabeth Lee, daughter of Judge Henry Lee, and cousin to Col. Lee, of Crawfordsville. They have three children, Mabel, Virgil, and Maud. Mr. and Mrs. Galey are members of the Methodist church. He is solidly republican. Milton H. Galey was born September 14,1837. His education was gained partly at Wabash College, but mostly in the county seminary. On the evening of the Sunday on which Fort Sumter was fired the name of Milton H. Galey was enrolled as a volunteer to aid in suppressing the rebellion. On Monday, the next day, he started for Indianapolis, where he was mustered in. He was first sent to Cumberland, Maryland, where he staid some time, then went to Harper's Ferry, and from there he came borne. He was afterward stationed at Louisville, where he studied dentistry with Drs. McClelland and Canine. Then returning he went to Watseka, Illinois, where he practiced dentistry for two years. In 1867 he became associated with his brother, B. V., and the Galey Brothers have become a well known firm in the dental work. He was married December 29, 1870, to Frances S. McClintock, daughter of James and Elizabeth McClintock. She was born May 17, 1840, in county, Ohio. Her father was born in 1798, and mother in 1805, both in Virginia. They were members of the Methodist church, and he was a merchant, also was sheriff for a time. Mr. and Mrs. Galey have one child, Scott. Both are Methodists, and he is a member of the fraternity of Knights of Pythias and was at one time an Odd-Fellow.

William Mount, retired, Crawfordsville, was born in Kentucky, March 12, 1798, and settled in Montgomery county in 1823. Then the country was almost an unbroken, wild, woody wilderness. According to his recollection there were but two houses in Crawfordsville when he came here. He has always been a farmer. He moved to his present residence, in the eastern suburbs of the city, in 1849, since which time he has farmed but little. He was married, the first time in 1826, and the second time, in 1878, to Mrs. S. C. Cooper. She is a member of the First Presbyterian church. Mr. Mount cast his first vote for Andrew Jackson. He votes with the democrats for president and is independent in county politics.

Thomas J. Beard, farmer, Crawfordsville, was born in Wayne county, Indiana, February 19,1822. He attended Wabash College three years, and in his youth worked in a store. When young he worked some in the state engineering service, and helped run the first railroad to La Fayette. Since his majority he has farmed most of the time. He enlisted, in 1862, in Co. K, 86th Ind. Vols., for three years, and served about one year, being discharged on account of disability. After the war he served three years in Washington on the Capitol police force. He was also a printer^ for some six years, working for awhile on the old " State Journal" at Indianapolis. He is a Mason, a member of the Methodist church, and a republican. His last and third marriage was in July 1855, to Miss Susan Tiffany. She is a member of the Methodist church. They have two children: George F. and Mary, the latter graduating at the public high school of this city. Mr. Beard's father, John Beard, was born January 4, 1795, and settled in Wayne county in an early day, and in 1823 moved to Montgomery county, near Crawfordsville, where he lived till his death, September 29, 1874. John Beard lived a very active and useful life. He was justice of the peace for a number of years, and was appointed receiver of public moneys at the land office at Crawfordsville, by Gen. Harrison, and held the office until Van Buren became president. He was a member of both houses of the state legislature for about twenty-five years, distinguishing himself as a legislator. In fact he is the father of our glorious public school system in Indiana. Many other bills for the public good received his earnest and efficient support. He was a .member of the State Blind Asylum for about six years, holding that position when he died. He was married to Maria Borroughs in 1816. His widow still survives him, at the advanced age of eighty-three. John Beard was a member of the convention that organized the republican party.

Maxwell McCullough, farmer, Crawfordsville, was born in Jefferson county, Indiana, April 6, 1818, and is the son of James B. and Margaret McCullough. His father was born in North Carolina, his mother in Kentucky. His father was in the war of 1812, a member of the Christian church, and first a republican and then a whig. He was a lover of education, determined, very charitable and benevolent. When the subject of not using whiskey in the fields by the hands when at work was first agitated, James B. McCullough was the first to set the example, and the other neighbors followed his wise course. When he settled in this county, in the fall of 1823, it was wild, and inhabited by Indians, wolves, panthers, wild-cats and deer. The subject of this sketch spent his boyhood in the midst of this primitive wilderness. He had a good common school education, and lived at home until he was twenty-eight years old, and then began farming for himself, in limited circumstances. He now has 240 acres of good land, on which he has a nice home, three miles east of Crawfordsville, on the Nobles- ville gravel-road. He has also 240 acres in Benton county. Mr. McCullough was married in September 1846, to Miss Jenetta E. Sidener. She died in 1856, and was a member of the Christian church. By this marriage they had four children, three of whom are living: Martha E., married to C. E. Gay, and lives in Benton county; William J., is a teacher and farmer, and lives in Benton county ; Alvan R., is a teacher; James M., deceased. Mr. McCullough was married the second time, in 1857, to Margaret Campbell. Their children are: Elizabeth A., married to Thomas A. Sheriden; Samuel M., John C. and Henry A. Mrs. McCullough and three of the children are members of the United Brethren church. Mr. McCullough was a whig till the birth of the republican party, then became one of its followers; belongs to the detective association, and with several of his sons belongs to the Good Templars, and hates whiskey and tobacco. Mr. McCullough has traveled considerable in the United States, has been a hard working man, has extensive information, is a great reader, a member of the Christian church, and an honored and respected citizen.

John J. Elmore, fanner, Crawfordsville, was born in Dearborn county, Kentucky, September 18, 1818. About 1823 he came with his parents to Montgomery county, with an ox-team hitched to a two- wheeled cart, and also with a wagon and a team of horses. They settled in the forest, cleared off the land, erected a log cabin, and endured all the trials and hardships incident to pioneer life. They first traded and went to mill in Terre Haute. His father and mother were both Baptists. His father was an old-line whig, and afterward republican, and died in 1865. Mr. Elmore began farming for himself at the age of twenty-two. He now has a nice home just east of Crawfordsville- He was married the first time, in 1840, to Ann Huffman. She died in 1878, and was a member of the Methodist church. He was married the second time, March 24, 1880, to Mattie McClaskey, daughter of James and Nancy McClaskey. Her parents were members of the Methodist church, came from Kentucky, and settled in this county in 1830. Mr. Elmore is a republican, and was formerly a whig, voting first for Gen. Harrison, in 1840. Mr. and Mrs. Elmore are both members of the Methodist church.

E. A. Wilhite, tailor, Crawfordsville, who has spent nearly all his years in Montgomery county, was born January 1, 1820, in Jefferson county, Kentucky. He is a son of Simeon and Mary (Funk) Wilhite, who came to Crawfordsville in 1824, and shortly after settled south of the then " log city " of a few houses, where, in 1829, Simeon departed this life, and was followed by his wife in 1833. E. A. Wilhite received the training and schooling of a pioneer's boy, and can well remember the log school-house with its slab seats and window of greased paper for light, the absence of desks, and especially the primitive " master." At the age of ten years he began to use the needle, and has followed tailoring ever since, being now one of the most thoroughly experienced workmen in the city. For over thirty years he has worked in his present shop. By economy and industry and fair dealing he has accumulated a little fortune of $15,000 or $20,000. Mr. Wilhite has a peculiar passion for music, having been connected with the Crawfordsville band ever since 1840, and still loves the recreation. In 1840 he played at the Tippecanoe battle-ground celebration, and again in 1876. Mr. Wilhite was a whig during the time of that party, and with the advent of republicanism he adopted its principles. He has been twice married; first to Ada J. Blankenship, of Crawfordsville, who died leaving one son, James Q. W., to survive her; and second, to Dr. Mary H. Holloway, of the same city. The fruits of the last marriage have been seven children : three deceased, Edgar, Ella N. and Fred ; and four living, Edwin L., Mary E., Stanton L. and Bertha J. Mrs. Wilhite is a daughter of Washington and Elizabeth (King) Holloway, the former of whom is now living in Crawfordsville at the age of eighty years. Mrs. Wilhite attended school sufficient to fit herself for teaching, which she followed four years. In 1854 she entered Penn Medical University, from which she graduated in 1856. She was educated here at the expense of J. Edgar Thomson, one of the members of the original board of incorporation o# that college, and a wealthy gentleman of Philadelphia. Mrs. Wilhite was the first lady from Indiana to graduate in a medical school. Leaving her Alma Mater June 2, she nailed her sign where it is still to be seen, on the 22nd of that same month, 1856. She emphatically asserts she has solved the problem that a woman can be a " wife, mother, and physician." During her practice she has given instruction to two students: Mrs. Wood, who afterward graduated at Penn. Medical University, and was then engaged as lady physician in foreign lands by the Home and Foreign Mission, and Mrs. Wilson, who now holds three diplomas and is doing an extensive practice in Terre Haute, Indiana. Mrs. Wilhite is also an ardent supporter in woman's rights, and fully expects to see the day when woman may vote for those who make laws to govern her, and when doctors will counsel one another without distinction in regard to sex.

David H. Remley, farmer, Crawfordsville, Indiana, was born December 21, 1844, on the farm upon which he now lives. His father, John Remley, was born May 21,1800. At the age of twelve his father died, and at the age of fifteen he was apprenticed to Richard Skinner, of Lebanon, Ohio, to learn the tanner's trade. Here he remained five years, at the expiration of which time he worked by the month until the spring of 1824, when lie walked from Ohio to Indiana, and purchased eighty acres of land of Mr. Stitt, west. of Crawfordsville, and after planting three acres of corn returned to Ohio on foot. The family have in their possession a cane Mr. Remley used in walking to this county, with the date of his walk upon it. After his return to Ohio he worked about a month, and was married March 3, 1825, to Sarah McCain, near Lebanon, Ohio. Her father, James McCain, was a native of New Jersey, but finally moved to Ohio, and died there in 1824. Her mother, Ann (Dill) McCain, was a native of Kentucky, and died in 1845. They became the parents of eleven children, seven of whom are living. Elizabeth A. is living with her mother on the home farm, and was born November 23, 1826, and has been a consistent member of the Presbyterian church for thirty years. Mr. Remley joined the Presbyterian church in February, 1841, and was one of its elders for more than twenty years. Mrs. Remley has also been a member since 1841. He was a whig, and at the founding of the republican party joined that organization. Mrs. Remley, accompanied by her uncle, William McCain, and two cousins, came to Indiana. There were but two horses in the company, and these were rode by Mrs. Remley and her uncle, the journey taking eight days. Mr. Remley loaded his goods upon a flat-boat at Hamilton. Ohio, on the Miami river, and shipped them to Terre Haute. He then walked to this city, engaged a team of oxen, hauled them to the present homestead, and arranged them in a 10x12 log cabin with the door swinging out, previously erected by Mr. Stitt near the south line of the farm. Mr. Remley being a tanner by trade, located upon this tract of land on account of the springs. He soon built a cabin and established a tan-yard, where he continued to do a splendid business until 1858. Three or four years after settling on his place Mr. Remley erected a hewed-log cabin, but just as it was completed it caught tire and burned to the ground. Ho soon commenced the building of two rooms of the present brick house, which the family occupied as soon as finished. In 1840 he made some additions, as he did also in 1855, and here resided until his death, January 2, 1879, at which time he owned over 2,000 acres of land. Having commenced life as a poor boy, he gained his fortune through economy and industry. His was an honest, active, and Christian life, and when death separated him from this world he left to mourn his departure a family who loved him dearly, and numerous friends and neighbors who ever held him in the highest esteem. David H. attended the district school until his twentieth year, and lived with his parents until his marriage, March 10, 1870, to Elizabeth A. Busenbark. They have one child, James Edgar, born September 29, 1871. Mr. Remley is now farming the old homestead. He and his wife have been members of the Presbyterian church since February 24, 1878. He is now one of the deacons of that society, and a staunch republican, casting his first presidential vote for Gen. Grant.

James E. Dunn, farmer and stock raiser, Crawfordsville, was born May 7, 1817, in Madison county, Kentucky, on a farm ten miles south of Richmond. His father, Nathaniel A., was born near Danville, Kentucky, February 27, 1790. At the age of seventeen he learned the tanner's trade with Alexander Logan, in Lexington, Kentucky, where he remained four years. He then volunteered as a ranger in the war of 1812, under his brother, Capt. Williamson Dunn. After his return he married, September 6,1814, Sophia W. Irvine, who was born January 25, 1794, in Madison county. Her father, Benjamin Irvine, was a native of Virginia, and emigrated to Kentucky in 1800. They were the parents of nine children, seven of whom are living. He was a member of the First Presbyterian church of Crawfordsville, and at the time of his death was one of its elders. His wife was also a member of the same denomination. He was formerly a whig, but joined the republican party at its birth. After his marriage he settled upon a farm, and in connection with it run a tan-yard for eight years, and October 17, 1825, readied Montgomery county, intending to effect a permanent settlement, having visited this section of country three times before. He located on what is now known as the west end of Main street, where he purchased twenty-seven acres and soon erected a tan-yard, being among the first in the county. Here he lived until bis death, July 22, 1875. His wife died June 25, 1870. James E. lived with his parents until his twenty-first year, when he began life for himself as clerk for Beasley & Odell, at which place he remained for years. He was then engaged in various enterprises for some years. In the fall of 1844 he was employed by Newton Darlington to assist in his dry-goods store for over two years. His next step was that of a civil engineer, in which capacity he assisted in surveying the La Fayette and Indianapolis railroad. At the completion of this work he was engaged as a clerk in La Fayette about six months, when he returned to Crawfordsville, and was again employed on the engineer corps of the Crawfordsville & La Fayette railroad. November 22,1849, he was married to Matilda Bur Bridge, daughter of Judge William Bur Bridge, who emigrated from Kentucky to Montgomery county in 1823. They are the parents of six children : Emma E., who is married to Charles Gerrard ; William A., at present in California; Samuel L., Fannie M., Walter G. and George G. After his marriage he was engaged as clerk two years in Sperry's mill, and after another year in the city commenced farming one and a half miles south of Crawfordsville. He moved upon his farm in 1855, and in the fall of 1858 sold it and returned to the city, where he busied himself clerking in a hardware store for about two years, and for Campbell & Harter one year. In 1863 he moved to Thorntown, where he clerked in the hardware store of R. M. Lafollette one and a half years, at the expiration of which time he moved to Crawfordsville, and there kept house until the death of his father. November 15, 1877, he moved to his present home of eighty-three acres, a fine farm and well improved, with a two-story frame dwelling 30x34 and an 24x42. He was a participant in the chase after Morgan in 1863, and is a firm believer in the doctrine as advocated and sustained by the republican party, casting his first presidential vote for Gen. Harrison in 1840.

William McLaughlin, farmer, Whitesville, was born April 6, 1829, on Sec. 22, and in the following June moved with his parents upon the farm he now resides on and owns. His father, James McLaughlin, was born March 11, 1798, and is a native of Pennsylvania. He had, however, when a boy, emigrated with his parents to Hamilton county, Ohio, and settled upon a farm. Here he was constantly and busily engaged until be commenced learning the trade of a blacksmith, which, owing to poor health, he followed only a short time, when he began work as a farm hand, to which his entire attention was turned until his emigration to the Hoosier State in 1826. Mr. McLaughlin had previously visited Montgomery county and "spied out the land," on foot. He returned to Ohio and soon made a permanent location, first entering the eighty acres now owned by David H. Davidson and occupied by Tillman Howard. After corning to this county he was employed by William Bur Bridge for some months, and also by Thomas Lamson. He, however, entered land in the S.£ Sec. 23, upon which his son William now lives. This tract of land he cleared, and in 1829 built the 19x21 house still standing and occupied, and in 1843 erected the second, where he died June 13, 1878, and was buried at Finley chapel, a universally respected and esteemed citizen. June 19, 1828, he was marred in Union township to Jane Brenton, daughter of Samuel and Margaret Brenton. She died September 9, 1848, and was buried at the same place as her husband. They were the parents of but one child, William, who has during the whole of his life lived upon the homestead, working in partnership with his father until his death, at which time he obtained complete control of the property. He now is in possession of a farm of 280 acres of well improved and good tillable land. Mr. McLaughlin received such an education at the district school as a diligent student might acquire in those pioneer days. This has been supplemented by extensive reading, both in history, biography and general reading matter. He is a democrat, casting his first presidential vote for Franklin Pierce in 1852.

Henry Liter, farmer and stock raiser, Crawfordsville, was born in Bourbon county, Kentucky, on a farm near Paris, March 19, 1805. His father, Henry Liter, was born on a farm in Pennsylvania, and emigrated to Kentucky in the early days and located in Bourbon county, where he purchased a farm of sixty acres, which, to his great surprise, was claimed by a person holding an earlier title, and such were the conditions that he was compelled to buy the property a second time in order to retain it. Here he lived until his death in January 1864. In Bourbon county he was married to Katie Boyers, and became the father of five children, only one of whom is living: Nancy, Mary, Catherine, Joseph, and Henry. After the death of his first wife Mr. Liter married Mary Ament, of Bourbon county, and became the father of seven other children, six of whom are living: Mathias, Ament, Adam, Elizabeth, Eliza, Lucinda, and Matilda. He was a Presbyterian and a strong whig, being an ardent supporter of Kentucky's great orator, Henry Clay. His son, Henry, remained at home until past twenty-one, and April 19, 1826, he was married to Celina Sidener, in Fayette county, Kentucky, daughter of Jacob and Mary Sidener. She died August 15, 1829, leaving two children, Kittie Ann, who died in Iowa, and Celina, who was married to Joseph S. Swindler. After his marriage he cropped one season with his father, after which time he removed to Fayette county, where he was engaged in farming four years. After the death of his first wife, in 1832, he came to this county with his uncle and married Mary Ruffner, daughter of Henry and Elizabeth (Sidener) Ruffner, who was born May 1,1809, in Bourbon county, Kentucky. They are the parents of nine children: Martha J., Norris, Martin Henry, Elizabeth Noggle, Mathias A., Harriet Weykle, Rosanna Watson, William, Mary Brown, and Joseph. The latter two are dead. Martin H. was in the late war and was a good soldier. October 5,1834, Mr. Liter arrived at his father-in-law's house in this county, and October 6, upon eighty acres of his present farm of 404 acres, well improved, in a 14x16 cabin, that was situated just east of the corner of his present dwelling. Here he lived, after making some additions, four years, when it caught fire and burned to the ground, destroying all the furniture and burning Mr. Liter's feet in an awful manner. In nine days, however, by the assistance of kind neighbors, they were living in an 18x23 story-and-a-half frame house, only partly completed, and here lived until the summer of 1855, when he moved into his 20 48 with an L 28x32, including porch, brick house which at the time of its completion was said to be the best finished two-story residence in the country. He is a member of the Christian church, as is also his wife. He assisted in laying the sills under the Crawfordsville church, and contributed largely to its support. He is a firm believer in the doctrines of the republican party and cast his first presidential vote for the silver-tongued Clay.

Thomas J. Hole, superintendent of Poor farm, Crawfordsville. This large-hearted social gentleman is the eldest of eleven children, and was born on a farm in Montgomery county, Ohio, April 14, 1839. Hie father, John Hole, was a native of Montgomery county, Ohio, where he died August 1871. At the age of eighteen he learned the cooper's trade, near Woodburn, of Elisha Hopkins, following the same for six or seven years, then began farming and engaged in running a saw-mill situated upon his place, until his decease. His education was of a limited character. He married Eliza J. Benson, in Delaware county, Indiana. She is still living on the home farm surrounded by three of her children. She is a member of the Baptist church, as was also her husband, who was formerly a whig, finally associating himself with the republicans when they championed the negro's cause. Thomas J. lived with his parents until he reached his twenty-third year, when he tried the fortunes of the world for himself. March 27,1862, he was married to Elizabeth Lightcap, in Dayton, Ohio, by the Rev. David Winters, and they are now the parents of seven children, six of whom are living i Cynthia J., John Henry, Eliza Ann, Charles D., William F., Walter, and Ida. Soloman Lightcap died near Miamisburg, Ohio, in the fall of 1862. His wife, Catharine (Smith) Lightcap, is still living near Germantown, a member of the German Reform church. After his marriage Thomas J. engaged in farming in Montgomery county, Ohio, and after three years of fair success moved to Montgomery county, Indiana, and settled upon John Townsley's place as a renter. At the expiration of one year's time he purchased twenty acres and moved upon it and here remained, farming this and other rented property until in March, 1874, when he was appointed by the commissioners as superintendent of the Poor farm, and as such officer has filled the position with honor to himself and credit to the county. They now have on hand, through his careful and economical management, 1,000 bushels of wheat, 125 head of hogs, 300 bushels of potatoes, 10 tons of hay, and 1,800 bushels of corn. He is a member of the Missionary Baptist church, as is also his wife. April, 1864, he enlisted at Columbus, Ohio, for 100 days, as a member of Co. I, 131st Ohio Vol. Inf., and was mustered out at the same place August 27, 1864. He is a republican, casting his first presidential vote for the heroic and martyred Lincoln. James Lee & Brother, grocers, Crawfordsville, began business in 1863 in the building now occupied by Peter Somerville. In 1864 they built the store-room No. 3, 20x80, in which they carried on the grocery trade till 1878, when they erected their present building, 22x65. Beginning, they carried but a light stock, but now transact a business of about $25,000 per year. For some time they engaged in the wholesale trade, but the years of the panic compelled them to diminish their stock on account of the failures among their debtors. Their father, in an early day, went from Kentucky to Ohio and married, then in 1822 moved to Montgomery county, bringing his wife and two children. The family settled about two and a half miles northeast of Crawfordsville, on 360 acres of land. Mr. Lee became very popular in the democratic party. He was associate judge for seven years, being on the bench at the same time as Judges Stitt and Naylor, and also represented the county in the legislature. He was a man with but little " book-learning," yet practical and successful in his business. He was a member of the Regular Baptist church, and was the chief among the organizers of the first church in Montgomery county. He died in 1855, at the age of sixty-five. His wife, Priscilla (Long) Lee, was a native of Butler county, Ohio. They had eight children, six of whom are living. James, the senior partner, was born August 8, 1825, on the old Lee farm in Montgomery county, experiencing a farmer's life till 1853, when he went to California and engaged in mining and lumbering, also was awhile in the hotel business. Returning in 1860, he began business in Crawfordsville, and during 1861 and 1862 traded in horses, since which time he has been with his brother in their present trade. He is strictly democratic, and served six years as county commissioner, during which time the court-house, costing $35,000, was built, and all the streams bridged with iron bridges. He has been twice married : first to Martha Hutton, in 1847, of Virginia, who died in 1848; and second to Mary A. Bunch, of Kentucky. They have two children. Mrs. Lee is a member of the Missionary Baptist church. Mr. Lee is said to be the oldest living white inhabitant born in Montgomery county. David Lee, the other member of the firm, was born April 13, 1833, on the home farm, and raised a farmer. He was married in 1860, to Mahala Courtney, daughter of Mrs. Rebecca Jones, of Crawfordsville. They have six children. Mr. Lee is also a democrat, but quiet in the political arena.

Marshall H. Seller, farmer, Crawfordsville, a respectable and good- natured gentleman, was born October 26, 1826. He has been raised in the Presbyterian faith, and in politics is an ardent republican. His father, James Seller, was born in Harrison county, Kentucky, January 31, 1795. He lived near Dayton, Ohio, awhile, and settled in Montgomery county, Indiana, in October 1823. The country was then new and undeveloped. He first bought 240 acres of land, and when he died (1875) owned 480 acres. Mr. Seller was one of the active men who built up this country and made the civilization which we now enjoy. He came from Kentucky in a wagon and was seventeen days on the road. They traveled about ten miles a day, and endured the hardships of emigrating to a new country through forests and swamps without roads. Mr. Seller was county commissioner at an early day. The first time he ran for the state legislature he was defeated, but the next time was elected and served one term as representative of this county. He took an active interest in all measures for the good of the people, and was an intelligent and efficient representative. Mr. Seller was a captain in the Black Hawk war, a whig in politics, and an elder in the Presbyterian church. He was married in 1820, to Mary D. Johnston, who was a member of the Presbyterian church, and was born in the year 1800. She has had six children, and they are all living: John M., William A., Thomas P., Marshall H., Eliphalet D. and Elizabeth J. Mrs. Seller and her son live together on the old homestead.

Meredith Rountree, retired, Crawfordsville, was born May 13,1814, in Orange county, North Carolina. His parents, Charles and Sarah (Hayes) Rountree, were born, raised and married in Armaugh county, Ireland. They came to America in 1806, landing at New Castle, Delaware, and thence went direct to North Carolina. There they farmed seventeen years, then six years in Butler county, Ohio, and in 1827 came to Montgomery county and settled in Ripley township, where the elder Rountree entered 160 acres of land in the N.W. J Sec. 24. Here the pioneers built the log lint, cleared the farm, and tilled the land, with but few to molest them. He was a stalwart republican and taught his boys the same grand principles for which he voted. Prior to republicanism he had been a whig. Both he and wife were members of the Methodist church. He died at the age of eighty-four years, and his wife followed him in two years afterward at the age of eighty-six years. Both were interred in the Alamo cemetery. The son, Meredith Rountree, learned well the* significance of the word toil, and but little of the word school. He aided his father until his majority, when his father gave him 200 acres of land. With this start Mr. Rountree began for himself. By perseverance, industry and care he added to his possessions until in 1865 he was able to retire from hard labor owning 640 acres, 500 of which were under cultivation. Since retiring he has disposed of his farm until he now has but 240 acres. Mr. Rountree was married September 6, 1840, to Melinda Mann, of Mercer county, Illinois. They had four children : Rhoda A., Henry Clay, Sarah E. and Daniel Webster. All are deceased except the last named. Mrs. Rountree died March 27, 1871. Mr. Rountree was next married to Mrs. Mary A. McClellan, of Crawfordsville, January 1, 1872. His eldest son, Henry C., served his time in the civil war, and died at Jeffersonville, Indiana, on his way home. His youngest son is now a member of the firm of Myers & Rountree, in the dry-goods business in Crawfordsville. Mr. Rountree owns considerable property in the city.

George W. Conrad, farmer, Darlington, was born in Preble county, Ohio, August 14, 1827, and is the son of James and Mahala Conrad. James Conrad, with his family, settled on Sugar creek, in Union township, in 1827. He came with six other families from Ohio. They were fourteen days on the road, and had to cut their own way through the woods part of the time, the country being then nearly all wild. The subject of this sketch began farming for himself when twenty-four years old, in limited circumstances. He now has 214 acres eight miles northeast of Crawfordsville, raising Block and grain. He was married in 1852, and has six children living: Sarah E., Emma J., Joanna, James Wallace, Emory E. and John Clinton. Mr. Conrad is a republican, strong and true, a successful farmer and a good citizen.

S. H. Gregg & Son, dealers in hardware and implements, Crawfordsville. The senior member of the firm, Samuel H. Gregg, was born in Montgomery county, June 11, 1827, and lived on the farm until he was twenty-four years old. He then entered as a partner in the first hardware store in Crawfordsville, and has ever since continued in that business. He is a member of the Methodist church, and was married, the first time, in 1847, to Sarah L. Christman, who died in 1861. He was married the second time in 1871, to Sarah J. Munns. She is also a member of the Methodist church. The junior member of the firm, Orpheus M. Gregg, was born October 7, 1848. He has always lived in this county, with the exception of about one year spent in California. He graduated with the class of 1870 in the classical course of Wabash College. He was married in 1872 to Julia Mills, daughter of Prof. C. Mills. They have two children, both boys. Mr. and Mrs. 0. M. Gregg are both members of the Center Presbyterian church. Mr. Gregg is treasurer of the city school board, and in politics is a republican. " Gregg and Son " are honorable gentlemen, have a large store, a large corps of clerks, and are doing an extensive business.

John Breaks, farmer and stock feeder, Crawfordsville. His father emigrated from England in 1817. He came to Wayne county, Indiana. Here he married Jane Beard, and in 1823 brought his family to this county. He attended the first land sales at Crawfordsville, where lie purchased three "eighties." These are now owned by Alvin, Harrison and Richard Breaks. His wife died February 16, 1835, aged thirty-two. He lived to be eighty years old, and died in 1870. Our subject was born in this township December 14, 1832. He was raised a cultivator of the soil, and has devoted all his life to that vocation. November 21, 1854, he married Caroline Groenendyke, who was born June 20, 1836. Her parents, Peter and Hannah (Beard) came from Wayne county, this state, to Union township, in 1827. Her mother was from North Carolina. Her father was a native of New York, and died in 1854, aged fifty-four years. Mr. and Mrs. Breaks have had ten children born to them : John B., October 29, 1855; Sarah Ann, December 8, 1857, died June 16, 1867; James Richard, March 13, 1860; Amos Gilbert, April 20,1862; Ida May, March 27, 1864; William Thomas, August 28, 1866, died March 25, 1867; Mary Beard, January 16, 1868, died August 24, 1869; Albert Lewis, September 14, 1869, died February 24, 1871; Edith Caroline, December 19, 1871, and Luther Zwingle, March 5, 1879. James is a senior in the classical course at Wabash College. John is a jeweler, in business in Crawfordsville. The parents have been professors of religion thirty years. Mr. Breaks owns a valuable farm of 804 acres, lying in Union township, mostly improved, and valued at $40,000. He is a staunch repubican, and gave his first vote for president for John C. Fremont, in 1856.

Edwin Quick, farmer, Crawfordsville, is of German descent on the paternal side. His great-grandfather first settled in Westchester county, New York. Leaving a son and a daughter there, he moved to the Mohawk and raised another family of children, among whom was Thomas Quick, a famous hunter. The Indians murdered a near relation of his, and he dedicated himself to the work of vengeance. In the contest between the red and the white men he pursued the work of killing Indians with remorseless energy. His exploits sound like legendary tales, or the creations of weird romance. It is related that on one occasion, while splitting a log, a party of seven Indians looking for him with the purpose of taking his life, came suddenly upon him and demanded to have him pointed out to them. He agreed to accede to their request when he should have the log rived, and asked them to assist him. Ranging themselves on either side and taking hold with their hands, at the right juncture of the stratagem he instantly knocked out the wedge and brained every one of them with a club. The subject of this sketch was born in Westchester county, New York, August 28, 1805. In 1816 his parents, Elijah and Sally (Reynolds) Quick, came down from the headwaters of the Alleghany on a flat-boat, and settled near Cleavetown, just above Lawrenceburg, on the Big Miami. This was in the neighborhood of Gen, Harrison's home, and during the residence of the family there he worked more or less for Judge Short, the general's son-in-law; and an older sister, living at the present time in Terre Haute, was employed in the general's own family. In 1824 Mr. Quick came to Montgomery county with James Bryant, who had been here and entered land and was now moving his family. They arrived on the 19th of October. After Bryant's house was up Mr. Quick, in company with James Turner, a man thoroughly acquainted with woodcraft, went through the dense woods and trackless country on foot to Terre Haute; and after visiting there awhile with his brother Richard, returned and hired to Bryant for one year for $65—$15 to be taken in "store pay" and the rest in " land office money"—gold, silver, and United States scrip. After the corn was "made" that season he went back to Ohio and brought out Bryant's father and his family. Next year he took a job of cutting^ rolling, and burning the logs and brush on five acres of Bryant's land for all the corn he could raise on the cleared ground. He was considerably stimulated by the thought that he was " working for himself," but the outcome was not satisfactory in adding to his gains. But he managed about this time to enter eighty acres of land, and then went to work for Major William Crooks, who owned a saw and grist mill where Snyder's mill stands, at Yountsville, receiving, the first year, one-fourth of the net profits of the business and his board. The second year he got one-half, and operated the mills alone. This was not exactly a signal financial success. About 1828 his father moved with his family to this place. He now gave his attention to clearing his land and making a home. Taking a supply of Johnny-cake and a frying- pan with him he would go from his father's house on Monday morning and spend the whole week in the woods chopping down timber, without seeing a man, and subsisting on corn-bread and wild meat. In 1830 he went to New York with a power of attorney from his father to collect several hundred dollars due him. He traveled a large part of the distance on horseback and the remainder by boat. Immediately on his return, the same year, he was married to Abigal Ball, by whom he had seven children : Nathaniel, Stebbens, Martha Ann, now Mrs. William Teeter of White county; Sarah Ellen, wife of Henry Wild- man, living near Bement, Illinois; Huldah, who was married to John Utterback, and died leaving three children; Margaret Jane, who married Omar Mason, became the mother of six children and died; and Albert J. Mrs. Quick died September 30, 1846, and Mr. Quick took for his second wife, in the March following, Mary W. Groenendyke. She bore him three children: Alice C., now Mrs. George Widener; Hannah A., wife of Samuel Bratton, of Iowa, and Amos B. This wife died September 15, 1853. Mr. Quick celebrated his third marriage with Elizabeth B. Bennett, January 15, 1856. He came to this county a poor, ragged boy; to-day he owns 400 acres of land lying in a body where he lives, less five acres he has donated to the new Christian church called Liberty chapel. He has also 200 acres in Coal Creek township, and 320 in Iowa. Fifty years ago Mr. Quick joined the Missionary Baptists; the society becoming divided,. he united with the Free Will Baptists, who in time drifted into the Christian denomination. By this church, at the head of Coal creek, in this county, Mr. Quick was ordained a minister June 13,1847. For nearly thirty years he has been in the active work of the ministry, and in the whole time has not received a dollar as pay. He has made several liberal donations of money, the principal of which have been $500 to Liberty chapel and $500 to the Christian Publishing Company of Dayton, Ohio. He holds two shares of stock of $100 each in Union Merotn College, and four shares of $50 each in the New Albany and Salem railroad.

Among the pioneer settlers in this county was Mr. Randolph Davis and family, Mr. Davis having emigrated in his youth from the State of New Jersey to Ohio, where he was united in marriage with Miss Abigal Hoel, of Butler county, who was also born in New Jersey. Removed from Butler county, Ohio, to Montgomery county, Indiana, in the year 1826, and settled in the almost unbroken forest of Brown township. The first family residence was in a rude log cabin, roofed with boards and floored with puncheons, then occupied for some time without any chimney. The fire for cooking being placed against the logs at the side or end of the cabin, where the chimney was to be built, an opening was thus gradually burned out, and then a chimney of sticks and mud was erected and completed, with mud back, jambs and hearth. The cracks between the logs were filled with the same material, of which there was an abundant supply. The cabin now completed was found to be quite comfortable and convenient, answering admirably the purposes of kitchen, dining-room, bed-room, sitting- room and parlor. Having none of the modern inventions, such as stoves, for cooking, Mrs. Davis, as all the pioneer women did, baked corn-dodgers on the skillet and pone in the big oven. The same table, though not of the extension pattern, suited well for both kitchen and dining-room. Other furniture, such as chairs and stools, was plain, unvarnished and substantial. The bedsteads had each one post, and neither the mark of chisel, plane, screw or nail about them. Instead of an organ or piano the parlor was furnished with a well-made and rich-toned instrument of the spinning-wheel variety. A flax-brake, scutching-board and knife, a hatchel, wheel and loom, constituted a complete outfit for a first-class domestic manufactory of coarse and line linens, convertible into trousers, shirts, sheets, table-cloths, towels, etc. Mr. Davis being a man of energy and will, as well as muscular force, soon made an opening in the woods, which was enlarged from year to year until a farm yielding abundant crops of grain and grass was opened .tip. He possessed some military genius and taste, and took an active part in some of the first military organizations in the county, holding for years the rank and title of major. Mr. and Mrs. Davis raised a family of four sons and three daughters. The boys, Isaac, Jacob, Thompson and John, received such home training on the farm as qualified them for future success in life. After many years of varied success in business and trade, Jacob died at Crawfordsville in 1876. Isaac, Thompson and John are still living in this county, successfully engaged in farming and trading in stock.

John L. Davis, farmer and stock raiser, Crawfordsville, is descended from Welsh ancestry. His parents were natives of New Jersey. His father, Randolph Davis, married Abigal Hoel in Butler county, Ohio, ;and in the autumn of 1826 removed to this county and improved a homestead on Indian creek, in Brown township, on Sec. 13, T. 18, R. 5. The mother is yet living at this place, and has passed several years in her fifth score. The first day after the arrival of the family the men in the company built a cabin, which they all occupied at night. A fire was kindled against the green logs, where the fire-place was soon after made, and the forked flames smiled with a glow of comfort on the new home and its happy inmates. A deer, killed by one of the men, was hung up in a corner. Here it was that the subject of this biography was born April 4, 1831. He was the sixth child of his parents. His early life was occupied with the usual employments of that period, such as farming and clearing land ; and he wrung meanwhile a common school education from the scanty privileges of the time. He married Miss Eliza E. Van Cleve, daughter of George W. and Margery (Benefiel) Van Cleve, who were natives of Kentucky, and were married in Shelby county, of that state, in 1826. Mrs. Davis was born on the farm where she resides December 24, 1834. Her parents were Presbyterians, and she has been a communicant in the Old School Presbyterian church since her childhood. Throe children have blessed the home of Mr. and Mrs. Davis: George E., born December 8, 1862; Little Harry, April 13, 1864, died August 30, 1864, and Margery S., November 8, 1866. Mr. Davis is a prominent representative of the Mystic Tie in Montgomery county. He was made a Master Mason in Montgomery Lodge, No. 50, June 11,1852; a Royal- Arch Mason in Crawfordsville Chapter, No. 40, July 30, 1857; received the council degrees in Montgomery Council, No. 34, May 5, 1869, and attained the honorable position of a Knight Templar in Greencastle Commandery, No. 11, November 11, 1870. He is a charter member of Crawfordsville Commandery, No. 25; was the first treasurer, and except one year has held that office continuously since. He has attended three triennial conclaves of the Knights Templar: the first at Baltimore in 1871, the second in Cleveland in 1877, and the third in Chicago in 1880. Mr. Davis owns a valuable farm pleasantly situated about four miles south of Crawfordsville, on the Terre Haute turnpike. His real estate comprises 460 acres, 220 being under plow and the rest in meadow and pasture. This fine property, valued at $34,000, has been accumulated mainly by his own hard labor and business industry. His superb private residence, one of the best in the county, was erected in 1875 at a cost of $6,000. Exclusive of cellar and attic, it contains fifteen handsome rooms. On New Year's eve, 1879, Mr. and Mrs. Davis entertained at their home upward of forty, including Knights Templar, their wives, and others. An elegant supper was spread before a brilliant assemblage of guests, and the affair throughout was too enjoyable not to be conspicuous for a long time in the pleasing recollections of all who were present on that occasion.

Henry Crawford (deceased). Montgomery county desires to keep in remembrance her honored dead. Among her early pioneers the name of Henry Crawford is prominent. To him, with others in that early day, the "present" is indebted for many of the elements of strength that place Crawfordsville on the high business, intellectual, and moral plain she now occupies. Henry Crawford was born in Charleston, Virginia, December 15, 1802, and was the son of Alexander and Catharine Crawford. His father was a native of Ireland, and his mother of Union City, Pennsylvania. She died when he was a boy, in Lebanon, Ohio, where the family were living at the time. In 1827 he came to Crawfordsville, where he was constantly engaged in mercantile pursuits till within a few years of his death. He early opened a store and kept a general stock on the ground now occupied by the Nutt hotel, and about 1830 moved his store and stock to the spot on which the present Crawford store stands, first door east of the court-house. On that spot he made his reputation as a business man. To sell and buy goods was a pleasure to him, and by close attention and care, by strict integrity and faithfulness to promises, he became a successful merchant. Those early days tried the courage of a young man. Then six weeks were required in which to make the trip to New York for goods; now only a few days. In 1843 he united with the Center Presbyterian church, and became one of the most liberal and earnest supporters of the Gospel. Mr. Crawford also took an earnest interest in the Wabash College and all progressive measures. A little more than a year before his death sickness prostrated him. and it seemed impossible for him to rally. At last, surrounded by his friends and loved ones, he passed from the toils and pleasures of earth April 2, 1878, after fifty-one years' residence in Crawfordsville. Mr. Crawford was a whig in the times of that party, and with the rise of republicanism he espoused its principles, and although he never sought political distinction yet was earnest in his political opinions. He waa twice married: first to Mary Cochran, by whom there is one surviving son, Henry E.; his second marriage took place in 1841, this time to Lydia M. Marshall, daughter of Benjamin and Elizabeth Marshall, of Dunbarton, New Hampshire. Mr. Crawford left a second family, consisting of a wife and two children, Clara R. and Charles M., now proprietor of the stone front dry-goods store just east of the court-house.

Joab Elliot, retired, Crawfordsville, now a man of seventy-three years, has spent his life in Indiana. He has seen the state grow as lie grew to manhood, and as he has grown gray has beheld his state continue to develop. His father was a native of Randolph county, North Carolina, and in 1806 made a trip to Indiana territory and purchased 160 acres of land in the twelve-mile purchase. In the following year he moved his family in a four-horse wagon a distance of 700 miles, from Tennessee to his lately purchased farm. Stopping over night in a log-cabin just within the Indiana border, and within six miles of their destination, where all was wild and only wild animal or wilder savage broke the silence, a child was born November 18,1807, and they called his name Joab. This was on Green's Fork, one and a half miles northwest of the present city of Richmond. They soon settled on their frontier home and there in the then Far West they lived several years. Here Joab was raised with few other companions than nature famishes where civilized foot has never yet trod. The Elliots lived within the bounds of the friendly Indians ; but just beyond, the whoop of hostile foes rent the air, and made the forest more weird. Forts or block-houses were built on the Elliot farm, in which the few whites of the region took refuge. In 1811 they experienced the earthquake of that time, and which Tecumseh threatened the Indians of the south when they refused to join him in the attempt to exterminate the whites- This was a peculiar occurrence and the Indians imagined it was the fulfillment of the chiefs threat. The war of 1812 brought the bloodthirsty savage closer to the threshold of the pioneer. The Elliots, becoming tired of risking danger, moved to Warren county in 1813, where they remained three years. Then Mr. Elliot went to Cincinnati, and with five families took a flat-boat for Jefferson county. After wandering considerably he settled eight miles south of Terre Hante. The head of the family ceased the toils of earth May 30, 1821, at the age of fifty-six years. His wife had died November 26, 1819. The boy Joab was left parentless, yet hardships were not new to him. While among the red men he became quite efficient in the use of the Indian language. Many a time he has been carried on the back of John Green, the chief of the friendly tribe, and he relates with freshness and vigor thrilling incidents of his early days. His brother served in the war of 1812. His people in early times were Quakers. His grandfather being called upon to fight by the tories during Revolutionary times refused, on account of his religious scruples, whereupon the tories tied him to a tree and gave him his choice to fight or die. He preferred death to a violation of his oath. The tories arranged themselves in line sixty steps distance, preparatory to shooting the steadfast man. All was ready when a son of the doomed man, and brother to Joab's father, interfered with these words: " Men, if you must shoot anyone, shoot me, as father has a family to support." Saying this, the brave son placed himself in front of his father to shelter him. Even the tory heart was moved, and both father and son were allowed to live. After the death of his parents, Joab lived with his brother in Ohio, but in 1828 he made Montgomery county his permanent home and bought eighty acres, the W. 1/2 of N.E. 1/4 Sec. 23, Ripley township. There he married, December 31, 1829, Susan Mann, the daughter of an early settler. He built the old-time log hut and around the crackling fire did he and Susan muse and think of the roof left and that which they yet would build. The years hastened on and no family was born to them to fill the space around the board, but their hearts went out to the needy, and eight children have found homes within their doors, but one of whom (Nettie Elliot, or Jennet Sprag) is now at home. Mr. Elliot was partly raised by her great-grandfather. About 1857 Mr. and Mrs. Elliot moved from their farm to Crawfordsville, and in 1874 made their residence where Mr. Elliot, with their adopted daughter, Nettie, now live; Mrs. Elliot having died April 17, 1876, at the age of sixty-three years, after a life well spent. At her table the present Hon. M. D. White had boarded many years, and he was pleased to call her mother; also, John White, now of Danville, Illinois, became as one of the family under her roof. With her husband she was a member of the Christian church. Mr. Elliot was an early whig in politics, but for many years he has ever been found true to republicanism and in his old age loves his party. Joab Elliot is one of Indiana's oldest living children.

William Hartman, retired, Crawfordsville, was born in Virginia, January 12, 1804, on a farm, and had only a limited education. He is the son of John and Mary Hartman. They come to Clark county, Indiana, in 1814. Mr. Hartman served nearly seven years in Clark county in the tanning and currying business, and in 1828 he settled in the city of Crawfordsville. For many years he was engaged in the grocery and dry-goods trade. When he came to this city he was afoot and alone. He has been very successful and is now living in private life enjoying the fruits of his labors. He has been a Mason since 1836, and is a republican. He was married the first time in 1829, to Elizabeth Lee. His second marriage was in 1847, to Martha A. Shanklin. They have four children living. Two of their sons, Samuel L. and David W., were in the army, Samuel having raised an artillery company from this place. Mrs. Hartman had a son, John A., who was a lieutenant in the army and at Pittsburg Landing. The other children are William A. and Martha A. Mrs. Hartman is a member of the New School Baptist church.

Jesse W. Cumberland, justice of the peace, Crawfordsville, is a son of Martin and Ann (French) Cumberland, and was born August 9, 1825, in Hamilton county, Ohio. His father was a native of Baltimore, Maryland, and in the fall of 1825 he made a trip west for the purpose of buying land. He entered 160 acres, and being in need of meat for his journey home, started in search of deer. He succeeded in shooting a deer, but ere he could find shelter from the bitter cold was frozen to death. He left a wife and four children. In 1828 Mrs. Cumberland moved to Crawfordsville, bringing three children, among whom was Jesse, and leaving one child in the east. Here she took in washing and supported her family as best she could until they were able to care for themselves. She died in 1860, at the age of sixty-five years. Under these trying circumstances, and the meager advantages of those days, Jesse received but little education. When seven years old he went to live with Hamilton Barnes, of Lockport, Indiana, with whom he stayed two years. He was then adopted by Dr. Grimes, with whom he lived until fourteen years of age, at Delphi, when on account of very poor health he returned and lived with his mother, who in the meantime had been married to Samuel Fisher. He immediately began improving and became quite stout and well. When twenty-one years of age he began manufacturing wagons, which he followed for four or five years in Crawfordsville, then opened the first hardware and agricultural implement store in the city, which he kept for twenty years. Quitting this he engaged in the pork business, with John W. Blair, three years, and during the war he speculated and lost all. Since the war he has spent some time in the hotel business, and has also manufactured tile for several years. In 1878 Mr. Cumberland was elected justice of the peace. He is a very strong republican and temperance man. He votes for no man that drinks liquor or believes in state rights. He is a good citizen and well known throughout the county as a man of good judgment and fair decisions. He was married January 31,1849, to Margaret A. Speed, of Crawfordsville. She was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, and her parents came to America when she was three years old. Mr. and Mrs. Cumberland have a pleasant family of four children : Mary E., a graduate of the Crawfordsville Seminary, has taught six years in the city schools of La Fayette, and in 1880 went to Massachusetts, where she studied French, receiving a diploma attesting her proficiency in that language, and entered an eastern college to complete her education; Frank S., a carriage trimmer and master mechanic! Eva, a graduate of the Crawfordsville high school, and quite noted for her musical talent, both vocal and instrumental; and Lew, a student at Wabash College, and a workman in the coffin factory during vacations. They are a happy family.

William A. Stilwell, deceased, was born January 19, 1828, in Montgomery county, near Brown's Valley, where his father had come from Kentucky in a very early day, entered land, and settled, with wife and one child. His father still lives with his children, at the age of eighty-four, and owns the land he entered. William was one of nine children, all but one born in Montgomery county. William was raised on a farm and educated in the schools of the day. He was married June 12,1851, to Mary J. Gott, and the same year began merchandising in Waveland. The following year he changed his location to Alamo, and then to Annapolis, and in 1856 moved to Crawfordsville. Here he remained one year, and in April, 1857, went to Linn county, Kansas, and the following July his wife and two children, Wallace A. and Josie, joined him. Mr. Stilwell was a man loyal to the Union and opposed to southern slavery. About one o'clock in the morning, May 22, a party of pro-slavery murderers from Missouri entered the " Trading Post," situated on the military road leading from Fort Scott to Fort Leavenworth, whore it crosses the Osage river, about three miles from the state line. They emerged unseen, rode up to the store, and took G. W. Andrews and John Campbell prisoners. They then started on the road toward Kansas City, overtaking William A. Stilwell, from Sugar Mound, who was going up the river for a load of provisions ; they took him prisoner and ordered the other two men to get in his wagon and ride. They continued their maraudings until they had twelve men in custody. On arriving at a deep ravine in a skirt of timber, the commander, the notorious Captain Hamilton, called a halt. The prisoners were formed in line, about five yards in advance of the horsemen. The command was given to " Present arms! Fire!" every man dropped, and all were killed or severely wounded but one man, who fell for purposes of effect. Four were instantly killed, among whom was brave Stilwell, who, when he found he must die, cried to the villains: " If you are going to murder us, for God's sake take good aim." He fell, having received a charge of buckshot in his left breast. The ruffians then ransacked the pockets of their victims, and one poor fellow, who seemed little hurt, received a shot from a revolver, through the head, while one escaped observation and as soon as opportunity offered conveyed the news to the post.  William A. Stilwell was a Mason, and he thought this would save him, but so inhuman were the villains that it was said a Freemason (Dr. Hamilton) killed him. He left a wife and two children, who soon returned to Indiana. They lived with his father till 1861, when Mrs. Stilwell removed to Crawfordsville and supported her children with the profits of her needle. She did not neglect their education. Wallace A. Stilwell was born September 19,1854, in Alamo, Montgomery county, Indiana. He attended the public school, and from 1869 to 1873 was a student at Wabash College. Leaving school, he learned rosewood graining in oil, and worked at the coffin factory for some time; but invention depriving him of his trade, he applied himself to sign painting, in which he has excelled. He now has a shop in the basement at the corner of Main and Green streets.

Andrew S. Shanklin, farmer, Crawfordsville, was the eldest in a family of four sons and four daughters reared by John and Elizabeth (Kiggins) Shanklin. His grandfather, John Kiggins, was serving ass teamster in the war of 1812 when he was killed by the enemy. His grandfather Shanklin emigrated from Virginia to Kentucky in the early settlement of the west. The parents of our subject left Bath county, in that state, in 1823 or 1824, and coming to Lawrence county, Indiana, lived there till 1828. It was there that Mr. Shanklin was born. on January 6, 1825. The family removed to this county and made their home on Sec. 25 in Wayne township the first three years, but in 1831 changed to Sec. 9, where the father passed the remainder of his useful life, dying April 1, 1880, at the advanced age of seventy-eight years. Mr. Shanklin spent his youth farming and clearing land, and in winter attending the district school; and at the age of twenty-three celebrated his marriage, which took place April 27, 1848, with Miss Catherine Lowe. She was born in Bath county, Kentucky, June 24, 1829. The succeeding year her father came to Montgomery county, and after raising a crop returned late in the season and brought his family and settled permanently in Union township. Her grandfather Lowe was born in 1789, and died at her house in 1880. Mr. Shanklin and his wife are zealous and efficient members of the Methodist Episcopal church, of long standing, he having united some thirty years ago and she seven or eight years earlier. He is earnestly devoted to the principles of the republican party. His farm of ninety-five acres lies seven miles northwest of Crawfordsville, and is worth $5,000. In October, 1869, he moved with his family to Kansas, and returned in exactly two years from that date. This excellent couple have had five children to bless their marriage union: Elizabeth Ann, now Mrs. Joseph R. Vance, was born April 10, 1849; Lavina Ellen, born March 11, 1853, died January 22, 1854; Emily Alice, born May 19, 1855, wife of John Mclntyre; John William, born March 6, 1857, married December 7, 1876, to Emma L. Arheart; and Charles Elmer, born July 6, 1862.

Jonathan Nutt, farmer and stock raiser, Crawfordsville. His father, Edmund Nutt, was one of the earliest pioneers that came to Montgomery county. The exact year of his emigration is not known, but it is safe to say that he came as early as 1822 ; not more than two cabins being in Crawfordsville when he arrived. He came on foot, and found the country densely wooded, and bearing pea vine and touch-me-not in exuberant and almost impenetrable abundance. Through the matted and tangled growth, and by trails already made, he traced out a piece of land and made a claim southwest of Crawfordsville. After deadening the trees on forty acres he went back to Ohio and remained there at least two years. Returning, this time on horseback, he hired his land cleared off, and then went to raising grain. The country was rapidly settling up, and he had a ready market at home for all his produce, though prices ranged low. Corn brought twelve and a half cents per bushel, and pork twenty-five cents per hundred weight. In a very short time he bought a farm of 160 acres from James Gilkey for $600, and paid for it from the products of his fields at these small figures. Finally, in 1828, he married Elizabeth Mann, by whom he became the father of five sons and two daughters. Mr. Nutt spent his early boyhood in the " Old Dominion " where he was born, but guided by the common instinct of his countrymen to go west he fell in with the tide of emigration to Ohio. He spent fourteen years there, teaming in summer, and in winter working in a woolen-mill. Both he and his wife died .in December, 1863, the former being about sixty-seven years of age. At the time of his death he owned over 2,200 acres of land. On his second journey out here he arrived just at night at the Indian village north of Thorntown, and being sick and pale, was invited to refresh himself in a wigwam. Skins were spread on the ground for his couch, and he was treated with great kindness by his red entertainers; but he could not be altogether at ease, and in a state of mind which had no tendency to induce sleep he lay awake the whole night looking out of the lodge watching his horse in front. Jonathan, his eldest son and second child, was born in Union township September 1, 1829. He was married March 17, 1863, to Mary Ann Cooper, who was born in Union township August 13, 1841. She was the daughter of Sylvester and Lydia Cooper, who settled here the year before her birth. Mr. and Mrs. Nutt have been the parents of three children : Lenora, born March 8,1864, died September 30,1865 ; Orra, April 13, 1867; and Flora, February 7, 1873. Mrs. Nutt belongs to the Methodist church, and he is a republican. His farm of 382 acres, 50 of which are woodland, is all fenced; it is in a high condition of improvement, with the adjuncts of excellent buildings and a school- house within a stone's throw of his dwelling. His residence is a fine, tasteful brick structure. He values his real property at $28,000.

Joshua C. McKinsey, retired, Crawfordsville, was born in Warren county, Ohio, September 6, 1827, and is the son of Samuel and Rebbecca McKinsey. When two years old he came with his parents to Ripley township, Montgomery county. His father died there in 1866, his mother in 1855. Mr. McKinsey lived in that township forty-three years. He then settled in the city of Crawfordsville. His residence is 23 Pike street. He is a Mason and a republican, and one of the city councilmen. He was married in 1849 to Rachel Sparks. She is a member of the Christian church. Their home is made pleasant by the presence of an only daughter, Emma E. She is a member of the First Presbyterian church.

John P. Wray, deceased, Crawfordsville, was born in Montgomery county, Ohio, November 27, 1822. His father died when he was eight years old, and he was indentured to Samuel Gilliland, with whom he lived until he became of age. He was given a small sum of money by his guardian, and then began his way in the world with no other help. One of his first important acts was to get married ; but his wife, Miss Julia Ann Busenbark, survived their union only six months. He next married Miss Mary L. Britton, March 6, 1849. She was born in this township February 6, 1831. Her great-grandfather Farnsworth was a native of Scotland, and emigrated to New Jersey. Her great-grandfather Britton was a soldier in the revolution. Her mother's parents removed from New Jersey to Ohio in 1820, and there her mother was married to Thomas P. Britton. This couple came to Union township in 1829, and settled near where North Union is. They died there. Mr. and Mrs. Wray were the parents of six children : Laura P., born May 6, 1851, married in November, 1870, to George Steele, of Clinton county; Anna J., born February 8, 1854, married in December, 1874, to James Finley, of Clinton county; Martha Francis, born October 27, 1855, died July 8, 1863; William J., born December 13, 1857; Clara E., born December 6, 1860; and John M., born September 28, 1863. Mrs. Wray belongs to the New Light church, and her husband was a democrat. He died January 1, 1866. When he was married the second time he had $500, but being industrious and a careful manager, he prospered, and at his death left his heirs a good homestead of 180 acres. He was respected by all who knew him.

Charles W. Elmore, grain dealer, Crawfordsville, was born in Montgomery county, December 23, 1829. He had a common school education, and lived on the farm until 1863, when he enlisted in Co. B, and was captain of the 120th Ind. reg. He served one year and was then discharged on account of ill health. He was in all of the battles of the Atlanta campaign. After the war he went into the dry-goods business in this city, and continued five years. He afterward went into the grain trade, which he has since successfully followed. He is an Odd- Fellow, and a republican, votes as he shot. He has a large warehouse, with elevator, and does a large business. He was married in 1867, to Eliza E. Palmer. She is a member of the Episcopal church.

James T. Mack, merchant, Crawfordsville, is a son of John and Catharine (Wilhite) Mack. John Mack was a native of Virginia, and accompanied his parents to Kentucky. The Wilhites were also Virginians, and early settlers of Kentucky. In the latter state Catharine was born, and came with her people in an early day to Montgomery county, Indiana. Mr. Mack also made a trip to Indiana to inspect the land, and while here occurred his marriage. At the time of his arrival Crawfordsville consisted of two log cabins. Some time after coming he bought the " hotel," a double log house which stood on the spot now occupied by the large store-rooms east of the courthouse. There he kept tavern. He sold this and bought a private dwelling-house which stood on the present site of the St. James hotel. He there kept hotel until he moved on a farm one mile south of Crawfordsville. Mr. Mack was also a skillful cabinet-maker. He hauled his grain to Terre Haute, fifty-six miles, to mill, and helped chop the forest from the spot on which Crawfordsville flourishes to-day. In politics he was whig, and in religion he was a constant Christian and member of the Center Presbyterian church, as was also his wife. He died in 1841. Mrs. Mack, after his death, supported herself and daughter Jennie by means of her needle. Jennie was fairly educated, and after maturity was married to Robert H. Snyder, now a wealthy gentleman of Louisville. Mrs. Mack died December 26, 1874. She was dearly beloved by her children and highly respected by all who knew her. James T., the only son, was born September 15, 1830, in the log hotel mentioned. Being but eleven years of age when his father died, he was obliged to fore go many of the advantages of education and other pleasures, and therefore worked at anything that offered itself. At the age of nineteen years he opened a restaurant, which has been his principal occupation since. For a time during the war he was in the sutler department of the 20th Ky. reg., with John Morgan, son of Dr. Morgan, of Crawfordsville. In 1869 and 1870 he kept a restaurant in Kankakee, Illinois, but since that time has been in Crawfordsville. He spent seven months in Leadville in 1879. In 1880 he moved into his present pleasant room, No. 44 East Main street, Elston's block, opposite the post-office, and is doing a good business. He is one of the few successful men in his line of business. Mr. Mack was married in 1849 to Elizabeth E. Wasson, daughter of John and Sarah H. (Allbright) Wasson. They have four children : Fannie, Sarah, Jaja, and James T. Jr. He is a Mason, an Odd-Fellow, and a member of the A.O.U.W. He and wife are members of the Methodist church.

H. Rice Canine, salesman, Crawfordsville, was born in Shelby county, Kentucky, August 11, 1824, and came to Montgomery county when eight years old, attending Wabash College some three months. He followed farming till he was thirty years old, when he sold out and came to Crawfordsville, and sold hardware for Cumberland, Gregg & Co. He has been engaged in the same store, either as salesman or proprietor, for twenty-five years, except two years he was in the dry- goods business. He was married September 22, 1845, to Sarah A. Beuefiel. They have two children : Mary E. and Edna J. Mr. Canine is a republican, an elder in the First Presbyterian church, and a respected and honorable gentleman.

P. M. Layne, physician and surgeon, Crawfordsville, whose residence in Crawfordsville dates back to 1830, is the son of Elisha Layne, who came with his family to Montgomery county, November 30, 1830. He began at farming and followed it as a business during the balance of his life. The doctor now has in his possession some manuscript, a great part of it written by his father, and some by his father's friends; some portions of it bear dates as early as 1751, and is still in a good state of preservation. The doctor was born in 1827, and is a native of Kentucky. His early education was obtained, as he says, " in the woods." At the age of eighteen years he began the study of medicine and some time after put himself under the instructions of a physician. In 1855 lie first began a regular practice by buying the office of his old tutor Dr. S. W. Bennage, who had opened the office in 1847. Since 1855 the doctor has devoted his time to the practice of his profession. His faith is of the eclectic school and he is a member of the Eclectic State Medical Society. In 1847 he was made a member of the Masonic order and has since filled the different offices in the blue lodge, royal arch., royal and select master, and in the commandery. He is a member of Crawfordsville Commandery. No. 25. In 1856 he was married to Miss Minerva J. Hughes, a native of Crawfordsville. Her people were among the earlier settlers of the place, and her father built the first brick court-house of the county. She died in 1875, leaving two sons and one daughter. He was married again in 1877, to Miss Louisa Downing, a native of Michigan, though she had been a resident of Crawfordsville for some time prior to her marriage. The doctor has, „ by his close application and success in the practice of medicine, placed his name among the list of old and prominent physicians of the county.

Thomas M. Bobbins, proprietor Nutt Hotel, Crawfordsville, was born in Butler county, Ohio, December 6, 1829, and is the son of Samuel and Jane Bobbins. His parents settled in Ripley township, Montgomery county, in 1831. His mother died there in 1832; his father in 1855. His father was a farmer, and was in the war of 1812. The subject of this sketch spent his boyhood on the farm, and had a good education, attending what is now Bloomingdale, but then Annapolis, College, four or five years. He first went in partnership with his brother, and continued with him on the farm until his brother died, in 1863. He was then in the livery business awhile, and next kept a hotel in Terre Haute, and afterward kept a livery stable in Danville, Illinois, until 1877, when he became proprietor of Nutt Hotel, making it one of the best hotels in the state. In August, 1855, he was married to Miss Mary E. Holton. Their children are John H., born September 23, 1856, and Willie, born in 1860, and died in 1863. In politics Mr. Robbins is a republican.

Benjamin T. Ristine. Among the oldest and most prominent citizens of Montgomery county is the gentleman whose name appears at the head of this sketch. Benjamin T. Ristine is widely known, both at home and abroad; also in the law circles of Indiana. He was born January 19, 1807, in the neighborhood of Madison, just across the river, in Kentucky. His father, Henry Ristine, was a native of New York, and his mother, Nancy (Gray) Ristine, was born in Virginia. They married in Kentucky, and moved to Jefferson county, Indiana territory, about 1808. Henry Ristine became a lieutenant in the ranging service during the war of 1812, and explored pretty well the Wabash valley. In 1815 he began keeping tavern in Madison, which he continued till 1820, when he bought land adjoining the town and established a tannery which he conducted for two years. Having been well impressed with the rich soil of the Wabash when ranging here, he determined to make this his future home. Accordingly, in 1823, in the month of May, he reached Crawfordsville with his wife and six children. The city was then in the germ, enclosed by a thick and dense hull of green woods, and little did the Ristines dream of the future city with its numerous industries, its schools, and its churches. Here they built a "log hotel" on the ground just south of, and opposite to, the present Nutt Hotel. Here they kept tavern till 1829, when they bought land in the edge of Tippecanoe county, and lived there till 1832, then returned to Crawfordsville and bought the frame and log tavern that stood on lot 111, east of the court-house. Several years afterward he sold, and bought a lot opposite the St. James Hotel, where he built a hotel which he kept till he retired from business. He died in 1856, at the age of seventy-three years. He had been a thorough and active whig. He was president of the board of trustees for some time, and from 1828 to 1833 represented his county in the legislature. He was also prominent in the Baptist church. His wife died in 1861, at the age of seventy-three years. Benjamin T. Ristine passed his youthful days in hotel life. At the age of twenty-two he kept a subscription school, and borrowing such books as he needed he studied law by himself in connection with teaching. Abandoning the law he engaged in the dry-goods business for seven years, then resumed his legal studies, selling his store interest and buying a hundred dollars' worth of elementary law books for immediate study. He also had access to such law libraries as the place and times afforded. In May, 1840, Mr. Ristine was admitted to the bar, and settled for the practice of his profession in Crawfordsville, where he has ever since remained. He has never allowed himself to seek office. He was nominated by the whigs to represent the county in the convention called to revise the constitution, but although he received the full whig vote he was defeated. In 1845 he became associated with Alexander Thomson in the legal profession, which firm, known as Thomson & Ristine, continued for thirty-three years. Since the dissolution Mr. Ristine has taken his two sons, T. H. and C. H. Ristine, into partnership with him. He was married in August, 1837, to Miss Flora Humphrey. They have seven children: Theodore H., Ozea H., attorneys; Warren H., doctor in Crawfordsville; Harley G., M.D., of Fort Dodge, Iowa; Charles W., who manages the home farm ; Albert (deceased); and a daughter, married to "W. D. Frazer, of Warsaw, Indiana. Mr. and Mrs. Ristine are members of the Presbyterian church. He has been a stalwart republican since the birth of that party.

Charles L. Bratton, farmer, Crawfordsville, an old settler, was born in Augusta county, Virginia, June 19, 1819. He came with hie parents to this county in a four-horse wagon. They started from Virginia September 12, and got here October 12,1832. They traveled through the week and rested on Sunday, and enjoyed their journey through the woods and wilderness. His parents were William and Mary G. Bratton. His father was in the war of 1812, and both his grandfathers were in the war of the revolution. His father was a Jackson democrat, a whig, then a republican. His mother was a member of the Presbyterian church. The subject of this sketch went to school in a log cabin and sat on puncheon benches, and had greased paper for windows. He lived with his father until he was twenty -five years old, having always been a farmer. He has a good farm of 160 acres, upon which he has a nice two-story brick house, about five miles from Crawfordsville. He was married January 11, 1844, to Catherine Dice. She is a member of the Presbyterian church, and was born November 9, 1824. They have had ten children: Mary M., married to Andrew Smiley; David A., married to Eliza Grimes; William A. was in the army six months, and is married to Jane Carrington; John A. (deceased) Martha E.; Charles M., married to Ellen Loop; James B., Harvey B., Orpha W. and Rachel J. Mr. Bratton has been a Presbyterian since he was twenty-three years old, and is now a deacon in that church. He is a Good Templar, a member of the Horse Detective Association, and a strong adherent to the principles of the republican party. He cast his first vote for General Harrison, in 1840. He reads a great deal, and is an intelligent, enterprising farmer. He has the patent for the land where he now lives, issued to Charles Johnston, signed by Andrew Jackson.

John Bishop, tailor, Crawfordsville, the son of Benjamin and Maria (Britton) Bishop, was born April 22, 1832, in Montgomery county. At the age of fourteen he began to learn the saddle and harness trade with William W. Nicholson Sr., of Crawfordsville. At the age of sixteen he enlisted for five years in the Mexican war, in Co. D, 16th U. S. Inf., under Col. J. W. Tibbatts, of Newport, Kentucky. August 7, 1848, at the close of the war, Mr. Bishop was honorably discharged, having served about sixteen months. Returning home he served three years' apprenticeship at tailoring with George W. Pier- son, for $135. At the expiration of this time he formed a partnership with Mr. Pierson, which continued for several years. On June 23, 1852, he was married to Elizabeth M., daughter of James and America Galey, of Crawfordsville. His family of four children, James M., George W., Henry C. and Edwin S., are all in business in Crawfords- ville. In 1863 Mr. Bishop enlisted in a volunteer regiment of home- guards, under Col. S. M. Houston, and during the same year enlisted in Co. C, 108th Ind., under Col. W. W. Wilson, for the Morgan raid, and was mustered out July 17, 1863. In May, 1864, he again enlisted, this time in the 135th Ind., commanded by Col. W. W. Wilson, and was mustered into service May 23. He was appointed hospital steward. After serving his full time of enlistment, mostly in the States of Tennessee and Alabama, he was honorably discharged September 29,1864. Returning to Crawfordsville he resumed his trade in the tailoring establishment of Wilhite Bros., where he continued until 1876, then bought out the senior partner, the firm still continuing Wilhite & Bishop. Mr. Bishop has for years been one of the most reliable business men and valuable citizens of Crawfordsville. Ever solicitous for tin; pure morals and good name of the city, he always stood with the leaders in every work of reformation and education. May 8,1879, he was elected to the city council for two years, and has by strict integrity and impartiality secured the confidence and esteem of the community. In 1848 Mr. Bishop united with the Methodist church, and during his connection has been entrusted by the church with positions of honor and responsibility, which ho has always filled creditably. His conversion has a remarkable feature, and illustrates the power and efficiency of prayer. While in the Mexican service, stationed at the city of Monterey, without chaplain or religious services of any kind, he was suddenly and powerfully convicted of sin and the necessity of living a different life, which he at once resolved to do. Two months afterward he received a letter from his mother stating that during a revival in Crawfordsville she had presented him to her class as a special object of prayer. On comparing dates he found that the time of his conversion coincided exactly with the time of his mother's special earnestness in regard to him. Mr. Bishop lives to-day believing he was saved by the grace of God in answer to the prayer of his devoted mother and her friends in the church.

Robert J. Vance, Crawfordsville, was born near Winchester, Virginia, September 22, 1814, and is the son of Robert Vance. He lived in Virginia till he was fourteen years old. He then went to Kentucky, and came to Montgomery county when he was nineteen years old. His grandfather, Maj. Beall, was all through the hardships, sufferings and battles of the revolution. Mr. Vance began clerking for his brother Samuel in a dry-goods store when fourteen years old, and thereafter went into partnership with him, which continued for several years, and then went into business for himself. Mr. Vance was in business in the city of Crawfordsville for nearly forty years, part of the time as a grain dealer, a note-broker and general trader. He has been a Mason for twenty-five years, and is a deacon in the First Presbyterian church of this city. His ancestors came from Scotland, and were Presbyterians for fully 300 years back, and were active in the religious troubles between Scotland and England. Mr. Vance was marred in 1843 to Martha Tilden, of Virginia. Her father was a physician of some note, and her grandfather was a physician and a Presbyterian preacher. Mr. Vance has five children living: Elizabeth, Mary, Ruth, William and Lucy. In politics Mr. Vance is an original whig. He has relatives in Kentucky, Virginia, North Carolina, Ohio and Indiana. He has been a successful business man, and although he has met with reverses within the last few years, yet is pushing on with the energy and ambition of a younger man. Mr.Vance is active, energetic and honest. In personal appearance he very much resembles the great statesman from New York, William H. Seward.

Ephraim C. Griffith, contractor and house builder, Crawfordsville, was born January 5,1833, in Crawfordsville. He is a son of Townsend and Mahala (Cattlin) Griffith. His mother was born in Hamilton, Ohio. Her parents were from Virginia, and in 1822 came to Montgomery county and bought the present Stafford farm, just east of the city of Crawfordsville, where they lived for many years, then went to Clinton county, Indiana, where they died, he at the age of seventy-six and she at ninety years. Her father was a Pennsylvanian, and with his parents went to Maryland, then came to Indianapolis, when there was not a shingle roof to be seen in the place. There about 1822 he saw his father, an old revolutionary soldier, buried with the honors of war. The old gentleman was a Quaker, and the Friends gathered to make his shroud, but when they understood he was to be buried as a soldier, they departed. About 1823 Townsend Griffith came to Crawfordsville. In 1827 he was married, and settled in a little old store-room, bought of John Willson, and which stood where the engine-house now stands. Here his father died in 1829. His mother died in Maryland. When Townsend first came he bought the ground on which the Center Presbyterian church now stands. Mr. Griffith built the first log jail of Crawfordsville. This burning, he put up the first brick jail. He was always active in public improvements. He held public meetings throughout the county, and solicited nearly all the subscriptions for the old New Albany railroad stock. He was major in the state militia also. He was a warm democrat, yet a particular friend and companion of the Hon. John Willson (deceased). In 1852 he went to Minnesota, and on his way home was taken ill. When just across the northern Illinois state line he was obliged to leave the train and seek a stranger's cot, and in a little village in northern Illinois he died. He was buried there but was removed in the following winter to Crawfordsville. He was widely known and highly esteemed in the county. Mrs. Griffith is still living in Crawfordsville. Ephraim C., son of the above, was raised in the town of Crawfordsville and educated in the common school. At the age of twelve years he applied himself to learn the cabinet and carpenter's trades with his father, when he was so small that he was obliged to make a platform on which to stand at his bench. This has been his life work. He is probably the most extensive eon- tractor in the county, having built a great number of business and dwelling-houses. He was a school trustee for some years, and was appointed to superintend the erection of the county court-house, which cost $135,000. He keeps from eight to twenty hands employed. In 1879 he was elected city councilman. He is a warm democrat, a Mason, and an Odd-Fellow. He was married February 14, 1855, to Mary J. Brassfield, of Montgomery county. She was born in Shelby county, Kentucky. She is a member of the Methodist church. They have three boys and one girl. The Griffiths have done much toward the improvement and development of Montgomery county and Crawfordsville.

Henderson J. Coleman, farmer and veterinary surgeon, Crawfordsville, was born in Scott county, Indiana, January 14, 1829. Hie parents, John and Mary (Jacobs) Coleman, removed thence to Franklin county in his early infancy, and lived there until 1833; at that date they came to Union township and made their residence on the homestead where Mr. Coleman now lives. His mother died of cancer August 29, 1864, at the age of sixty-eight; and his father died April 19, 1874, aged eighty-four years. Mr. Coleman received a common school education, and twenty-five or thirty years ago was much of the time engaged as a pedagogue, but as he was a natural penman his teaching was chiefly limited to writing-classes. At that day he was accounted the champion penman of Montgomery county. With this 'exception, he has always led the life of a farmer until within very recent years he has grown into the practice of veterinary science, which for twenty-five years he has been studying and applying in his own business. For some time, at first, he bought diseased and disabled horses, and after curing, sold them. His successful treatment of these animals gave him a gradually extending reputation, and the demands which the public at length made upon his time rendered it necessary that he should give up either his farming or his practice. Recently he has operated his farm by hired help, and about a year ago advertised as a practitioner. He attends three days in the week at the livery stable of Smith & Bro., in Crawfordsville, where he responds to all professional calls. In 1876, and again in 1880, Mr. Coleman listed for taxation all the real estate in the south half of Union township. The farm he owns comprises 138 acres, situated three and one-half tailes south of Crawfordsville, and valued at $6,000. This property be has accumulated by his own unaided industry. He has been a Mason eighteen years, and a life-long republican. His marriage with Deborah Edwards, who was born March 6, 1833, was celebrated on September 16, 1856. The fruits of this union have been nine children: Elizabeth (deceased), Mary Ellen (deceased), Emma E., wife of Edward Kelsey ; Susie Edna, Josiah (deceased), Julia, William R., Samuel, and John. Mrs. Coleman belongs to the Christian church.

John Stump, farmer and stock raiser, Crawfordsville, eldest son and second child of George and Martha (Talbot) Stump, was born in Boone county, Kentucky, May 8, 1820. Eight years afterward the family settled in Rush county, Indiana, and in 1830 removed to Montgomery county, and improved a farm in Union township, three-fourths of a mile southwest of the present residence of Mr. Stump. The country was then covered by deep forests, and settling in the green woods Mr. Stump helped his father clear his farm and make a comfortable home. When he began to do for himself he worked first by the day, and at length hired for a year. At the end of this term of service he was able to buy eighty acres of timber land. He took jobs of felling trees and making land ready for cultivation, and while so employed did a great amount of hard labor. He has accumulated a sufficient competence for his old age. His farm of 230 acres lies six and one-half miles southwest of Crawfordsville; 150 acres are under cultivation and in pasture. It is worth $9,000. He was married to Sibella A. Farley December 22, 1846. She was born April 30, 1821, and died November 17, 1871, having borne seven children: Robert, born December 18,1847, married Laurinda A. Payton August 6,1871; Martha Catherine, born June 28, 1849, married to David Payton Jan- nary 18, 1866; William H., born January 19, 1851, married Luella Northcott August 15,1875, she died April 14, 1876, and he September 22, 1878; Mary Elizabeth, born July 8, 1855; George W. and Rebecca Ann, March 11, 1859, the latter was married to William Grubbs September 23,1875; and Jennie, born February 22,1864. Mr. Stump was married again June 24, 1873, to Elizabeth Hopkins, widow of Jacob Routh and David Hoel. She was born in Clinton county, Ohio, June 30,1832. Fifteen years ago she united with the Christian church, but since her marriage to Mr. Stump has become a member of the United Brethren society, to which be has belonged the last five years. Mr. Stump draws his political inspiration from the old-time tenets and practices of the democratic party, and cast his first vote for president for James K. Polk, in 1844.

Redden B. Snyder, farmer and stock raiser, Crawfordsville, was born on the place where he lives, April 3, 1835. His parents arrived here from Butler county, Ohio, in the autumn of 1831. His father entered 160 acres, and soon afterward bought as much more adjoining; this comprised his real estate at the time of his death. The contrast between the log cabin which he built on these premises and the elegant residence just completed by Mr. Snyder a little north of the old site is striking and picturesque, and is not an unfair measure of the rate of progress made in this region of country in fifty years—a wonderful social and material growth. Mr. Snyder was married October 23, 1862, to Elizabeth, daughter of Sanford and Mary (Kemp) Gray. She was born November 1, 1839. The Grays were from Kentucky, and the Kemps from Pennsylvania. Her parents removed from Ohio to this county about 1836, and settled in Ripley township. Mr. Gray has been a man who has excelled in all the qualities of good citizenship; his high-minded life, warm-hearted intercourse, and unquestionable usefulness, should keep his memory long in the hearts of the people. Mr. and Mrs. Snyder have one child, Mary Luella, born January 27, 1864. Both parents have been members of the Christian Union church six years, and the former is a Master Mason. He is also a democrat in politics. Mr. Snyder owns 281 acres of choice land lying in a body and situated on the northwestern gravel road, three miles from Crawfordsville. It is valued at $25,000. The large and substantial brick house erected on the premises the last year, and just completed and furnished, is a model of finish on the interior, which has not been allowed to supplant the main object of convenience. It contains eleven principal, besides a large number of smaller rooms, and wardrobes. Mr. Snyder himself was the architect who planned the building and furnished all the designs. It is the best residence in Montgomery county, and was built at a cost of $8,000.

Nathaniel Quick, farmer and stock raiser, Crawfordsville, was born in Union township, June 30, 1832. Edwin and Abigal (Ball) Quick were his parents. He obtained a common school education, and after he was married attended one term at Merom Union Christian College. July 17, 1853, he was united in marriage with Catherine M. Groenendyke, who was born December 2, 1828. and died November 18, 1869. Sire was the mother of eight children : Flora Hannah, born February 10, 1855, now Mrs. George Fuller, married August 7,1875 ; Jessie F., born January 5, 1857, died February 5, 1859 ; Mary, September 15, 1858, died October 5, 1859 ; Clara, July 16, 1860; Thomas B., May 6, 1862, died November 8,1865 ; Abby, December 2,1863, died June 20, 1864; Nathaniel, July 15, 1865; and Daisy C., November 16, 1869, died April 9, 1870. Mr. Quick married Miss Sweak Cook, March 8, 1877. She was born December 11, 1845. He has been a member of the Christian church (New Light) thirty-one years, and has held the office of clerk most of the time during that period, and is still occupying the position. Ho is now a deacon, and a licentiate member of the Indiana Western Christian conference, having tilled the former place four years, and been licensed in the other about twelve years. Mrs. Quick belongs to the Campbellite branch of the Christian church. Mr. Quick owns 262 acres of land worth $13,000. In politics he is a green- backer. His brother Stebbins was a soldier in the 72d Ind. Vols. about six months and was discharged on account of disability.

Elijah C. Brown, retired, Crawfordsville. Just before the war of 1812 his paternal ancestors, who were of English extraction, emigrated from Virginia to the northwest territory and established themselves near the present site of Chillicothe, Ohio. The war coming on, his father volunteered, but partial deafness prevented his acceptance by the inspecting officer. Some of the relations still remain in the vicinity of Chillicothe and are to be found in the Thurman family, one of whom has risen to distinction in the senate of the United States. His grandfather's family on his mother's side came from North Carolina. They were Quakers, and descended from Dutch and Welsh ancestors. Mr. Brown was born in Highland count}7. Ohio, January 12, 1814, on the Capps farm, in the neighborhood of an earthwork which is a vestige of the Mound Builders. He was made a namesake of Elijah Capps, a nobleman by nature, who gave him a term of schooling. He had eight brothers and sisters, all younger than himself, the greater number of whom, with the parents, are dead. In 1825 the family secured a home near Greencastle, in Putnam county, and having become settled down on it, he assisted his father to clear the little farm of ninety-five acres. This small homestead was not sufficient for so large a family, so our subject, at the age of sixteen, began to learn the cabinet trade. His apprenticeship being ended, he was not able at all times to obtain employment in his line, and so on numerous occasions did so much at joiner work as to acquire such a knowledge of that art as to make it of material assistance to him. He was endowed with a deeply religions nature, and some circumstances and observations were not wanting to make a solid impression on his mind. Near his birthplace he had seen massive blocks of stone which had been borne from their native beds and scattered in curious isolation over the ground. These, he had been told when very young, by his father, were thrown into their present positions by the convulsion of nature at the crucifixion of Christ. The cavernous formation of ground near his home, in Putnam county, set his mind, already excited with the story of the supernatural, at work with thoughtful inquiries concerning these natural wonders. It was then that the value of an education appeared to him. Without this essential to extended usefulness he felt that he would be barred out into outer darkness, and destined to endless mental misery. So, upon the recommendation of friends, he was led, in the fall of 1834, to undertake a course of study in Wabash College, then but recently founded, and by means of his trade, hoped to work his way through; the purpose of the founders of the institution being at that time to organize a manual labor, and also an agricultural department. This object falling through, he, with others, was disappointed and deprived of the benefit of his plans, and after a term or two spent in the school was obliged to turn away with a heavy heart from his ambitious aspirations; but not till after Prof. John Thompson had proffered conditional aid to all the hopeful but indigent aspirants for learning. Some accepted, others declined; among the latter was Mr. Brown. He returned to former pursuits. Shortly afterward he contracted marriage and celebrated his nuptials with Mary B. Bowles, whose maiden name was Daniels, on July 27,1835. With this wife he lived in comparative harmony thirty-eight years. She was a lineal descendant of Col. Linn, one of the first settlers of Kentucky, whose name is conspicuous in the pioneer history of that state. They reared three children, two sons and a daughter, born respectively at four, eight, and sixteen years after their union. In the spring of 1835 Mr. Brown set up in the furniture and undertaking business in Crawfordsville, and followed it fifteen years. He accumulated considerable town property, and from the sale of this made some permanent investments in land. His savings have amounted to $20,000. Mrs. Brown owned eighty acres of forest land when she was married to Mr. Brown. He has divided over $10,000 of his property equally among his children. From his domestic affections and associations he derived his highest enjoyment, and his earnest and calculating care for his family induced him to toil hard to accumulate property, so that he might have enough to endow his children comfortably during his lifetime, and a competence left for himself and his wife. In 1832 he joined the Methodist church, and has since been an active Christian thinker and worker. After a delay, partly due to his withholding himself, he was, in 1865, licensed by his church to preach, and in 1875 ordained by Bishop Wiley, at La Fayette, a deacon. Mr. Brown has always held advanced and progressive views upon all the great topics which have engrossed public thought. His orthodoxy was at times even suspected by the unenlightened. He first attracted attention to himself by his radical sentiments in regard to temperance and slavery, when those subjects began to be vigorously agitated by a few bold spirits. His moral courage shone brightly in that conflict. This class of reformers, strong in the beginning only in conscious rectitude, were sneered at, and taunted, despised and hunted, and their lives put in jeopardy, as men have seldom been persecuted in a free country and an enlightened age. With patience Mr. Brown encountered proscription for opinion's sake ; and, as if to lend zest and variety to the war of hate and fury, he was more than once in imminent danger of personal violence from the mob. During the last forty years he has discovered great interest in the study of biblical and natural theology, and has been led to devote much time to the investigation of the sciences of chemistry, geology, and astronomy, and to connect his conclusions with the Mosaic account of creation. His examinations upon this subject, directed in the spirit of true inquiry, have opened to his delighted view the pleasing harmonies of science and the bible. The results of his inquiries have crystallized into thoughts which he has reduced to writing, and hopes to bring out in printed form in the near future, with the title of " God and the Ages."

Solon H. Brown, farmer, Crawfordsville, son of Elijah C. Brown, was born in Crawfordsville, March 12, 1844. He was enrolled July 18, 1862, in Co. B, 72d Ind. Vols. He was present with his regiment during all its arduous and brilliant service, except on the disastrous expedition under Gen. Sooy Smith, which was planned to cooperate with Gen. Sherman on his Meridian campaign. For an outline of the principle movements of the 72nd we refer to the biography of A. D. Lofland, of this township. Mr. Brown was mustered out of the service at Indianapolis, July 6, 1865. We venture to mention in this place an incident connected with Mr. Brown's command which ought not to be lost. On April 4, 1863, the 72nd was near Lebanon, Tennessee, with pickets thrown out, when a strong body of guerillas made a bold dash and captured two videttes, William B. Montgomery, and John W.Vance. Mr. Brown only narrowly escaped ; he lost his horse, which fell under him, and was supposed to have been shot. Vance and Montgomery were tied up by the guerrillas and shot; the latter was killed, and the former, after having been three times shot through the head, was left for dead. Incredible as it may seem, he was not killed, but succeeded in making his way back to Murfreesboro on foot, a distance of twenty- five miles. He arrived there in an exhausted condition. He finally recovered, came home, served a few years as recorder of Tippecanoe county, and at last died from the effects of the atrocious treatment he had received. These two men, it is said, bore the seal of that nobility which distinguishes the best men and the truest soldiers. Mr. Brown was married September 10, 1871, to Miss May J. Hamilton, who was born August 27, 1844. They have had the following children : Clelie May, born March 24, 1873; Charlie, May 19, 1874, died January 1, 1881; Alice, June 19, 1876; and James E., September 2, 1879. Mr. Brown owns 220 acres of land, valued at $12,000. He is an Odd- Fellow and republican.

Curtis Hardee, farmer, New Market, was the youngest child of John and Lucy (Sears) Hardee. His father volunteered when only fourteen years old, and served seven years under Washington in the revolution- ary war, and fought in all the battles in which that illustrious chieftain commanded. After the war he settled in Kentucky, where he married his first wife. Subsequently he removed to Preble county, Ohio, and then to Rush county, Indiana, where the subject of this notice was born about 1824. Having lost his property from paying security debts, he brought his family to Montgomery county, where he died about 1835. He was buried in the Michaels graveyard. For many years before his death he received a pension from the government. On the death of his father our subject became the ward of Nathan S. Smith, from whom he learned the blacksmith trade. He subsequently worked at this ten years. On April 30, 1846, he was married to Mary Jane Busenbark, who was born October 8, 1828, in Butler county, Ohio. Her grandfather, John Busenbark, served through the last three years of the war for independence, as a teamster. Her parents came to this county about 1830, and the family became located on the place Mr. Hardee now occupies. This farm contains 160 acres, valued at $8,000. On March 31, 1875, fire destroyed the house and nearly all its contents, entailing a loss of $1,000. Mr. Hardee belongs to the democratic party. Both he and his wife have been members of the Old School Baptist church sixteen years, and the former tills the office of deacon. This couple are the parents of the following children, nine in number: Lucy (deceased), Mary Eleanor (deceased), William B., Ann Eliza Priscilla (deceased), Sarah Jane (deceased), Elizabeth Elvira, now Mrs. George Hardesty, of Boone county; James Andrew, Samuel Morgan (deceased), and Laura Josephine.

Samuel Gilliland, farmer, Crawfordsville, was born in Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, about 1809, and was the tenth child in a family of eleven by John and Hannah (Michaels) Gilliland. When he was sixteen he left home and went to Butler county, Ohio. There he lived six years, got most of his education, which was obtained in the common schools, and December 20, 1832, was married to Polly Trousdale. Next year lie emigrated to Montgomery county, and settled on the Terre Haute road, five miles southwest of Crawfordsville. He had been here before and purchased eighty acres of land for $300. This, with a two-horse team and a little household furniture, was all the property he had at that time. He lived on this farm forty-five years, and then in 1878 moved to his present residence, on the same turnpike, two miles south of Crawfordsville. His wife died in 1844, and on March 9, 1848, he was married to Sarah Miller. She died in May 1870. By the first wife he became the father of five children : John T. (deceased), Lydia Jane, Anna Laura, wife of Etnmons Busenbark ; Margaret, wife of John Remley, and William, who died in infancy. The second bore Mary Ellen, wife of William Smith; Martha E., married to Edward Ray; Nancy Isabelle, Samuel M. (deceased), James B., William C. and Henry E. Mr. Gilliland was county commissioner of Montgomery county sixteen or seventeen years. He was first appointed to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John Mulligan, and after that was sev. eral years successively elected. He was in oflice when the war came on, and exerted his influence to pay by concurrent taxation the heavy expenses of the county incurred by hiring men to fill the quotas, and was chiefly instrumental in bringing about that policy. By procuring men in this way the county avoided the draft at every call, and by the pay-as-you-go plan the war was but a little while ended until it was out of debt. This made taxes burdensome for a few years. Mr. Gilliland himself paid $1,000 a year, but his foresight was afterward freely acknowledged in the most satisfactory manner. At the time, however, his term expiring, he was not reelected, so strong was the popular willingness to sacrifice future good to present convenience. But at the end of three years he was recalled by the people to his old position on the board. Mr. Gilliland was one of the corporators of the Crawfords- ville and Southwestern Gravel Road Company; he is a heavy stockholder in it, and has been superintendent a good many years. He owns 1,200 acres of laud, all lying in Union township, worth $60.000, and has $15,000 in ready cash, and is entirely free from debt. This has all been accumulated by hard labor and successful management. He first settled in the woods, and has done his full share of sturdy toil in clearing oft' the forests and improving land. He has been a democrat from his youth up, and cast his first presidential vote for Gen. Jackson, in 1832.

Hon. Richard Epperson, fanner and contractor, Crawfordsville. Among the most prominent of the many names mentioned in the history of Montgomery county may be mentioned Hon. Richard Epperson, an affable, hospitable gentleman, and for many years one of the foremost contractors of Indiana. His father, Daniel Epperson, was born in Lunenburg county, Virginia, on a farm. Here his youth was spent at hard work, save a few weeks in the district school each winter. At the age of twenty-one he became an apprentice to his brother, Daniel, to learn the blacksmith trade. At this trade he was a constant worker in connection with the farm until his fiftieth year. December 25, 1830, he reached Hamilton county, Ohio, and located near Mt. Pleasant, where he followed farming until October, 1836, at which time he started for Montgomery county, Indiana, reaching Crawfordsville October 18, where he resided until his death, January 13. 1853. In 1802 he married Susanna Mathews, of Lunenburg county, Virginia, and became the father of twelve children, eight of whom are now living. Mr. Epperson was a wide and constant reader, keeping well posted upon current matters, as well as studying carefully the history of his country, and was universally acknowledged as a superior man. His son, Richard Epperson, was born May 15, 1818, on a farm in Lunenburg county, Virginia. His youth was spent upon the farm in hard work, save a few weeks spent each winter in school, when it was impossible to perform farm labor. At the age of twenty-one he. began for himself, working upon a farm by the month, for about a year and a half. In April, 1841, he began a new life, that of apprentice to his brother, William, to learn the trade of a carpenter and joiner, in. the city of Crawfordsville. After learning his trade,which occupied about, two years, he followed life as journeyman carpenter until 1848, when he formed a partnership with his brother and former instructor, which, lasted until 1857. Upon the 9th of April of this year he moved to. his present delightful country home, where he was engaged in farming. and building till the fall of 1860, when he was elected upon the republican ticket to represent his district in the legislature. The following winter was spent in Indianapolis, attending to the duties devolving upon a. legislator, as was also the following spring at the extra session. June 2, 1861, he received an appointment from the board of directors as the anperintendent of the northern prison, which occupied his attention until March 11, 1863, when he again undertook general contracting. April 3, 1865, he was appointed architect and general superintend- ent of the same prison, at Michigan City. At the expiration of his term of two years he was reappointed, and served with credit to himself, with honor to his state, and to the satisfaction of all parties, until the date of his resignation, December 31, 1867. Upon his return to Craw- fordsville he immediately engaged himself in contracting, which called him to be employed upon many of the substantial buildings of the state. Since 1873 his time has been mostly consumed in superintending his 200-acre farm, situated six miles southeast of Crawfordsville and west of Whitesville. Mr. Epperson was first married to Eleanor C. Seldere, in Tippecanoe county, second daughter of Abraham and Mary (Campbell) Seldere. She was born July 26, 1819, and died December 14, 1869, and was buried in the Masonic graveyard of Craw, fordsville. They became the parents of eight children, seven of whom are living: Susan C., Mary E., William D., Rebecca A., Flora M., Sarah A., Richard H. and Emma P. January 1, 1871, Mr. Epperson was married in Warsaw, Indiana, to Mrs. Catharine Aspinwall, daughter of Adam and Margaret Woods, and the widow of Joseph Aspinwall. She was born September 6, 1869, and is the mother of two children: Joseph Aspinwall, a member of the class of 1880 and a graduate of Wabash College, who is now in Indianapolis preparing himself for the practice of medicine, and Margaret Aspinwall, who is still living at home. Mr. Epperson is a Universalist in faith, while his wife is a member of the Presbyterian church, his first wife being a Calvanistic Baptist. He is a member of the Crawfordsville Masonic lodge, having joined that order in 1857, and has taken every degree save the last. He is also an Odd-Fellow, joining the order in Crawfordsville in June 1848. Mr. Epperson was a democrat until 1856, casting his first presidential vote in 1840 for Martin Van Buren. He is now an earnest supporter and an unflinching defender of the principles of the republican party.

James H. Hall, farmer, Crawfordsville, was born in Warren county, Ohio, October 8, 1814. His parents, Thomas and Elizabeth (Williamson) Hall, were both born and reared in Shenandoah county, Virginia, and settled in an early day in Warren county, Ohio. In the fall of 1835 Mr. Hall emigrated to Union township, and improved the farm where he at present resides. It embraces 500 acres of neatly cultivated land, is well watered, improved by good buildings, situated four miles southwest of Crawfordsville, and valued at $28,000. Mr. Hall was first a whig, but when the part}' of his choice went to pieces he naturally fell into the ranks of its successor, the republican party. His father died in the autumn of 1840, and his mother survived a few years later. In 1841 (February 9) Mr. Hall was married to Miss Emma Price, who was born April 17, 1817. Their seven children were as follows: Sarah Elizabeth, Henry Clay, Mary Ellen, now Mrs. George McKinsey ; Taylor (deceased); Anna, wife of Sanford Nutt; Kellie, and George. Henry was born March 1, 1845. He enlisted in Co. K, 86th Ind. Vols., in 1862, for three years, but was soon stricken with lung fever, and at the end of three months was discharged. He was married March 21, 1872, to Miss Catherine Clodfelter, who was born Jan- nary 8, 1849. Her parents were Peter and Mary Clodfelter. The former came with his father from North Carolina when a small boy. Her parents became residents of Jackson township some forty years ago. Mr. and Mrs. Hall have two children : Edie, born April 13, 1873, and Carrie, born July 28, 1879.

Martin Van Hook (deceased) was born in Bourbon county, Kentucky, on a farm, January 1, 1802. After arriving at the age of maturity, he with his father moved to Harrison county. At Cynthia Ann, this county, he learned the plasterer's trade, and, in connection with farming, he followed the trade until October, 1834, at which time he emigrated to Montgomery county and settled on a farm one mile west of Crawfordsville, where he purchased 200 acres. The journey to Indiana was made in wagons, occupying three weeks time. Mr. Van Hook lived upon his farm until his death, February 14, 1859. He was a democrat, casting his first presidential vote for Gen. Jackson. He received such education as the common schools afforded, but was a man constantly studying and reading for himself, and was wide awake to all matters of public concern. He still followed his trade after settling in this county, with splendid success. He plastered Wabash College the first time. February 27, 1826, in Harrison county, Kentucky, near Cynthia Ann, he married Jane Craig, third daughter of John and Margaret (McLvain) Craig. Mrs. Van Hook was born Juno 1, 1808, in Harrison county, Kentucky, and had the advantages of a district school education. Her father, John Craig, was born in South Carolina, and finally settled in Harrison county, where he died May 22, 1825, a member of the Presbyterian church and a democrat. Her mother was a Presbyterian, and died February 22, 1825, the mother of eight children, three of whom are living: Moses Craig, of Missouri; Margaret Concheman, of Morgan county, Illinois, and Jane Van Hook, of Craw- fordsville. After the death of Mr. Van Hook his wife lived upon the farm until the fall of 1868, when she purchased city property and moved into it. She is the mother of sixteen children, four of whom are living: Barbara Ball, of White county ; Franklin P., in White county; William Henry, of Brown county, Kansas, and Andrew J., of this city. Mrs. Van Hook has living with her Laura A. Van Hook, her granddaughter.

Hon. William P. Britton. John and Sarah, the parents of the above named distinguished citizen of Montgomery county, came to Indiana from the State of Ohio in the spring of 1834, and settled on a small farm in Ripley township, about two miles west of the village of Yountsville. William P. is the second child of a family of eight children, and was born on June 11, 1835. When he became old enough he engaged with his father in pioneer farm work, assisting to roll logs, clear up the land, plough, sow, and harvest. At such times as he could be spared from the farm he attended school, usually for two or three months during the winter of each year, and occasionally for a month or so in the summer. Such was his experience until he reached the age of eighteen years. By that time he had acquired the rudiments of an English education. His parents being unable to provide him with any pecuniary aid, at this time he was permitted to leave home for the purpose of earning means to gain sufficient education to fit him for the legal profession. For several years he engaged in house-painting, clerking in stores, and finally concluding that those occupations would never afford the necessary means to the end he sought, he essayed the work of teaching a district school. Receiving a license to teach from Prof. J. L. Campbell, of Wabash College, then superintendent of schools for the county, he began, and taught with flattering success, his first public school in what was then known as the Herron school-house, in Ripley township. This was in the fall and winter of 1855—6. By boarding at home, and walking to and fro each day over two miles, he was able to lay by his entire earnings of $75. He continued teaching until the spring of 1863, and when not so engaged attended Wabash College. In his career as teacher he made many warm and lasting friendships with his pupils and their parents, and the pleasant intercourse of those years is cherished by him among the dearest memories of his life, and the esteem of his former pupils is valued next only to the love of kindred. In 1861 and 1862 he attended the law department of Michigan University, and returning home in the spring of 1863 he opened an office for legal practice in Crawfordsville, having as a partner James M. Spillman. The new firm waited for clients all spring, summer, and fall, and when the " winter of their discontent " set in, the clientless firm dissolved in disgust; the entire proceeds of the business during the whole time amounting to $10. As the law looked so unpromising, Mr. Britton opened an office for the collection of soldiers' claims, and by liberal advertising ,and close attention to business, in a short time plenty of clients were gained whose cases were successfully prosecuted. While still engaged in this business, in 1864, he was appointed school examiner for Montgomery county, in which responsible capacity he served three years. At the close of this service he was elected trustee of Union township, and remained in office one year. In 1873 he formed a partnership for the practice of law with M. W. Bruner, under the firm name of Britton & Bruner. The firm acquired a large and lucrative practice, and continued until dissolved in September 1879, at which date Mr. Britton entered upon the duties of judge of the circuit court, having been elected to that office in the fall of 1878 over the Hon. T. N. Rice, of Rockville, in the twenty-second judicial circuit, composed of the counties of Parke and Montgomery. Judge Britton is tall, slender, and straight as an Indian, and his quick, elastic walk is characteristic of energy and enthusiasm; he has dark eyes, jet black hair with a strong tendency to curl, and a remarkably fair complexion. In 1868 he was married to Elizabeth, youngest daughter of Chilion Johnson, one of the pioneers of Crawfordsville. In politics Judge Britton has always affiliated with the democratic party, although he was never a violent partisan, and has friends in all parties. As a jurist his keen perceptive faculties, conjoined to a habit of analysis, and his studious disposition, have already established for him a reputation second to none in this state.

Jasper N. Davidson, farmer and stock raiser, Whitesville, is one of the prominent and successful men of Union township. He was born in Montgomery county, Indiana, February 5, 1834. His mother, Amanda (Snorf) Davidson, died July 17, 1838. Her grandfather and grandmother were born on the river Rhine, Germany. His father, William F. Davidson, was born in Pennsylvania June 27, 1798. He emigrated to Butler county, Ohio, and in 1828 settled on Sec. 34, Union township, Montgomery county, Indiana. He came to this county first on foot, in company with John McCane. He was a millwright by trade, and had seven uncles in the revolutionary war. William F. Davidson began in this county with 50 cents in money and became one of the prosperous and successful farmers of the county. He earned the money that he paid for his first land with by working on the Cincinnati and Dayton canal at $9 per month. He died February 1, 1864. J. N. Davidson, the subject of this sketch, went to school in the days of log school-houses and slab benches, and when they received the rays of the sunlight through greased paper. He lived at home for many years after he was of age. He was married May 27, 1862, to Miss L. J. Huff. She was born May 27, 1844. They have two children : Julia A., born April 2, 1863 ; William A., August 27,1867. Julia is a graduate of the Ladoga Central Normal school. Mr. Davidson is one of the prosperous and successful farmers of Montgomery county. He has a good farm of 284 acres, well fenced, and having about five miles of tile. He has a nice two-story dwelling house, beautifully situated on an elevated spot. Mr. Davidson is president of the Montgomery County Agricultural Society, and has always adhered to the principles of the democratic party. He is liberal, and takes an interest in everything that is for the good and progress of the country. Mr. Davidson is a man of intelligence, honesty, and influence.

David Henry Davidson, farmer and stock raiser, Whitesville, was born July 26, 1852, and is the brother of Jasper N. Davidson. He had a good common education. His mother died when he was two years and six months, and his father when he was eleven years old. At the age of sixteen he went in partnership at farming with his brother, William S. Mr. Davidson now has 201J acres of good land, and resides on the old homestead, the place where he was born. He was married November 12, 1874, to Miss Saloma E. Harshbarger. She was born January 11, 1854. They have three boys: Warner M., born September 23, 1875 Homer J., July 21, 1876; Cline F., August 16, 1879. Mr. Davidson is a member of the Detective Association, a democrat, and has been a successful farmer. He is a great reader and a valuable member of the community in which he lives.

John Speed, deceased, was born in Perthshire, Scotland, in 1801. His father was a miller, but John served a seven years' apprenticeship to a stone-cutter, then two years as a journeyman. He was then considered a master of his trade and entitled to full pay. He was married to Margaret Baxter, who was born in Edinburgh in 1803. Mr. Speed, in 1828, sailed for Newfoundland, leaving his wife and one child, Margaret, in Edinburgh. He worked for a time, but soon set sail in a codfish schooner for Philadelphia. In one year from the time of his departure from Scotland Mrs. Speed and child joined him in Philadelphia. They then departed to Norfolk and remained a few years, and next removed to Washington and lived several years, employed on public buildings. He expended labor on the stone steps of the Capitol, and also on the east steps of the White House. This was during Jackson's administration. Hearing there was to be a new state house erected in Indiana, he started for that place in a spring wagon over the mountains and rough roads. On arriving at Indianapolis, in 1834, he learned to his sore disappointment that the building was to be of material different from what he had supposed would be used. Disappointed, he wandered over the northern part of the state, and decided to locate at Crawfordsville, which he immediately did by bringing his family hither. News came to him that North Carolina was to have a new state house. He immediately set out on foot and walked to Raleigh, North Carolina, via the Cumberland Gap. While there he superintended the construction of that edifice. He planned the stairs and patented the invention. After completing his work he returned to Crawfordsville on foot. During his absence Mrs. Speed had purchased the town property now occupied by their son, Bruce Speed, and also a large piece of land in Parke county which he had expressed his desire to own when he was looking for a location, on account of the stone he might obtain, but he never quarried it. After returning he superintended the construction of the national macadamized road east of Terre Haute, but the failure to secure appropriations caused the project to be abandoned, and the road thus far constructed was left in an uncompleted state. He closed his career January 1, 1873. He had toiled all through life, yet through his extreme liberality he had amassed but very little of worldly goods. In politics he was a radical Jackson democrat, then became an intense abolitionist, then a whig, and finally a republican. He favored the freedom of the slave, took a large interest in the underground railroad scheme, and in the garret of his house many of those downtrodden people have found shelter from the hand of tyranny. At one time the garret was so full that to prevent suspicion that he was harboring anyone he bought twenty-five cents' worth of bread, then required his children to purchase a like amount each, until he obtained sufficient food for his attic visitors. At the first election for an abolition president, John Speed and Fisher Dougherty cast the only votes in support of that candidate in the county.

Mr. Speed was a man of a wonderful memory ; was a great lover of history, a fair architect; was moral, liberal, strict in integrity and true to his country, and was a member of the early lodge of Odd-Fellows of Crawfordsville. Mr. Speed left wife and children. Mrs. Speed died March 1, 1878. She was raised a Scotch Presbyterian, but later in life leaned toward the Church of England, into which church she had her children baptized. Their children were Margaret (now Mrs. Jesse Cumberland), Cecelia and Frank (deceased), Sidney and Robert Bruce, living in.Crawfordsville. Sidney was born June 25, 1846, in Crawfords- ville. He was educated in the common schools, also attended Wabash College in 1860 and 1861. In June, 1862, he enlisted in the 18th Ind. Bat. and served three years. He was in the army of the Cumberland, Wilder's brigade, whom the rebels called " Wilder's Hellians." This brigade was transferred to Cook's division, Wilson's cavalry corps. Mr. Speed was in all the battles of the Cumberland army except Nashville and Stone River, as well as a few others. Returning home in 1865, he entered college again, but in 1867 he went west. Returning shortly, he embarked in the manufacture of drain tile, then became a sewing machine agent, then manager of the Howe Sewing Machine company in the cities of Terre Haute, Frankfort, and Logansport, successively. In 1875 he began his present business in stone-cutting and dealing in marble and granite tomb-stones. Later he was also engaged in stone masonry. He was married June 25, 1872, to Margaret Seim- antel of Lawrenceburg, Indiana. They have one child, Mabel.

George W. Hutton, farmer, Crawfordsville, was born January 18, 1825, in Rockbridge county, Virginia, and here resided until he was six years old, at which time he was taken to Green county, Ohio, where he remained three years, at the expiration of which time he came to this county. His education is such as might be obtained by an observant scholar at the common schools. He began farming for himself at the age of twenty-one. March 5, 1846, he was married to Minerva J. McDaniel, whose parents, John and Elizabeth McDaniel, came from Kentucky. Mrs. Hutton was born September 4, 1824, and died March 17, 1873. She was first a member of the Methodist church, and then the Christian. They had three children, William P., Tilman H. and Martha E., first two of whom are dead. Mr. Hutton married again, March 25, 1874, Miss Mary E. Deitrick, who was born March 29, 1840. She is a member of the Christian church. Mr. Hutton began farming with comparatively nothing, but by energy, economy and industry he has been quite successful, being the possessor of 173 acres of splendid land. In 1871, when the Crawfordsville and Concord turnpike was built, he invested $500 in the stock, and has continued to purchase shares until he is the owner of over four-fifths of the capital, the whole being worth over $5,000. The road was built for the purpose of giving to the citizens a highway that was in a good condition to be traveled upon any season of the year, and has proved a success, having paid for itself and its repairs. Mr. Hutton is quite a stock raiser aiid grower of small fruits. His two-story dwelling erected last year is one of the most complete in the neighborhood. He is a member of the Christian church, and a stalwart republican. In January, 1878, he and his wife visited their old home in Virginia and heartily enjoyed the hospitality of many an old "chum." In 1875 he made an extensive tour through the west, and upon his return brought many new, practical ideas of husbandry, which amply repaid every expense.

Isaac Rich, farmer, Crawfordsville, was born in Randolph county, North Carolina, in 1812. In 1816 he went with his parents to "Warren county, Ohio, and lived there until 1834, when he settled in Montgomery county. He was once justice of the peace two years. He was married in 1833 to Emelia Hall. She died August 8, 1880, and was a member of the Methodist church. They have two children, James and Nancy. The latter was married to Samuel Irwin. He was a republican and a Methodist, and died in 1872, leaving four children: John, Isaac, Mary, and Maggie. Mr. Isaac Rich has 225 acres of land and has given each of his children eighty acres. He is a Methodist, a strong republican, and a much respected old gentleman.

Alexander Thomson, retired, Crawfordsville, was born January 15, 1812, in Hamilton county, Ohio, in a small town called Springfield, since Springdale. His parents, John and Nancy (Steele) Thomson, were among the early settlers of Crawfordsville, having arrived here some time in 1834. John Thomson was born in Pennsylvania, whither his grandparents (Thomsons) had come from Ireland. He then spent some years in Kentucky, and in 1800 emigrated to Ohio, where he spent many years in the Presbyterian ministry in Miami county. Here he labored in the early work of the church for thirty years, until he came to Crawfordsville. His life was unusually long, his death not occurring until he reached his eighty-sixth year. His wife, Mrs. Nancy Thomson, died in her seventy-fifth year. Both were highly respected citizens and earnest Christian people. Alexander Thomson, son of the above, passed many of his youthful days on a farm, but improved a part of each year in storing knowledge and fitting himself for a career of future usefulness. He attended Miami University. In 1835, on account of the sickness of his brother, he was called home to Crawfordsville, and although he had reached the senior year, he never returned to his alma mater. For several years Mr. Thomson clerked, then engaged in the county clerk's office, and afterward studied law, which he made his profession for thirty years, becoming one of the eminent members of the Crawfordsville bar. For nearly thirty years lie has been connected with the board of trustees of Wabash College, and is at present financial agent and treasurer of the same, which position he has filled for fifteen years. Politically, Mr. Thomson was a whig, but with the advent of republicanism he became a staunch supporter of that party. On December 31, 1840, he was married to Miss Crawford, daughter of Alex. Crawford, an early settler of this city. She was born in 1812. They have three children : Everett B., Henry R. and Edwin P. All the family are members of the Presbyterian church. Everett B., now a Presbyterian minister, is located at Piqua, Ohio. Henry R., professor of chemistry, is in Wabash College, and Edwin P. is studying for the Presbyterian ministry.

Samuel W. Austin, bookkeeper, Crawfordsville, a native of Garret county, Kentucky, was born November 18, 1818. His father, John B. Austin, born in Virginia in 1787, was one of the early school teachers and a Baptist minister. He early went to Kentucky, and in October, 1828, came to Montgomery county, Indiana, and settled one and a half miles west of Crawfordsville. Ill health obliged him to follow light labor. In 1841 he was elected Montgomery county's first auditor, which office he honorably filled for fourteen continuous years. He was a democrat, but whisky or no whisky becoming the the issue, and the democracy advocating the former, Mr. Austin left his party and allied himself with the temperance party, which soon after merged into the republican party. He died in September 1868. His wife, Nancy (Vanhook), was born in Virginia in 1788, was also a member of the Baptist church. She died in February 1852. Samuel W. Austin passed the first fourteen years of his life on the farm, and then became a merchant's boy, and in 1841 was employed in the auditor's office with his father, remaining there until 1854. He then became bookkeeper for Campbell, Galey & Harter, and held the situation twelve years. On January 1, 1868, after having been idle for a time, he accepted the position of bookkeeper in the First National Bank of Crawfordsville, which is still his occupation. Although Mr. Austin has used the pen almost continually for over forty years, his nerves are still steady and strong. His knowledge of bookkeeping and commercial forms he has acquired in actual business, never having attended other than the common school, and since his fourteenth year two terms at the county seminary in 1836. Mr. Austin was first a whig in politics and cast his first vote for Harrison, but with the germination of republicanism he adopted its principles, and will never mix his northern oil with southern water. He sent one son, Archelaus, to the civil war. He has been married three times, lastly, March 5, 1870, to Matilda, daughter of John Swearingen, of Crawfordsville. His first family numbered five children, and his second one child. He is a member of the order of Odd-Fellows.

Joseph Smith, farmer and stock raiser, Crawfordsville, was born near Lebanon, Warren county, Ohio, June 14, 1821. His father, Robert Smith, was born in 1799 and died in 1865. He was a native of North Carolina, but when about twelve years of age, he with his parents, moved to Warren county, Ohio, about ten miles east of Lebanon. His father's name was John and his mother's Phoebe. John died in Ohio, while his wife died in Montgomery county, at the home of her son. Mr. Smith came to this county in 1835, previous to which time he had been engaged in farming and teaming. The journey was made in wagons, occupying] fourteen days. Upon his arrival he settled three quarters of a mile southwest of Tountsville, where he had purchased 240 acres of land at $16 per acre, and here lived until his death. At the age of eighteen he married Hannah Williamson, who was born in Shenandoah county, Virginia, in 1790 and died in 1870 a member of the Methodist church. They became the parents of ten children, five of whom came from Ohio in the wagon. Joseph Smith lived with his parents until his twenty-fourth year, and after his marriage moved on Sec. 16, where he resided eighteen months. He then returned to the home place and was engaged in farming fourteen years, having previously purchased the north half of it. He then traded this land and some other property for 433 acres on Mill creek, known as the Herron farm, valued at $16,000. After residing upon it eight years he moved to his present beautiful and finely located home, in February 1870. The fall of 1873 he erected one of the finest dwellings west of the city, two stories high, 32x46 feet, and other improvements amounting to $6,000. The home place consists of 212 acres. He also owns 148 acres of the Herron farm, having given the remainder to his children. May 6, 1845, in Ripley township, he was married to Martha J. Gass, who was born in October, 1821, in east Tennessee. They became the parents of six children: Margaret, Howard, Hannah, John B., George W. and Frank, all of whom are married save John and George. Mrs. Smith died May 19, 1870, a member of the United Brethren church. Mr. Smith married a second time, October 20, 1873, Lydia Steel, in Henry county, Indiana, near Knightstown. They became the parents of one child, Claud, who died January 14, 1876. He is a democrat and his wife a member of the Presbyterian church.

William R. Stitt, farmer and stock raiser, Crawfordsville, was born April 3, 1835, in the place where he now lives. He had a common school education and has always been a farmer. He has 120 acres of land one and a half miles from the city. He is a Mason, Odd-Fellow, Good Templar, republican, a member of the Detective Association, and of the Methodist church. Mr. Stitt and his sisters, Sarah R. and Rebecca J., live together on the " old homestead." His father, Judge James Stitt, was the oldest son of Robert and Jane Stitt. He was born in Grayson county, Virginia. He came west at a very early day, and had gone on through the south. He bought land in Washington county, then went to Virginia, and afterward came back to Indiana. He entered 160 acres in this county, where his son now lives. It had upon it a good mill- seat, and he soon built a mill which he ran till the Black Hawk war. He was associate judge of Montgomery county for twenty-one years, and was elected for seven years more, when he died in 1844. He was an able judge, a member of the Methodist church, a strong temperance man, and an honored citizen. He had a good education for his day, and was a man of extensive information. He was married in 1818 to Miss Mary F. Richardson. She was a member of the Methodist church and died in 1871. They had seven children. The Stitts came from Ireland to this country at an early day, and the grandfather of Judge Stitt was in the revolutionary war, and was put in prison, where he suffered much and was liberated by his uncle, an officer in the British army.

James H. Watson, carriage-maker, Crawfordsville, is one of the enterprising firm of Watson, Coutaut & Co. This firm manufacture all kinds of carriages and buggies, employing twelve workmen. Their trade has assumed such proportions that they can but little more than supply ordered work. Their establishment is on Green street opposite the city buildings. Mr. Watson is a native of Crawfordsville and was born November 9, 1836. His father, William P. Watson, a tanner by trade, was a native of Ohio, and his mother, Eliza A. (Westlake), was born in New York. In 1836 he came to Crawfordsville and engaged in the dry-goods business. In 1842 he was appointed postmaster, which office he held for ten or twelve years. Leaving the postoffice he opened a tannery, which he con- tinned for ten years, then engaged in the saddlery and harness trade. He died in November 1875. He was a democrat all his life and served two terms as county commissioner. James H. spent fifteen years with his uncle, James Watson, of Crawfordsville, in the pork packing business. In 1861 he enlisted in Co. G, 10th Ind., under Capt. Manson. Mr. Watson entered the service as first lieutenant, but Capt. Manson being promoted to the position of colonel the first lieutenant was promoted to the captaincy. He enlisted for three months, but was not discharged for four months, or after the battle of Rich Mountain. Leaving the army, Mr. Watson worked one year in a tobacco house in Louisville, returned to his home, and soon after was engaged as clerk for Robins & Reynolds in the hotel at Terre Haute. He then became dep"uty in the auditor's office, and in November, 1871, was elected county auditor, which office he held till 1879 with honor and credit. After three weeks' vacation he associated himself with his present partners in the carriage business. He has been a life-long democrat. Mr. Watson was married January 15, 1S67, to Elizabeth Reynolds, of Fountain county. He is now an officer in the Montgomery County Agricultural Society, and an influential citizen.

Willis Jackman, farmer and stock raiser, Crawfordsville, was born in Union township February 12, 1836. His father, James A. Jackman. settled in this county about 1830. He was a millwright, and built about all the wooden mills on Sugar creek. He learned his trade in Pennsylvania and then emigrated to Indianapolis, Indiana, where he traded for four acres of land which is now the central portion of the city. It was afterward sold for taxes, together with two or three dwellings that had been erected upon it. He was born September 1, 1794, and departed this life February 21, 1878. He was a gallant soldier in the war of 1812, and a man of firmness and positive convictions. He was a staunch member of the Christian church and a member of the whig party until its death, in 1852, at which time he united with that conscientious set of men who afterward joined together and formed the republican party, and was one of the strongest supporters of this organization until his decease. His mother, Hannah (Reed) Jackman, was born in Gerard county, Kentucky, and is still living at the advanced age of seventy-four years. She is also a member of the Christain church. Mr. Jack- man's entire life has been spent upon a farm. His educational advantages were meager enough. Only the roughest days of winter was he permitted to sit upon the old slab benches in the pioneer log cabin school-room. He commenced farming for himself at twenty- two, and was married in 1858 to Miss Susan Flanigan, who was born February 26, 1838, and is now a member of the Christian church. By this union they have become the parents of eight children, three of whom are dead : James A., Lillie I., Harrison M., Charles, John M., Frank, Carrie and Archibald. Mr. Jackman began life with nothing, but now owns 156 acres of land six miles from Crawfords- ville and three from Darlington. He is a Good Templar and a member of the Detective Association. Mr. Jackman claims never to have entered a saloon in his life. He is a member of the Christian church and a member of the national party, formerly a republican. He is a well posted, thinking man, quite a reader, and one alive to all questions of public concern.

Samuel M. Hutton, farmer, Crawfordsville, was born near Lexington, Rockbridge county, Virginia, October 23, 1821. At an early age he moved with his parents to Green county, Ohio, and lived there three years, and in 1836 settled on Sec. 28 in Union township. They came in a four-horse wagon, over muddy roads, rough hills, and through the woody wilderness, being twenty-one days on the road. His father's name was William, and he was born in 1777, and died in 1837. He was a member of the Presbyterian church, a Jackson democrat, and was in the war of 1812. His mother's name was Mary. She was born in 1790, and died in 1846. Mr. Hntton's grandfather, William Hutton, was in the revolutionary war. Mr. Hutton having always lived on the farm, had such limited advantages of education as could be obtained from the old log school- house, with its antiquated schoolmaster. He began farming for himself when twenty-one years old, with very little means, but now has a good farm of 202 1/2 acres of good land, and is a successful and enterprising farmer. He was county commissioner three years, is an elder in the Christian church, and in politics is an enthusiastic republican, although he was raised a democrat. When he came to this county the people did all their marketing at La Fayette. Mr. Hutton took two shares in the !N"ew Albany railroad, and paid for them in ties hewn from his own timber. He was married February 9, 1843, to Miss Mary Ann Harland, who was born in 1825. They have seven children, James G., Alexander P., John M., Mary M., Emily J., Martha F. and George W. Mr. Hutton has a nice residence, and has lived on his present place twenty years, and is a respected and valued citizen.

John H. Shue, grocer, Crawfordsville, was born March 29, 1821, in Onondaga county, New York, and is the son of Peter and Jane (Hendricks) Shue. His parents were natives of Germany, and came when children, with their parents, to America. Both families settled at Catskill, the Hendricks remaining there, while the Shues removed to Christian Hollow, twelve miles south of Saratoga. In 1836 Mr. Shue's parents came to Montgomery county and settled three miles north of Crawfordsville, where his father, Peter Shue, died of lung fever. His mother then returned to New York, where she died in January 1837. They were both members of the Baptist church. John H. was fifteen years old when his father died. He earned his livelihood by working on a farm, or anything he could get to do. At seventeen years he became clerk in the store of John Garvey, in the first buildirig erected on the corner of Market and Washington streets. He then taught for a time, but being desirous of a better education, and learning that there was a good high school at Edwardsburg, Michigan, he determined to work his way into and through that institution. Accordingly he went to Edwardsburg, and entering a hotel inquired of the clerk whether or not he knew of any one who wanted some one to do chores for board while he (the boy) might go to school. The clerk replied he did not. A gentleman, whose name John afterward leadi^d vfas Thomas Edwards, jumping from his seat, asked the youth where he was from. Young Shue answered, from Indiana. "Why," said the gentleman, "do they want to learn anything down in Indiana ? You were not born there, were you ?" Upon the answer that he was born in New York, the gentleman, pointing to a very nice residence, told the youth to call there at 4 o'clock, and perhaps he could stay there. At the appointed time, young Shue called, and who should meet him at the door but the same gentleman whom he had met in the hotel. Here a pleasant home was found, and for three years John H. Shue lived and attended the high school. Returning to Crawfordsville, Mr. Shue worked for $10 per month, and taught school till he numbered his thirteenth term. In 1856 he bought the interest of John Robinson in the dry-goods business. In 1866 the stock was burned, but insurance saved him. For the benefit of his health he engaged in farming, but in 1875 he purchased one-fourth interest in the Union Block and opened a grocery store. The firm is now Shue & Dennis. They transact a business of about $50,000 to $60,000 per year. Mr. Shue has been three times married; lastly, to Cintha A. Vanghan, of Montgomery county, in 1865. They have one child, Anna. Mr. and Mrs. Shue are members of the Baptist church. He has been a democrat, but is now conservative, voting for men rather than party. He is a member of the Knight's Templar society.

W. i. Krug, sheriff of Montgomery county, Crawfordsville, was born June 3, 1814, in York, Pennsylvania, and is the son of William A. and Elizabeth (Jones) Krug. His father was born in Lancaster, September 17, 1790, and his mother in York, Pennsylvania. The latter died in 1855, but the former still lives in Montgomery county at a very advanced age. Mr. Krug Sr. is a saddler and harness maker by trade. He was early a whig but later a republican. He emigrated to Ohio in 1821, and to Montgomery county in February, 1838, and settled in Coal Creek township, where he bought a section of land. They had a family of nineteen children. Mr. and Mrs. Krug were Episcopalians. His father came from Germany, and his mother's people from England. William J., son of the above, spent part of his youth on the farm and part in the saddlery and harness shop, beginning the latter trade when fourteen or fifteeen years old. He worked at this for thirty years. For some time he solicited subscriptions for tombstones, as agent for Lewis & White, of Indianapolis, and was very successful in the undertaking. In 1876 he was elected,by the republicans, sheriff, by 177 majority over William Lee, a very strong candidate, and in 1878 reflected by a majority of over 700 votes, while the county was about 300 democratic. Mr. Krug is now tired of political life and will retire soon to his farm. During the late war Mr. Krug served about eleven months under Capt. Lily, as senior saddleman in the 18th Ind. Bat. Mr. Krug was married April 13, 1834, to Kezia, daughter of Robert McCain, of Butler county, Ohio. They have had ten children, two dead and eight living. He is a Mason, a Good Templar, and a Son of Temperance. His father was a strong churchman, and a man of strict integrity, whose word was as good as his bond.

J. W. Ramsay, mayor of Crawfordsville, was born June 2, 1839, in Montgomery county, Indiana. His father, Robert M. Ramsay, was born in Kentucky, 1804, became a brick-mason, and afterward a merchant at Parkersburg, then Russell ville, and is now a pork packer. He came to Indiana in an early day and settled near Portland mills, Putnam county, and afterward settled in Montgomery county, his residence now being Crawfordsville. The mother of the subject of this sketch, Mavina S. (Harris) Ramsay, was born in Tennessee. Her grandfather was a captain in the revolutionary war. The Ramsays are of Scotch descent. J. W. Ramsay was schooled at Wave- land Academy, then Wabash College, and afterward studied law with Hon. Henry S. Lane and Col. Wilson for two years, from 1859 to 1861. April 14, 1861, on the Sunday evening after the American flag was insulted at Fort Sumter, he enlisted in the llth Ind., Wallace's Zouaves, served three months, was then made adjutant in the 51st Ind.,in which positionhe served two years, and was then detailed as assistant adjutant general to Gen. Barker's staff, in which capacity he served to the end of the war. His Union principles were tried and proven in the battles of Romney, Kelley's Island, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, siege of Corinth, Franklin, Hall's Gap, and others. At Shiloh he was severely wounded, and still suffers from its effects. At Appomattox Court House he was discharged, at the close of the war, and returned to his home at Crawfordsville. Soon after returning he was elected justice of the peace, for which office his knowledge of law well fitted him. He was continued as such till 1876, when he was elected mayor of Crawfordsville, and reflected in 1878. When he assumed the responsibilities of his office he found the city with a debt of over $20,000. Under his official supervision this debt has been entirely liquidated, new streets opened, and other improvements made, and the city is more prosperous than ever before. He is now negotiating with different parties for a system of water-works. He has always been active in the republican ranks, a prominent citizen, and has made his own mark in life. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias society, and a Good Templar. In the latter lodge he was grand worthy secretary for two terms, and represented the State of Indiana in the Bight Worthy Grand Lodge at Michigan in 1879. October 7, 1872, Mr. Ramsay was married to Miss Alice Rice, daughter of Mrs. Mary Rice, of Crawfordsville.

Robert S. Jones (colored), farmer, Crawfordsville, was born September 2, 1818, in Butler county, Ohio. His father, John Jones, was a native of Kentucky and a slave there until twenty-two years of age, when his master, removing to Ohio, gave him his freedom. His mother was born in Maryland and a slave also until she was eight or ten years old. Her master coming to Ohio, freed her. Her name was Dorthy K. Sampson. John and Dorthy were married in Ohio, and in 1840 emigrated to Montgomery county, Indiana, and bought six acres of land three-quarters of a mile east of Crawfordsville, where they lived until death. He died in 1853, and she in 1855. Both were Old School Presbyterians, and he was a republican. Robert S. attended school sufficiently to enable him to read, write, and cipher, which little learning he prizes highly. He was married in Ohio, March 10, 1836, to Dilly Henderson, who had been a slave until eight years old, in North Carolina, and had come to the west with her master, with whom she lived until her marriage, at the age of twenty years. In 1839 Mr. and Mrs. Jones moved to Montgomery county, Indiana, bringing two children: John F. and Silva A. They rented eighty acres west of Crawfordsville twelve years. He then bought forty acres in Walnut township, and sold that and bought ninety acres northeast of Crawfordsville. He has since sold seven arid one- half acres, rents out part, and farms the balance. His first wife died September 9, 1842, leaving two children, William P. and Abby M., besides the two mentioned. She was a member of the African Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Jones was next married to Susan McKee, of Crawfordsville, who died April 5, 1871. She was also a Methodist. There were eight living children in the second family. Mr. Jones was a member of the first African Methodist Episcopal class in Montgomery county, contributed the first timber toward the church, has been trustee over twenty-seven years, and class leader three years. He is a Mason and a warm republican and lover of Lincoln.

Jacob Davis, deceased. Among those men who have left marks of their effort in Crawfordsville, and have figured prominently in the bnsj streets of this industrious city, the name of Jacob Davis is by no means forgotten. He had worked, not only with muscle, for this had been guided by an active brain, and visible signs of his success in life is shown by a pleasant home and a competency for his family. Jacob Davis was born October 29, 1817, in a rural district of Butler county, Ohio. His parents, Randolph and Abigail (Hoel) Davis, were natives of New Jersey, and came to Ohio prior to their marriage, becoming Ohio farmers. Jacob learned early the real meaning of the word "toil." He grew to manhood, and by improving the limited educational advantages secured education sufficient to enable him to teach public school, which he followed for some time. He became quite an active trader in stock and was for some time a partner of Jacob D. Early, of Terre Haute, in the pork business. In the prime of life Mr. Davis cast his lot in Crawfordsville, first purchasing the warehouse at the north end of Washington street. Here he dealt in grain extensively, first in partnership with John Shwitzer. For eighteen years he owned the warehouse. Toward the close of this period he was associated in the grain trade with his brother, Isaac Davis, and with Gen. M. D. Manson, present auditor of state. He also traded largely in grain in Chicago. During the war Mr. Davis speculated in gold stocks. His life was emphatically one of trade, and by good judgment his trade-life was a grand success. In the winter of 1875 he took a severe cold, producing lung and typhoid fever, which resulted in his death April 21, 1876. A short time before demise he requested the presence of Rev. Reece Davis, a Baptist minister of Indianapolis, whom he greatly admired. At his request also his remains were laid to rest by the Masonic fraternity, in which society he had been a prominent member, and had been worshipful master for years. Although not connected with any church he was a man of strict integrity and morals. In politics he was republican, but never sought political preferment. Prior to his marriage he was colonel of the state militia. March 10, 1853, he was married, at the age of thirty-five, to Elizabeth Allen, daughter of the Hon. Joseph and Margara (James) Allen, and who had, when ten years of age, been his pupil in the public school. She was born November 21, 1829, in Kentucky, the native state of her parents. The Aliens came to Montgomery county in 1833, and settled in Brown township on the farm on which they died. Joseph Allen was a prominent democrat. He served as justice of the peace for many years, was sheriff four years and represented his friends in the state senate when the constitution of Indiana was revised. He also was a member of the state legislature for some time. He was a prominent Mason. He died January 29, 1871, and his wife followed May 1, 1875. She was a member of the Baptist church. Both were widely known and highly respected citizens. Mrs. Davis now resides in Crawfordsville with her four children: Isaac M., Joseph A., Mary I. and Charles E. An infant, and Jacob F. (three years old), deceased. The children were born in Crawfordsville. Isaac M. was born December 31, 1853. He was educated at Wabash College, and from 1874 to'1875 he read law with White and Cowan. In 1876 he graduated from the law department of the Iowa State University, and the same year settled in Crawfordsville for the practice of his profession. He was admitted to the bar in the fall of 1876, and was the first to be admitted to practice in the new court-house of this city. He has remained alone in his practice and occupies the office in No. 16 Binford'sblock.

Bartholomew Demoret, farmer, North Union, born in Butler county, Ohio, October 15, 1832, was the son of Samuel B. and Rebecca (Bolsar) Demoret. His grandfather Demoret was a Frenchman. In 1845 the family came to Union township, where his father survives at the advanced age of eighty-three. Except two years that this subject lived in Brown, his home has been in this township since he arrived in the county. He is a republican, " red hot," as he terms his politics. His first marriage was with Mary Ann Whitenack, and occurred February 12, 1856. She was born February 18, 1836, and died November 5, 1864. Her four children were: James Franklin, born August 11, 1857; Samantha Ellen, born October 11, 1859; Samuel B., born March 30, 1861; Francona A., born September 20. 1862. On December 5, 1867, he was married to Phebe T. Eliza Clouse, who was born June 17, 1846. The children by this marriage have been: Sidney, born October 30,1868; Andrew, born August 25, 1870; Casady, born October 26, 1872; Flora, born September 2, 1874, died November 5, 1874; Icey, born October 22, 1875, and Claud, born September 10, 1879. Mrs. Demoret belongs to the United Brethren church. Her grandfather, George W. Clouse, and Henry Ruffner, came here from Kentucky with Henry Liter, whose biography and portrait will be found in this work.

Mrs. Martha Mullen, was born May 24, 1839, in Montgomery county. Her father, Zopher Ball, was one of the early settlers in this county. Her grandfather was probate judge of the county for several years. She was married January 17, 1869, to John Buck. He was born August 24, 1824, and died July 27, 1877. He was surveyor of Montgomery county twenty-one years, and was a valuable and efficient officer. In politics he was a democrat. She has three children : Anna, Emma, and John. She was married the second time, January 14, 1880, to Daniel K. Mullin. He was born June 22, 1831, and for years was a trader in stock. Mrs. Mullen is an active, energetic woman.

Samuel Fullen, deceased, was of English and Irish stock, and was born in Virginia, January 22, 1799. In his infancy his parents emigrated to Knoxville, Tennessee, where they remained until he was eight years old; then removing, settled at Connersville, Fayette county, Indiana, and subsequently fixed their home in Marion county, thus making their residence in the northwest territory some eight years prior to the admission of Indiana as a state into the Union. Capt. Fullen was married October 2, 1817, to Miss Annie Pogue, daughter of George Pogue, a famous western adventurer, and one of the earliest settlers of Indianapolis. She was born in South Carolina July 15,1797. It is believed that her father was killed by the Indians. His horses were stolen by them, and he went in pursuit, but nothing was ever afterward heard of him. The neighbors followed hard upon the depredators and retook the animals. The wife of Pogue was Miss Cassa A. Paine, who was born, according to the most reliable account, September 7, 1769. Her death occurred in this county October 9, 1861, at the extreme age of ninety-two years, one month and two days. Her remains were deposited in Oak Hill cemetery. Capt. Fullen was a militia officer in the days when musters and trainings were all in fashion. In Marion county he held the office of justice of the peace many years. He was a strong believer in universal salvation, and after his settlement in this county, in 1840, took the pulpit, and labored with more or less regularity until 1845 to disseminate this favorite doctrine. In politics he could justly boast with pride that he was a Jackson democrat; and, like most of the venerable men of that school of belief, he was active and influential in his party. He often took the stump, and in 1856 labored in this way in that memorable canvass with more than his ordinary zeal. He made his living by farming. He began poor, but acquired a fair competence, and at his death, which occurred April 7, 1876, left a good farm of 160 acres, three miles north of Crawfordsville.

He enjoyed the respect of a numerous acquaintance, and was widely known for his integrity, intelligence, and general worth as a citizen. His wife, a kindly and estimable woman, in whom were the graces of cheerfulness, frugality and tender benevolence, survived him but a short time. She went peacefully to rest on the 19th of August, 1877, and was laid with the other members of the family, who are buried in Oak Hill cemetery. The children by these parents were fifteen in number, as follows: Amanda, wife of the Rev. Daniel Vines, of Fayette county, Iowa; Emaline, now Mrs. Seth Curtis, of Douglas county, Minnesota; Melinda, relict of Harvey Montgomery; Lucinda, wife of John Alexander, of Tama county, Iowa; Matilda, born February 20, 1820, and died July 17, 1845, married Thomas Hanks, who also died many years ago; Cassa A., born November 2, 1825, and died December 16, 1871, married Peter Sandoe, who died in the army; Samuel J., born March 26, 1827, and died April 26, 1S43 ; Charles M.; Louisana, now Mrs. Joseph Alexander, of Worth county, Missouri; Andrew Jackson; Martin Van Buren, born January 16, 1833, and died January 30, 1868; Stincy, wife of John J. Darter; Elizabeth, died in infancy ; Thomas H.B., and John W., June 5, 1868. John W. Fullen was appointed by the commissioners school examiner of Montgomery county, and filled the office with much ability for three years. In the autumn of the same year he was also appointed superintendent of the public schools of the city of Crawfordsville, the first who ever held that office, and performed its duties with unqualified satisfaction four years. He retired during the school years 1872 and 1873, but in the summer of the last named year was recalled by the trustees, and occupied this responsible ppsition two years longer. He organized and graded the schools for the city, and instituted the admirable system by which they are now governed, and the youth receiving efficient instruction. We properly close this family sketch with the following obituary, written by-the brother of the deceased, Prof. J. W. Fullen, and which appeared in the Crawfordsville "Review" the week succeeding the announcement of his death: "We are pained to announce the death of Martin V. Fullen, son of Samuel and Annie Fullen, of this county, who died suddenly of cholera on the 30th day of January, 1868, at Buenos Ayres, South America. He left home in the spring of 1854, at the age of twenty- one, and died in his thirty-sixth year, after an absence of fourteen years without a returning visit to friends and home. For some five or six years previous to his death, Mr. Fullen had been in the employ of the United States minister to Paraguay. The United States consul at Buenos Ayres, Hon. M. E. Hollister, states that he, accom-

panied by his son and the American clergyman, Rev. Dr. Goodfellow, took charge of the burial of the deceased in the Protestant cemetery, and also that he took possession of his effects. All who ever knew Martin will lament his sudden death. An unpretending, yet ingenious youth, reared in the quiet country, his only ambition from early boyhood was to travel. He seemed to catch the inspiration from the very breezes, and to envy the wild swan her annual flights to the sunny regions of the south. It is consoling to his friends to know that, though exposed to the wiles of every clime, he died a sober, prosperous, and upright man."

Alfred D. Lofland, farmer and stock raiser, Crawfordsville, was born in this township August 12, 1841. His father, William Lofland, emigrated from Delaware to Montgomery county as early as 1834, and after his arrival married Sally Simpson. Her father, Allen Simpson, had located on the farm now owned and occupied by the subject of this sketch, having bought it several years before from a Mr. Croy. Mr. Lofland's father was a tanner and worked at his trade. His tanyard was on this place. He died when our subject was only three years of age, and left three other children, John, Hevellow, and Nancy. The two last are dead. The mother's second marriage was with Henry Thurston. She died December 31, 1879, and was sixth-eight years old at her death. Mr. Lofland was enrolled August 16, 1862, in Co. E, 72d Ind. Vols. At Louisville his regiment was brigaded with' the 17th Indiana, and the 98th and the 123d Illinois regiments. For its distinguished service this command became celebrated as Wilder's brigade of mounted infantry. He served under Rosecrans in his advance from Murfreesboro, fighting at Hoover's Gap, and participated in a brilliant affair, by his brigade alone, in gaining the rear of Bragg's army, and assaulting Deckerd Station by night, causing the enemy to fall back the next day. He was engaged at Chickamauga, and was in pursuit of Wheeler's cavalry twenty-one days after that battle. In the following winter three hundred of his regiment were detailed, under the command of Maj. Carr, and went with the expedition under Gen. Sooy Smith to cooperate with Gen. Sherman in the Meridian campaign. He was present throughout the prolonged disaster which befel Gen. Smith's command, and fought in the sharp engagement at Okolona. He was in constant service during the Atlanta campaign, and after that terminated returned to Rome, Georgia, where the horses of the brigade were turned over to Gen. Kilpatrick, when the men went back to Louisville to be remounted. When this had been accomplished they joined Gen. Wilson's column, which took Selma, Alabama, by assault, destroyed an immense amount of property, and supplemented the bold achievement with the taking of Columbus and Macon, Georgia, when the close of the war put an end to further operations. He was mustered out at Indianapolis July 6, 1865. Mr. Lofland was married October 5, 1870, to Miss Catherine Hamilton. Their only child, William, born October 7, 1871, died of diphtheria January 12, 1881. Mr. Lofland belongs to the Methodist church. He is an Odd- Fellow, and owns 115 acres of choice land. In politics a republican. In 1876 he traveled in Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas, and Texas.

The following extracts taken from a number of the "Wabash Magazine," published December 1861, will be read with pleasure by every one. We regret that our space will not permit the use of the whole article. Editor: Rev. Charles White, D.D., died of apoplexy, on Tuesday evening, October 29, 1861. In usual health, he had attended all his college duties during the day, and had spent the evening in writing a sermon on faith, closing his evening labor with this sentence: '' Faith sees the blessed Savior at the death bedside, with attendant angels to soothe and sustain, and bear up the spirit to heaven." After completing his preparations for retiring to rest for the night, he fell across the bed and expired. At half- past nine in the evening he was found by his son, the body still warm and flexible, but life extinct. The countenance, mild and placid iu death, as it had ever been in life, indicated that the well poised shaft of death had sped instantly to the seat of life, and that without a struggle or a groan " the spirit was loosened clean and clear from earth," and bouyant and exultant mounted to heaven. The dark valley of the shadow of death was mercifully narrowed to a line, and the loved and honored one on earth passed instantly to the bright regions of heavenly glory, to be carried to the Savior's bosom by those other loved ones of earth who had gone before. Dr. White was bom at Eandolph, Massachusetts, December 28, 1795, of pious parents. The family traced their lineage directly to the family of Whites that came over in the Mayflower. Dr. White often referred with pleasure to his pilgrim ancestors. His father dying when he . was two years old, he was left to the sole care of a mother of great vigor of intellect and unusual excellence of character. He fitted for college in Randolph, Vermont, under the eminent classical scholar, Rev. Rufus Nutting. He became a member of Dartmouth College in 1817, and graduated with the first honors of his class in 1821. He immediately received the appointment of tutor in his Alma Mater, but declined, and entered the Theological Seminary at Andover, Massachusetts. Interrupted for a time in his theological studies by sickness, he speiit a year at St. Johns, South Carolina, but afterward returned to Andover and continued his studies until 1824. January 1, 1825, he was settled over a Congregational church in Thetford, Vermont, as colleague pastor, with his stepfather, Rev. Dr. Burton. After four years at that place, he was called to succeed Rev. Dr. Brown, as minister of the Presbyterian church in Cazenovia, New York. At that place, and subsequently at Oswego, New York, he fulfilled the duties of pastor with marked success for thirteen years. During the period of his ministry a number of extensive revivals occurred. He received the honorary degree of D.D. from Union College, New York, in 1840. In 1841 he received and accepted an invitation to the presidency of Wabash College, which position he occupied until removed by death. Dr. White was married to Miss Martha Carter, March 8, 1825. Their family consisted of ten children, five of whom still survive, four sons and one daughter. Mrs. White died December 18, 1860. Dr. White was most widely known in the west as the president of Wabash College. After fourteen years ofrich experience as a minister of the gospel, he entered, in the full vigor of his riper years, upon the duties of the presidency of this institution. Possessed of a fine literary taste, he sought to establish a high literary standard. As a teacher he was accurate and industrious. As a presiding officer he was strict, but kind, seeking rather to win than command obedience. Students always highly prized his teaching, and never had occasion to complain of severity in his discipline. His daily morning prayers in the college chapel, his weekly sermons in the pulpit, so full of holy unction and power, his everyday walk and influence, oh, how sadly will we miss them! Dr. White's character can be summed up in these few words: he was of the highest style a Christian scholar. Dr. White's intellect was massive, his conception clear, his idiom largely pure saxon, his style carefully ornate and polished, his ratiocination perfectly logical, his argumentation always cumulative, and his conclusions irresistible. As a thinker he was profound, and as a writer, eminently successful. Never trusting to extemporaneous power, he spoke ever with effect. The acted maxim of his life was, if you wish others to think, you must think yourself. Welling up from the innermost depths of a large heart, and flowing forth in streams at all times pure and sometimes sparkling, his writings possess an interest and excellence which will give them a place above the ordinary productions of the day, with the standard Christian literature of our age. His sentences were always so carefully formed that from their very smoothness they sometimes failed to attract, as they

would have done had they been less finished. The human mind is so constructed, or, perhaps, rather warped and weakened bj sin, that it grasps more readily and retains more completely the imperfect, the defective. It rejoices not over the ninety-nine as over the one returned from wandering. Thus, also, the least faulty composition is not the most attractive. Dr. White's periods are full and round, wanting the rough edge that we may grasp and retain, or use with power, yet growing more and more in beauty, symmetry and excellence, as we carefully dwell upon and study them. Examples like this might be multiplied indefinitely, but we forbear. Dr. White has published addresses made before the Bible, the Home Missionary, and the temperance societies; also, sermons at the death of President Harrison, and at the interment of Hon. T. A. Howard. He furnished four discourses for the " National Preacher." Other publications of his are a lecture, delivered before the American Institute, in Massachusetts, a number of articles for the "Bibliotheca," at Andover, and many papers for the La Fayette "Journal," and New York "Evangelist." His most important work is a volume of essays on literature and ethics, of 471 pages, on the following subjects: Religion an Essential Part of all Education; Independence of Mind; Goodness Indispensable to True Greatness ; A Pure and Sound Literature ; Political Rectitude ; Western Colleges ; Contributions of Intellect to Religion ; The Practical Element in Christianity; The Conservative Element in Christianity; Protestant Christianity adapted to be the Religion of the World; Characteristics of the Present Age ; Literary Responsibilities of Teachers. The high literary character of this volume alone would give the author a prominent place among the contributors to a pure and sound literature. The elegant steel engraving found elsewhere in this work represents Dr. White a few years younger than he was at his decease. A very excellent portrait in oil, life size, of President White, adorns the hall of the Lyceum of Wabash College. This valuable painting is a present to the society, by her alumni and friends. Many peculiarly interesting circumstances cluster about the death of Dr. White. While we deeply mourn his loss to his family, to the church, and especially to the college, we have it not in heart to wish him back again, since death to him is such infinite gain. Less than one year before, while attending the death-bed of his sainted wife; in reply to her expressed regrets at leaving him, he replied : "Not long, I will soon come." How soon is the promise fulfilled, and how kind that Providence which, after so brief a separation, has reunited in Paradise two who loved so long and so well on earth.

William H. Lynn, one of the prominent grocers of Crawfords- ville, was born in the same city June 15, 1840. He is the son of James "W. and Lucinda (McConnel) Lynn. James W. Lynn was a native of Kentucky. He was born in 1809, and raised a farmer. He emigrated to Vigo county, Indiana, in 1828, and served as deputy clerk for two years. In 1830 he moved to Montgomery county, and became deputy to the second clerk of said county, and soon after was elected county clerk. He was in this office for nearly thirty years. In old whig times he was a supporter of whig principles, but afterward allied himself with the democracy. He, however, was decidedly a man of the people, his election taking place without opposition. He was a liberal supporter of the church and all progressive movements. He invested largely in railroad and telegraph stock; also built the store building now occupied by his son, William H. He had fought his own battles in life, and died April 10, 1872, leaving a legacy to his children of a good name and a competency of $15,000 or $20,000. His wife, Mrs. Lucinda Lynn, was born in Ohio, 1817. The life of William H. has been spent mostly in his native city. He early attended Wabash College, and at the age of seventeen years began merchandising for himself on Green street, in the grocery business. He also spent two years in the dry-goods trade. In the fall of 1862 he enlisted in Co. K, 86th Ind., served his country at the battles of Perryville and through Tennessee, about one year. He was first lieutenant, but on account, of ill health resigned his position, and returned to his business in Crawfordsville. He now carries a trade of from $40,000 to $50,000 per year, and is one of the most reliable grocery dealers in the city. He is located in the Phrenix block, south of the court-house, and employs three clerks. Mr. Lynn is a strong democrat. He was married January 2, 1878, to Miss Linnie Heath, daughter of Col. D. M. Heath, of Crawfordsville, whose sketch appears elsewhere. Mrs. Lynn is a member of the Presbyterian church.

Capt. Bruce Carr, farmer and stock raiser, Crawfordsville, was born in Union county, Indiana, July 8, 1841, and is the son of Thomas and Elizabeth Carr. His mother, a member of the Christian church, was born May 13, 1797, and is still living. His father settled in this county in 1855, and resided here till his death, April 1, 1876, in his seventy-ninth year. He was a minister in the Christian church for about sixty years. He was a blacksmith and edge-tool man, working at his trade through the week and preaching on Sunday. He was first a whig, then an ardent, earnest republican. The subject of this sketch attended Wabash College about two years, and at the age of fourteen went to. California, remaining about four years. He returned, and in November, 1861, enlisted as a private in Co. K, 58th Ind. Vols. He was made orderly sergeant, and soon afterward promoted to captain. He first went to Lebanon, Kentucky, and was in the army under Gen. Buell. In 1863 his regiment veteranized, and Capt. Carr came home and raised Co. D, in the 135th Ind. Vols., for 100 days. He was mustered out in September 1864. Since the war he has been successfully engaged in farming and stock raising. He has 205£ acres where he lives, and 320 in Iowa. His farm is about three miles from Crawfordsville, on Sec. 16. Mr. Carr is a strong republican and first-class citizen.

Courtney Talbot, who died in Montgomery county, Indiana, September 11, 1867, was a native of Bourbon county, Kentucky, and was born September 4, 1804. His'grandfather, Samuel Talbot, was born in Virginia, March 17, 1756. He married Constantine Reagan, also a native of Virginia, in 1775. Nicholas Talbot, the father of the subject of this sketch, was their only son. He removed to Kentucky while young and married Miss Aria Kennedy, a daughter of John Kennedy, who was captured by the British at the battle of Guilford Court House, in North Carolina, March 15, 1781, and died soon after on board of a British prison-ship, from the effects of the bad treatment he received from his captors. The day before he started on the campaign, which resulted in his capture and death, he wrote a letter from Virginia to his brother Thomas, then in Kentucky, the original of which, in a beautiful plain hand, is yet preserved, and is now in the possession of Eli M. Kennedy, of Dover, La Fayette couuty, Missouri. In this letter he breathes a spirit of the most fervent patriotism and devotion to the cause of the colonies, but expresses some misgivings as to the final result of the contest for independence. If the spirits.of the dead are ever permitted to look down upon the conduct of those who were near and dear to them in life, the spirit of John Kennedy must have experienced intense satisfaction at witnessing the heroic and unflinching patriotism of his grandson, the subject of this sketch, to maintain the government which he had sacrificed his life to aid in establishing. For although Courtney Talbot lived in Kentucky at the commencement of the war, in the midst of a bitter rebel sentiment, his devotion to the Union grew the more h'rm as the spirit of disloyalty increased in fury. When Andrew Johnson delivered a strong Union speech in the summer of 1861, at Paris, Kentucky, to a vast concourse, made up largely of maddened secessionists, he appealed to the Kentuckians to know if they would permit the national army to march through Kentucky to the relief of his oppressed people in East Tennessee. Mr. Talbot, in the midst of great excitement, sprang to his feet, and in a voice of deep earnestness answered, " Yes, sir, we shall not only allow the Union army to go to East Tennessee, through Kentucky, but will go with it and aid it in suppressing this infernal rebellion." And he did volunteer at once, but on account of his age was not mustered into the service. He, however, joined a company of home guards, and during Kirby Smith's invasion of Kentucky, in 1862, he was captured and paroled. He afterward had his written parole framed and hung in his parlor, that his descendants, as he said, to the latest generation, might know that he was always true to his country. Mr. Talbot was a man of great industry and muscular power when in his prime, and always took the lead in all hard work done upon his farm. He was often known to cut up and shock forty shocks of heavy corn in one day. Marvelous stories are preserved in the traditions of the family about one of his great-uncles in Fairfax county, Virginia, who was noted far and wide as a giant in size and strength. Mr. Talbot had many strong and noted traits of character. He was scrupulously punctual in all his engagements, and throughout an active business life of more than forty years never contracted a debt which he did not pay when due. He was never involved in but two lawsuits, both of which he gained, but afterward yielded up what he had contended for, saying his only object was to have the court decide he was in the right. He occupied a high rank in the Masonic fraternity, to which order he was strongly attached. He had an unconquerable will and unyielding moral and physical courage. He had acquired a more thorough knowledge of history, poetry, etc., than men of his calling usually do. He was a great admirer of Burns, and could repeat from memory many of his poems. He was fond of reading the great speeches of Daniel Webster, and nothing delighted him so much as to learn by heart, and repeat from time to time to his family and friends, some of the striking sentiments of patriotism from Mr. Webster's finished orations. Mr. Talbot was not connected with any church, but was always fond of listening to good sermons. He was a believer in the general doctrines taught by the Universalist denomination, and would always attend the preaching of that denomination when he had an opportunity to do so. He was liberal in his religious views and looked upon the golden rule as the sum and substance of Christianity. Mr. Talbot was married in Fayette county, Kentucky, December 16, 1830, to Miss Elizabeth Harp, daughter of John Harp, a leading farmer of that county. Her mother's maiden name was Leah Hitter. The result of this union was thirteen children, ten of whom are yet living. Their names, in the order in which they were born, are as follows: Nicholas, Elizabeth, Emily, John, Margaret, Rebecca, Henry, Aria, Mary N., Benjamin F., Joseph "W., Alice, and Daniel W. Mrs. Talbot, his widow, who was always a devoted wife and faithful mother, still resides on the homestead, near Crawfordsville, and four of the children, Magaret, Joseph W., Alice, and Daniel W., reside with her. Elizabeth married James M. Fisher, in Kentucky, and is now a widow with a large family of children, and lives near Lexington, in that state. Nicholas married Miss Mary M. Penn, in Bourbon county, Kentucky, and now lives on a farm in Boone county, near Covington. Emily married P. S. Kennedy, now of Crawfordsville, Indiana. Rebecca married James A. Wilson, and lives in Columbus, Ohio.' Henry married Miss Hettie A. Evans, of Waveland, and lives on a farm near Crawfordsville. Mary N. married Milton K. Wheat, and now lives near Pleasant Hill, Missouri. John, Aria, and Benjamine F. died in their infancy. Besides these ten children Mrs. Talbot has living twenty-seven grandchildren and one great-grandchild.

Theodore McMechan, dentist, Crawfordsville, was born in Tippe- canoe county, December 19, 1841, and is the son of Dr. J. G. McMechan, whose biography appears in Franklin township of this work. Dr. McMechan, the subject of this sketch, had the advantage of the common school, and also attended Wabash College several terms. After he began life he worked in the drug business, at painting, and in a dry-goods store. In 1861 he enlisted in Co. I, llth Ind. Vols., for three months. After coming home from the war he studied dentistry in Crawfordsville awhile, then clerked two years in a wholesale dry-goods store in Leavenworth, Kansas. He then returned to Crawfordsville, where he finished the study of dentistry, and in 1865 began practicing in Muncie, Delaware county, remaining there two years. Since then he has resided in Crawfordsville, where he has successfully practiced his profession and established a high reputation among his fellow citizens. He was married June 2, 1870, to Miss Helen C. Eaton. They have one child, Maud, born in 1872. Dr. McMechan is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, the Knights of Pythias, and in politics is a staunch republican. He was appointed deputy city clerk and served one year and a half, and in May, 1876, was elected to that office, which he held two years. We close this brief memoir with the following resolution and comment published in the Crawfordsville "Journal " September 4,1880: " Next Monday Theo. McMechan, who has filled the office of city clerk during the past six years, will retire and give place to his successor, W. T. Miller. In his retirement the city will lose a faithful, efficient and painstaking officer. We believe it is the universal verdict that he has performed the duties of his position, which were multifarious and complex in their character, faithfully and well and to the satisfaction of all with whom he carne in business contact. He leaves the office in good shape and will turn over the books to his successor as neat as he received them from the hands of T. D. Brown. As a testimonial of the esteem in which he is held by the city council, that body, on last Monday evening, adopted the following resolution and ordered it spread on the records: ' Whereas, the term of office for which Theodore McMechan was elected is about to expire, and the mayor and common council recognizing and feeling the loss the city will sustain in losing from her clerk's desk and counsel so efficient an officer; therefore be it resolved, that we tender to him our sincere thanks for the manner in which he has conducted the business of the office, and gladly award him the meed of praise justly due to an efficient officer, and sincerely trust that prosperity may attend him in all after duties of life.' On his retirement to the shades of private life Dr. McMechan will resume the practice of dentistry, in which profession he has proven himself to be as proficient as he has proved himself in the temporary avocation of city clerk."

S. B. Morgan, M.D., Crawfordsville, was born in Hun'ington county, New Jersey, and at the age of four years, he removed with his parents to Butler county, Ohio, where they a few years after died, leaving the doctor, then a stripling of a youth, to depend upon his own judgment and resources. At the age of seventeen years he went to Piqua, Miami county, Ohio, and began teaching school and the study of medicine. He remained about four years and then removed to Bellefontaine, Ohio, where he began in the drug trade with a small stock of goods, and still prosecuted his study of medicine. He then went to Cincinnati and entered the Medical College of Ohio, graduating after proper study. Shortly after he went to Port Jefferson, Ohio, and spent one year in the practice of his profession. His next remove was to Crawfordsville, in 1841, where he at once began practice. In 1871 he met with an accident that crippled him badly for a number of years. It occurred by his being thrown from his buggy and hurting one of his thighs. He has, however, so far recovered as to continue his practice. He is among the oldest and best known physicians of the county, and has been reasonably successful in financial matters as well as in the practice of medicine. In 1833 the doctor married Miss Margaret Monson. The fruits of their union have been six children, three sons and three daughters, though but one of the former and two of the latter are now living. The eldest son, William H., in 1853 entered the United States Naval Academy of Annapolis, from which he graduated, and returned to his home. In 1861, at the breaking out of the war, he entered the army, and was commissioned by Gov. O. P. Morton Lieut. Col. of the 25th Ind. Vols. In a short time he was commissioned colonel of the regiment, and remained with it until 1865. During the war he was appointed to go to Washington city and assist in organizing the Hancock Corps. He was one of the committee to examine and select officers for the corps, of which he was one of the drill-masters. He was appointed colonel of one of the regiments of the corps, and sent to Springfield, Ill., where the regiment was disbanded some time after the close of the war. This was the end of his military career. He then went to Kansas City, Missouri, and engaged in the wholesale drug trade, which he in turn gave up and engaged extensively in the growing of sheep in Kansas, where he died in the spring of 1878. D. N. Morgan, the second son and only one now living, graduated from the Wabash College in 1858. William H. had also attended the same college, and in 1861 he entered the army as a sutler. He returned safely, and is now engaged in the drug trade at Lodi, Illinois. John, the youngest of the sons, was a student in Wabash College at the time of the breaking out of the war, in 1861. He left college, and also entered the army as a sutler. At the close of the war he went to Arkansas, but not being accustomed to the climate he was shortly stricken with fever, which soon caused his death. Sarah E., the eldest of the daughters, was married in 1864: to Joseph Gilbert, of Terre Haute, Indiana. Miss Marth J., the youngest sister, is still at home with her parents. Daniel W. Starns was born in Fountain county, Indiana, near Jacksonville, October 21, 1842, and lived on a farm until eighteen years of age. His advantages for learning were limited, but he studied at home until he obtained a fair education, often writing for local newspapers. September 18, 1861, he enlisted in Co. B, 10th Ill.. Vol. Inf., serving three years, in the meantime correspondent for several northern newspapers. He wrote several poems that were extensively copied, over the nom-de-plune of "Frank Mayfield." After being mustered out he attended Wabash College for a time, and then engaged in business in Jacksonville, Fountain county, in the autumn of 1865, and was appointed post-master. He was married in March, 1866, to Mary E. Miller, and in July was nominated for representative to the legislature on the Republican ticket, but was defeated by a small majority. He then sold out and moved to Hills-boro, and taught school till 1870, and the same year was a deputy United States marshal for taking the census of Fountain county. In 1871 he moved to Crawfordsville, and accepted a position in the grocery of A. F. Ramsey, Esq., for eight years, being general superintendent. In 1878 he was secretary of the republican central committee. During his residence in the "Athens of Indiana" he paid considerable attention to writing poetic compositions for the "Cincinnati Gazette," "Toledo Blade," "Indianapolis Journal," etc., with an occasional magazine article, until his reputation became state wide. He is at present employed as chief salesman in the wholesale grocery house of T. N. Lucas, Esq. Mr. Starns has a cottage of his own in one of the suburbs, where he lives, surrounded by a happy and loving family.

Christopher Dice, a successful and influential farmer, resides about three and a half miles from Crawfordsville, on the Indianapolis gravel road. He was born in Rockbridge county, Virginia, January 22, 1828. His father, David Dice, settled in this county in 1835 and died in 1843. He was in the war of 1812, was a Jackson democrat, a member of the Presbyterian church, as also was his mother, Martha. Mr. Dice had the advantages of the common school of his day, and has always lived on the farm. He began farming for himself when he was twenty-one years old, with very little capital. But by hard work, close attention to business, and good management, he has accumulated considerable property. He has now 250 acres of land in good condition. Mr. Dice was married, the first time, in 1848, to Jane C. Brockmon. She was a member of the Presbyterian church, and died in 1866. The children by this union were: Martha E., Louisa E., Sarah F. (deceased), Euphemia J., Mary A., James F., William B. and Anna B. (deceased). He was married the second time, in 1869, to Mary A. Brosius. She is a member of the Presbyterian church, and was born in 1840. They have three children: Edna V., John H. and Chrissie (deceased). Martha is married to David A. Kennedy, and lives in Virginia; Louisa is married to David A. McCray; Mary A. to William H. Borroughs; Euphemia to William C. Loop. Mr. Dice has been an Elder in the Presbyterian church for a number of years. He has traveled in the west, Alabama, Tennessee, and revisited the scenes of his boyhood days in the " Old Dominion" three times. His married daughters are members of the Presbyterian church. Mr. Dice is ;m Odd-Fellow, a Knight of Pythias, and in politics a democrat. His grandfather was in the revolutionary war. Mr. Dice is a valuable citizen and a Christian gentleman.

William B. Hardee, grocer, Crawfordsville, was' born May 19, 1849, in Union township, Montgomery county, Indiana. He is a son of Joseph H. and Mary (Ware) Hardee. Joseph Hardee came to Montgomery county about 1829 or 1830, and settled near Sec. 16, Union township. Later his father came, and in 1837 died. Joseph continued on the farm till 1871, when he and wife retired to the city. Mrs. Hardee's people, Alexander and Elizabeth Ware, came from Kentucky in 1828 and settled part of School Sec. Hi, in Union township. This was the principally settled place. Here lived the Wares, where they raised more snakes and nettles than anything else for awhile. Mr. Ware died in 1832 and his wife in 1843, on a farm they had bought adjoining Sec. 16. Joseph Hardee's father, John Hardee, and Mrs. Hardee's grandfather Way man, served in the revolution. The Hardees and Wares did their part toward converting the wilderness of Montgomery county into its present cultivated condition. William B. Hardee, subject of this sketch, lived on the farm during earlier years. He spent a time at Wabash College. Leaving the farm he became clerk in the store of J. T. Mack for three years; then for J. C. Fry two years. In the spring of 1879 Mr. Hardee opened a grocery on South Walnut street, and in the spring of 1880 he built a store-room, 16x40, on Walnut street, between Perry and Chestnut, and moved his stock. Here he carries on business and is generally known as the South Side Grocery. Mr. Hardee was married September 12, 1879, to Miss Isabel, daughter of J. B. and Elizabeth Whitsitt, of Indianapolis. She was born August 6, 1858. They have had one child, Harry W. (deceased). Both are members of the Christian church. Mr. Hardee is an Odd-Fellow and a democrat.

David A. Roach, attorney, Crawfordsville, was born in Sugar Greek township, Parke county, Indiana, July 15, 1843, and is the son of Hon. Henry L. and Frances (Allen) Roach. His father, Henry L. Roach, has been quite a prominent man in the democratic ranks. He was born in Bath county, Kentucky, in 1817, and came to eastern Indiana in an early day, and in 1833 settled in Parke county, where he farmed, and filled the office of school trustee. In 1856 he moved to Fountain county, and in 1862 was elected by the democrats to the state legislature. In 1874 he was a defeated candidate for county treasurer. In 1876 he allied himself with the greenback party, and still supports the same principles. His father was taken prisoner at the old Winchester defeat. Mrs. Frances Roach, mother of David A., was born in Morgan county, Kentucky, in 1816. Her people were formerly from Virginia. David A. followed the plow during his youth, and gained but a common school education. Being desirous of more learning, he attended the Bloominuton, Indiana, State University. Choosing law as his profession, he pursued a course in that study at the same institution from which he graduated in 1871. Leaving the college, he settled for practice at Covington. In 1873 he changed his location to Rockville, where he remained till 1877, at which time he located at Crawfordsville. In 1876 he was elected states attorney from the twenty-second district, comprising Parke and Montgomery counties, and at the expiration of his term of office became deputy to attorney Collings, of Rockville. In 1880 he was again a candidate for the same office. Mr. Roach was married October 23, 1878, to Sarah V. Gillispie, daughter of Garret and Mary J. (Hedges) Gillispie. She was born March 10, 1853. She is a memher of the Christian church. They have one child, Maud, born July 19, 1879. Mr. Roach is a thorough democrat, and a man who has made his own way thus far in life.

Capt. W. P. Herron, president of the.gas company, Cra'wfordsville, was born June 17,1844, in a rural district of Montgomery county. Indiana, and is the son of James D. and Rebecca (Young) Herron. His father, James D. Herron, was born January 26, 1798, in South Carolina, and in an early day moved to Ohio, and in 1825 entered land in Montgomery county, Indiana, and made his home here till he died, October 21, 1874. Mrs. Rebecca Herron was born Novem ber 20, 1802, her parents being natives of Pennsylvania. Capt. Her- ron's grandfather was a Scotchman, he having brought his wife and children from the land of Burns prior to the revolutionary war, in which conflict he fought for the independence of his adopted country in the American navy, and at New York was taken prisoner by the British fleet, and held by them for two years. After the war closed he settled at Newbury, South Carolina. Mr. Herron attended Wa- bash College three years, leaving his books to enter the civil war in July 1862. He enlisted in Co. B, 77th Ind. Vols., under Capt. A. O. Miller, and served till the close of the war. He was transferred at Stone River from the infantry to the cavalry service, becoming one of the famous Wilder's brigade, whom the rebels called "Wilder's Hellians," so constantly were they engaged. Mr. Herron was wounded at Hoover's Gap, Rock Springs, and Chickamauga, at the last place quite severely, by a piece of shell. During these stirring events Mr. Herron had not remained throughout a private, but was first made second lieutenant at Bowling Green, and promoted to the captaincy of a cavalry company at Stone River. For six months during the Wilson raid he acted as major, and at the close of the war was made provost marshal. His division own the honor of capturing Jefferson Davis. August, 1865, Mr Herron closed his soldier's life by an honorable discharge. Hardship and exposure had completely broken his constitution, and for five years he suffered from a lung affection, to alleviate which he traveled quite extensively through the northwest. In 1870 he was engaged as book-keeper for McClure, Fry & Co., of Crawfordsville, also in the county clerk's officr, and in 1873 was elected treasurer of Montgomery county, which office he held two years, and was then elected president of the Crawfordsville gas company, which position he still occupies. He is also a director of the Crawfordsville coffin factory. Mr. Herron was married January 20, 1875, to Miss Ada Patton, daughter of Jacob Patton, Esq., of La Fayette, Indiana. They have two children, Charles and Jessie.
Mr. Herron is a member of the Knights of Pythias society. He has always been found in the ranks of the democracy.

Stephen A. Stillwell, deputy city treasurer, Crawfordsville, was born March 22, 1838, in Montgomery county. His father, Jeremiah Stillwell, was born in Shelby county, Kentucky, July 14, 1796, and is still living with" his son Stephen. In 1826 he entered 120 acres of land seven miles south of Crawfordsville, upon which he lived until a couple of years after his wife's death, which occurred May 8, 1870. He is still the owner of his old home. His wife, Didama (Hollaway) Stillwell, is a sister of Judge Hollaway, and was born April 11, 1800. They were both members of the Old School Baptist church. Mr. Still- well was one of the first settlers of Montgomery county, and assisted in caryihg the chain in laying out the state roads. When he first visited this city there was but one dwelling and the land-office in its limits. He was formerly a whig, now a staunch republican. Stephen's early educational advantages were not the best, but in 1857 and 1858 he attended a private school, and by hard work paid his own way. He then began teaching in the winter, and farming in the summer, until his twenty-third year, when he enlisted as a soldier under Capt. Harry Leming, and was mustered in in Co.C, 40th Ind., in LaFayette, Indiana, November 15, 1861, and was mustered out in February, 1864, at Dalton, Tennessee. He then reiinlisted, and was mustered in at Chattanooga, Tennessee, in the same month, and was mustered out June 30, 1865, at New Orleans, on the Jackson battle-ground. He participated in the following engagements in the order mentioned : Stanford, Perrysville, Stone River. Chattanooga, Missionary Ridge, Chickamauga, Resaca, Peachtree Creek, Shiloh, Corinth, Buzzard Roost, Atlanta. He then came back with Thomas, and was in the battle of Nashville, and was on the skirmish-line that began the battle of Franklin. He was wounded at Kenesaw Mountain, June 27, being shot through the right leg, breaking the front bone, from the effects of which he passed through an untold amount of suffering. He did his duty fighting for the nation, amply described by his military record. At the expiration of the war he became engaged in farming. After two years he was imployed in the plaining-mill of Boats & Canine, at which for five years he was noted as a steady worker, having lost but twenty-four days in the entire time. He then was engaged in the grocery business fourteen months. His appointment as deputy treasurer of Montgomery county dates from the expiration of this time, and for four years he was known as an efficient officer. He is now holding the office of deputy city treasurer. He is a member of the Odd-Fellows' fraternity, and the Knights of Pythias. He is in religious belief a Universalist. May 15, 1866, he was married to Martha A. Hardee, of this city, a most exemplary woman. His zeal for the principles of the republican party is unbounded.

David Enoch, farmer and stock raiser, Crawfordsville, was born in Butler county, Ohio, July 23, 1810, and is the son of Abner and Elizabeth Enoch. His father was a farmer and mechanic, and was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, from which place he moved to Ohio, where he lived until 1844, when he emigrated to Montgomery county, and settled near Crawfordsville. In Mr. Enoch's youth educational advantages were much inferior to the present system, and young David was forced to be content with such schooling as the subscription plan afforded. Until the age of twenty- six years he remained upon the farm at home, and then began farming for himself. His outfit was poor, and composed of nothing that could be used to advantage to-day. Mr. Enoch rented a farm in Ohio some years, and by frugal habits saved enough of his earnings to make a start, and came to this county overland through swamps, lanes and timber that would cause the younger generation to shudder in its contemplation, but after ten long, weary days "Athens" was reached, to the entire satisfaction of team and teamster. He soon purchased a farm and has ever since continued to work it witli excellent success. His plan of farming has been commented upon by able men as being one carried out by a thorough scientific husbandman. One half of his entire farm is constantly under clover or timothy. By his economy, observation and close application to business lie now is the possessor of 300 acres of splendid land, well improved, besides $38,000 presented to his children. Mr. Enoch was married to Sarali Jane Henry in 1836, and by this union they have become the parents of seven children : Abner P., Mary E., Darwin S., Tillman R., George A., Emily, and Ehoda A. Abner P. and George A. were prominent students at Wabash College and have taught several terms of school. He is a Universalist, a Mason, an Odd-Felluw, and a stalwart member of the republican pirty.

Bennett W. Engle, Crawfordsville, was born near Harper's Ferry, Virginia, January 19, 1820, und is a son of Michael and Elizabeth (Pollock) Engle. Mr. Engle is of English and Irish descent. His father died when he, Bennett, was eight years old, and his mother two years afterward. Bennett then lived with his brothers and sisters until he was fifteen years of age. His years following were passed in the store or on the firm. In 1833 he came to Rising Sun, and clerked until 1845, when he came to Crawfordsville. Here he owned and edited the Crawfordsville "Review" for three years, then clerked in the land office for three years, at the end of which time he was appointed by James K. Polk, receiver of the public moneys. He held this position until Taylor removed him on account of opposite politics, under no other plea than to "the victor belong the spoils." He next acted as local editor of the "Review" for one year. In 1853 the Elton Bank was established, and Mr. Engle was called to the position of cashier, which he has held ever since. He has been a lifelong democrat, and is an Odd-Fellow. He began life for himself with. a cipher, and by perseverance, close attention to business, and strict regard for all promises, he has been enabled to prefix the significant figures until he is now. in comfortable circumstances. Mr. Engle was married September 13, 1854, to Miss "Whillie Beard, daughter of the Hon. John Beard, one of the moat influential members of the state legislature for many year#, father of the public school fund, and a man who was never beaten for office. He is further noticed in the sketch of Mrs. Engle's brother. Mr. and Mrs. Engle have four children : John E.,Mary, Emma, and Bennett Beard. Mrs. Engle is a member of the Christian church.

James B. Mack, farmer and stock-raiser, Crawfordsville, was born in Butler county, Ohio, December 8, 1819, and is the son of Erastus and Martha Mack. Mr. Mack's grandfather was a drum-major in the revolutionary war. His father, who was a farmer, was in the war of 1812, and was a whig, and died in 1846. The subject of this sketch had such advantages of education as the common school of his day afforded. He came to this county in 1845, and began farming for himself. Mr. Mack has been very successful as a farmer. He has not confined his farming to any one branch, but has raised grain, cattle, hogs and sheep. He settled on his present place in 1852. He has a well improved farm of 220 acres, on which he has a good orchard, a nice two-story dwelling house and a large new barn. His old barn was burned June 9, 1880. His residence is about four miles from Crawfordsville, on the Whitesville gravel road, and is one of the prettiest places on the road. Mr. Mack was married in December, 1843, to Miss Sarah J. Rogers. She was born in 1822. The children by this union have been five : Martha C., married to Charles Edwards; Isabel L., married to David H. Martin ; Mary A., married to Arch. Martin ; Charles and Lena. Mr. and Mrs. Mack are liberal in their religious views. Mr. Mack was formerly a whig, but is now a strong adherent to the principles of the republican party. He voted first for Henry Clay, in 1844. Mr. Mack is an intelligent and respected citizen.

Thomas H. Winton, painter, Crawfordsville, was born in Butler county, Ohio, February 4, 1822. His father, Robert Winton, was a captain under Gen. Harrison in the war of 1812. He entered land in this county in 1822, and settled here with his family in 1828. The subject of this sketch attended Wabash College three years.' He went to the first school and Sunday-school in the county, a log school house with paper windows. He began engraving in 1839, and published the " Spy," the first paper in Logansport, and helped establish the Wabash county " Gazette." He assisted John B. Dillon, the historian and poet, on his History of Indiana. He settled in this county in 1847. He was married July 2, 1849, to Harriet McClure, and has three children living. Mrs. Winton's father helped build the first mill on Sugar creek, in this county. Mr. "Winton has done all the banner painting for this whole section of country, and has been the leading painter here in all its branches. He has been coroner of the county four years; he has been an Odd-Fellow since 1845, is a Good Templar, a Methodist, and a strong prohibitionist. Mr. Win- ton has a little scrap-book containing press notices of his work. They all speak highly of him as an engraver and painter.

James B. Sidener, merchant, Crawfordsville, is a member of the enterprising firm of Evans & Sidener, in the boot and shoe trade. Beginning business April 1,1879, the firm is yet young. Located at No. 25 East Main street, they occupy a pleasant and commodious store-room, 23x110. They carry a first-class stock of about $12,- 000, and do a business of from $20,000 to 830,000. They are decidedly men of the people, and will eventually take the lead in their department of trade. Mr. Sidener is the son of James B. and Elizabeth (Smith) Sidener, both old settlers of Montgomery county. They were born in Bourbon county, Kentucky, and came to this county and sol tied south of Crawfordsville, in Union township, in 1837. Here they spent the rest of their days, Mrs. Sidener dying in September 1874, and Mr. Sidener following her July 31, 1875. He was a life-long democrat, a good citizen, and a conscientious man. At the time of his death he was one of the oldest and most respected members of the Masonic fraternity. James B. was born January 14, 1848, on the home farm in Montgomery county. Besides the common schools, he attended Wabash College three years. For some time he taught. In 1869 he became deputy sheriff under his brother, H. E. Sidener, serving for a year and a half. He then clerked in the store of Kobb & Mahorney almost six years. He next spent a year with Charles Goltra, "The Hatter," after which he purchased a small farm, on which he lived for two years. Selling this, he engaged in his present business. Mr. Sidener was married October 26, 1871, to Mary A. Graham, daughter of Noble and Carrie (Welch) Graham. Her father was a prominent citizen of Crawfordsville. They have one child, Lee M. Both are members of the Christian church. Mr. Sidener is an Odd-Fellow.

James Q. W. Wilhite, Crawfordsville, was born in Montgomery county, in the city of Crawfordsville, April 12, 1848. His mother died when he was seven years old. He had a good common education and attended Wabash College some time. He began life for himself when fourteen years old. He enlisted in Co. K, 154th Ind. Vols., and served till the close of the war. In 1870 he was appointed deputy sheriff, and discharged the duties of his office so efficiently for ten years that in 1880 he was nominated and elected sheriff of the county. Mr. Wilhite is a Mason, an Odd-Fellow, a Knight of Pythias and a republican. He was married February 16, 1871, to Miss Mary F. Sidener. They have one child, Ada E., born August 4, 1873. Mr. Wilhite is one of the best sheriffs in the state.

Howard W. Smith, livery man, Crawfordsville, was born in Montgomery county, March 30, 1849. He had a common school education and attended college one year. He always lived on a farm near Crawfordsville until 1875, when he came to the city and engaged in his present business. He has a large stable and a good stock of horses and buggies. He was married November 1877, to Miss Laura M. Hall, daughter of Thomas and Nancy J. Hall.

Jonathan Winter, farmer, Darlington, was born March 28, 1849, in this county. His father, Jesse Winter, was born in Harrison county, Indiana, January 7, 1809, and died March 21, 1878. He was a farmer all his life, but for several years ran a saw-mill in connection with his farm. He settled in Montgomery county about 1849, and until his death lived upon the place he first improved, a farm of 221 acres. June 15, 1848, he was married to Miss Mary Airhart, who was born January 14, 1820, in Virginia, and is a firm member of the Methodist church. Her father, Peter Airhart, a veteran of the war of 1812, was one of the pioneers of this county, and an exemplary man. They became] the parents of three children : Jonathan, Sarah and Mary E. Sarah married Henry Man- ker; Mary E. married Cyrus Woody, and is now living in Wills county, Iowa. Mr. Winter was a member of the Methodist church and a republican, formerly using his influence in favor of the doctrines of the whig party. In 1840 he was a delegate to the convention that nominated Gen. Harrison for the presidency. Jonathan Winter was born March 28, 1849, in Montgomery county. He had the advantages of a common school education and one term of scientific instruction at the Darlington Academy. He now manages the farm and is acknowledged to be a thoroughly scientific agriculturist. He is a member of the Methodist church and a member of the Detective Association. He enjoys the conversation of posted men, has quite a taste for reading and has gratified it to a considerable extent. His political faith is republican.

Gen. Henry Beebee Carrington, LL.D., of the United States army, was born at Wallingford, Connecticut, March 2, 1824. He is the son of Miles and Mary (Beebee) Carrington. The name figures as early as 1192 in English history, and the Beebees took their name, with the Beehive coat-of-arms, during the protectorate of Cromwell, in recognition of industry and usefulness in the Puritan cause. Gen. Carrington's grandfather, James Carrington, was a partner of Eli Whitney, inventor of the cotton-gin, and from about the year 1800 until 1825 was superintendent of the manufacture of arms for the United States at Whitneyville, Connecticut, and for a long time inspector of public work at the Springfield and Harper's Ferry United States armories. As a memento of past times, Eli Witney Jr. sent a fowling-piece of his own manufacture to the general's second son, James, as  an expression of profound respect for his own father's friend." The site of Simpson, Hall & Go's Britannia works, at Wallingford, Connecticut, is known as " Carrington's Pond, in memory of James Carrington, who indulged his inventive taste in the manufacture of the first parallel rulers, coffee-mills, and other original mechanical products, as he gained time from public work. He also built the first factory there. Gen. Carrington's maternal grandfather and great-grandfather, as well as himself, were graduates of Yale College, and the second named bore part in the French and Canadian war of 1757, the original address which he delivered to the soldiers on the eve of departure for Canada being still in possession of the family. The subject of this sketch began preparation for college in 1835, at Torringford, Connecticut, in the old house of Samuel J. Mills, the early missionary, and under the instruction of Rev. William Goodman and Dr. E. D. Hudson, who were among the earliest abolitionists, and were repeatedly mobbed in New England for their sentiments. While at this school an incident occurred which made a permanent impression upon the young student. A stranger visited the school, addressed the boys upon African history and the horrors of the slave-trade, and then asked all to stand up who would pledge themselves in after years to pray and work for universal liberty. Young Carrington was one of two who gave this pledge. The stranger, placing a hand upon the head of each, repeated the following singular benediction: " Now, may God the Father, my Father, your Father, and the African's Father; Christ the Savior, my Savior, your Savior, and the African's Savior; and the Holy Ghost, the Comforter, my Comforter, your Comforter, and the African's Comforter, bring you early to Jesus, and give you grace to redeem your pledge." It was not until years after that it was known that this stranger was John Ossawatomie Brown, whose soul, "still marching on," is immortal in song and history. How well the subject of this sketch proved faithful to the pledge so solemnly imposed is shown in his whole subsequent career. From 1837 to 1840 he was under the instruction of Simeon Hart, of Farmington, Connecticut, joining the Congregational church there, under the care of Rev. Noah Porter Sr., and being taught in Latin and Greek by his son, who had previously graduated from Yale College. At that time the Armistead slaves were on a farm at Farmington, pending the decision of their future destiny. The impression previously made by John Brown's appeals was deepened when a mob broke the glass windows of Rev. Dr. Porter's lecture-room because he offered prayer that the negroes might never be returned to slavery. With a strong predilection for military studies he had to contend with decided tendencies to lung troubles, but, surrendering his first choice, graduated at Yale College in 1845, with a class which afterward furnished seven generals to the war, including Gens. Richard Taylor, Tappan, St. John, and others, he being the only general officer from the class who was in the national arm}'. Upon leaving college he became professor of natural philosophy and chemistry at the Irving Institute, Tarrytown, New York, where he enjoyed the friendship, advice, and encouragement of Washington Irving, and began that inquiry into our national history which culminated, after thirty years of study, in his great work " The Battles of the American Revolution." The students were organized as a military organization, a gymnasium was built, and he had a foretaste of the work which, many years after, he performed for Wabash College, Indiana. In 1847 he entered the law school of Yale College, supplementing his legal study by filling the position of professor of natural science at the New Haven Young Ladies' Collegiate Institute. In 1848 he located at Columbus, Ohio, first as law partner of Hon. Aaron F. Perry, now of Cincinnati, and then, for nine years, with Hon. William Dennison, afterward governor of the state. In 1849 he participated, with two other young men, in protecting Frederick Douglass from an attempt made by a mob to drown out with a fire-engine his advertised address at the old state- house; and in 1854 took an active part in the protest against the pro- slavery operations in Kansas and Nebraska. It is an interesting incident that in 1861, from the steps of the new state-house, in the same grounds, he presented to a company of the 58th Massachusetts the first colors placed in the hands of colored troops. As a representative of the twelfth (Columbus) Ohio district, in the state convention of June 17 of that year, he was placed upon the committee upon resolutions, along with Joshua R. Giddings, J. J. Root, Ephraim R. Eckley, Rufus P. Spaulding, and others, and was selected by the convention for chairman of the committee of seven which was instructed to correspond with friends of liberty throughout the country, and secure concert of action in the organization of the new party, which soon adopted the name republican. An intimate friendship was at once formed with Salmon P. Chase, and one which never wavered. Upon entering on his duties as governor, Mr. Chase commissioned Gen. Carrington as judge advocate, then as inspector-general, and finally as adjutant-general, which office he retained until 1861, when he entered the regular army. In 1857 Gov. Chase initiated a thorough state militia system, accompanying the adjutant-general during his visits to encampments. An issue arose between the Ohio state and the United States authorities as to certain arrests made near Xenia, under the fugitive slave law, and Gen. Carrington was deputized to visit President Buchanan and Secretary Cass, and arrange for an interview as a basis of settlement of the vexed conflict. It was agreed that whichever party first gained jurisdiction should proceed to try cases; and Mr. Chase declared that, while he would respect federal authority when legitimately used, he would exhaust the power of the state in vindication of its own rightful process. On another occasion, when the Ohio supreme court tested, by writ of habeas corpus, the legality of certain fines and imprisonments made in Cuyahoga county, under the same fugitive slave law, the militia of Columbus were put under arms to enforce the finding of the court, in case it should discharge the parties and rearrest be attempted. During twelve years' practice of the law Gen. Carrington followed up his scientific studies, besides being the attorney of the railroads of central Ohio, including those to Cincinnati and Cleveland, but with equal fidelity devoted his leisure hours to the perusal of classic authors, thus laying the foundation of his work upon " Pre-Christian Assurances of Immortality and Accountability," which embraces a selection from Latin and Greek authors upon those themes. He was elder in the Second Presbyterian church, at Columbus, for a time superintendent of its Sunday-school, and had charge of the erection of its fine church edifice; was president of the Young Men's Christian Association of the city, and, with H. Thane Miller, Esq., of Cincinnati, attended as a delegate from Ohio the first international association, held at Montreal in 1849. For months before the war began he was earnestly interested in the preparation of the state militia for the contingency already foreseen. A letter from Senator Chase in February advised the selection of good officers, as the best advised persons were anticipating war. Secretary Cass thus wrote in the spring : " We have indeed fallen upon evil times, when those who should preserve seem bent upon destroying the country." Impressed by the urgency Gen. Carrington wrote to Gen. Wool, then commanding at Troy, New York, for 10,000 stand of arms, and announced,'in an address entitled "The Hour, the Peril, and the Duty," that the nation was " on the verge of a war which would outlast a presidential term, would cost hundreds of thousands of lives and thousands of millions of treasure ; but that in the end the continent would be free, and the nations would pay us homage." This was repeated at the request of the members of the Ohio senate, especially of Mr. Garfield and Mr. Cox (both of whom became generals in the service), but before it was delivered a second time the annoucement of the fall of Sumter was received. Upon the first call for troops two regiments were started for Washington from Ohio within sixty hours; a foundry was opened on Sunday for casting round shot for a battery, and under the orders of Gen. McClellan, to whom Gov. Dennison had intrusted the command of the state troops, nine full regiments were moved to West Virginia before the United States three-months men were organized. The thanks of the secretary of war and of Gens. Scott and Wool for this prompt action were followed by the detail of Gen. Carrington as visitor to West Point, and by his appointment as colonel of the 18th United States Inf., they concurring with Secretary Chase in a recommendation to the president for his selection to a full colonelcy. A regular army camp was established near Columbus, Ohio, under his command, for the organization of the 15th, 16th, 18th, and 19th U. S. Inf. The demands of the service left little time for drilling men in camp; so that in the fall of 1861 he reported to Gen. Buell with twelve companies of the 18th and six of the 16th Inf. He was assigned to the command of his regiment, the 9th and 35th Ohio and the 2d Minnesota, and joined Gen. Thomas at Lebanon, Kentucky. Being required to complete his regiment, he returned to Ohio and filled it to its maximum of 2,453 men, but in the pressure of the Kirby Smith campaign he was transferred to Indiana, to hasten the organization and movement of its troops to the front. Promotion as brigadier-general of volunteers followed in 1862, and as district commander, superintendent of recruiting service, and commander of the draft rendezvous, he had charge of the organization of nearly 139,000 men in Indiana, in addition to the regular troops and the early regiments raised from Ohio. For services in raising the siege of Frankfort he received the thanks of Gov. Bram- lette, and fnlly disclosed the secret operations of the Sous of Liberty and other treasonable orders along, and north of, the Ohio river. His personal relations were extremely intimate with Gov. Morton, and he entertained the strongest confidence in the purity, patriotism, and statesmanship of that extraordinary man. Upon muster out as general of volunteers he joined his regiment in the army of the Cumberland, presided over the military commission at Louisville for the trial of guerrillas, and was then sent to the plains to replace volunteer troops with his own regiment. Late in 1865 he was in command, at Fort Kearney, of the east subdistrict of Nebraska, supervising Indian operations on the Republican river. In May, 1866, he commanded the expedition to open a wagon-route to Montana by the Powder Rive*r and Big Horn Mountain countries, built Fort Kearney and other posts, commanded the Rocky Mountain district, and was through the harassing Indian operations connected with the Red Cloud campaign. In 1867 he was in charge at Fort McPherson, establishing friendly relations with Spotted Tail and other chiefs, commanded at Fort Sedgwick in 1868 and 1869. and was detailed, under an act of congress, as professor of military science at Wabash College, Indiana, in December of that year. In 1870, suifering on account of wounds and exposure incurred while on duty, he was retired from field service, but continued on the college detail at his pleasure. Thus is given, in rapid summary, Gen. Carrington's career as a student, lawyer, and soldier. His record as a litterateur remains to be considered. He has paid little attention to his minor works. "The*Scourge of the Alps," a serial Swiss story of the days of Tell, was written in 1847, while at Tarry- town. " American Classics," or " Incidents of Revolutionary Suffering," followed in 1849, as well as " Russia as a Nation." This was coincident with the visit of Kossuth, from whom he obtained a detailed map of the Russo-Hungarian war, and with whom he formed an enduring friendship. His address upon the Hungarian struggle was the last ever given in the old Ohio state-house, which was burned on the night of its delivery. " Hints to Soldiers Taking the Field " became popular, and the Christian Commission distributed more than 100,000 copies during the war. Lectures and essays have been numerous, including a pamphlet upon the " Mineral Resources of Indiana," and papers upon " Chrome Steel," the " American Railway System," etc., some of which have been read before the British Association of Science in Great Britain. At the Bristol meeting of that scientific body, in 1875, he was placed on the executive committee of the following sections : " Mechanical Science," " Geography," and " Anthropology." His paper upon the " Indians of the Northwest" was published in full in the British papers; and upon the test of the eighty-one ton gun at Woolwich he was called from Paris by telegram from Gen. Campbell, British director-general of artillery, being the only foreigner present at the experiment. " Crisis Thoughts," published in 1878, includes " The Hour, the Peril, and the Duty," with two other orations upon the war. " Ab-sa-ra-ka, Land of Massacre," now in its fifth edition, is a book of nearly four hundred pages, with maps and engravings, giving a full description of Indian battles, massacres, and treaties, from 1865 to 1879, and is carefully accurate, while full of thrilling narrative and adventure ; the first thirty chapters, embodying his wife's experience, were first published in 1868, upon her return from Montana and Dakota. A more important work, the result of research and study extending over a period of thirty years, and the outgrowth of early conferences with Irving, is the " Battles of the American Revolution." The labor upon this work has been immense. British and French authorities, and the faculties of universities, alike extended courtesies during the research ; and while personal surveys of many battle-fields greatly cleared the doubtful questions, the field-notes of British, Hessian, French, and other soldiers, were care- rully tested, and incorporated in the maps, which in every case were drawn by the laborious author. The indorsements of the work include not only public officials abroad, such as ex-president Thiers and Senator La Fayette, of France, but English statesmen, with Bancroft and Lossing, Woolsey and Evarts, Gens. Sherman and Sheridan, and the press without exception. The work is original in design. It not only tells why and how a battle was fought, but, with the aid of the forty splendid maps that adorn the work, each battle-field assumes the character of a slowly moving panorama, in which every movement is presented to the eye. Historic precision blends with descriptive power of a high order to make this work at once valuable to the student of history, and intensely interesting to the general reader. Gen. Carring- ton has. however, made much progress upon another work, for which he is eminently adapted by previous study. This is none other than " The Battles of the Bible," based on the same general plan that characterizes his great American history. This will involve not only a visit to the Holy Land, but research among Hebrew antiquities, with critical examination of many authors and places. He has the assurance of official aid abroad, and possesses the courage to undertake the work. He knows neither fatigue nor doubt in such labors. He has received many compliments from historical societies, and has had several literary titles conferred upon him. He is a member of the United States supreme court bar.
General Carrington has been twice married. His first wife, Margaret Irvin Sullivant, was the eldest daughter of Joseph Sullivant, Esq., a noted scientist and scholar of Columbus, Ohio, and granddaughter of Colonel Joseph McDowell, of Danville, Kentucky. She is described in a memorial volume, published at Columbus, Ohio, in 1874, as "of commanding presence, gentle and dignified in deportment, refined and cultivated in taste, and, while quite delicate in constitution, of great courage and endurance; of a high type of womanhood, loved and respected by both relatives and friends." She accompanied her husband during the war, and with equal fidelity through the years of trying exposure on the plains, from 1865 to 1869. She died at Craw- fordsville, Indiana, May 11, 1870, just after her husband began duty at "Wabash College. Of their children, Mary McDowell, born October 5, 1852, died April 7, 1854; Margaret Irvin, born November 22,1855, died July 25, 1856 ; Joseph Sullivant, born June 9,1859, died September 29, 1859; Morton, born June 23, 1864, died August 23, 1864; Henry Sullivant, born August 5, 1857, was with his parents on the plains, and declined an appointment as engineer cadet at Annapolis, but spent two years with an expedition to the South Seas. He then entered Wabash College, and graduated June 25, 1879. James Beebee was born October 23, 1860; he was also on the plains, and after three years at Wabash College took a commercial course at Russell's Collegiate and Military School, at New Haven, Connecticut. General Car- rington's second wife was the third daughter of Robert Courtney and Eliza Jane Haynes, of Tennessee, Mr.»Conrtney having removed from Richmond, Virginia, in 1825. Although a slave-holder, he was sure that the system was wrong, and that the nation would never realize its highest prosperity until freedom became general. Of peculiar gentleness, combined with firmness in his moral and religious views, he taught and transmitted the precepts which marked his children, when, shortly after his death, the war began. His widow and daughters were thoroughly enlisted in the Union cause. When the first federal troops, consisting of the first battalion of the 15th U. S. Inf., Major John H. King commanding, entered Franklin, Tennessee, March 16, 1862, it was greeted with an outspoken " Hurrah for the banner whose loveliness hallows the air," by one daughter, Florence Octie, afterward Mrs. Cochuower. With her sister Fannie she kept up communication with the federal authorities, and after the battle of Franklin, which raged near their house, the mother, two daughters, and a young brother, John—now a lawyer at Crawfordsville, Indiana—relieved the federal wounded, about two hundred in number, who had been removed to the Presbyterian church, dressed their wouuds and took the sole care of them during seventeen days, until the return of the federal army from Nashville. General Thomas made official notice of the unselfish devotion of this family, and says of the important intelligence communicated by the sister Fannie of the movements of the enemy, " Her information was on all occasions given from patriotic motives, as she has invariably refused any pecuniary reward." The Sanitary Commission published her detailed report of the battle of Franklin, and the trying hospital experience; but an emphatic request limits the writer's desire to give full details of an experience which was that of conscientious duty, avoiding public display. She married Colonel G. W. Grummond after the war. Being subsequently appointed a lieutenant in the 18th TL S. Inf., he was a victim of the Phil. Kearney massacre, of December 21, 1866. A single extract from Mrs. Carrington's "Experience on the Plains" is not to be omitted: "To a woman whose house and heart received the widow as a sister, and whose office it was to advise her of the facts, the recital of the scenes of that day, even at this late period, is full of pain; but at that time the Christian fortitude and holy calmness with which Mrs. Grummond looked up to her Heavenly Father for wisdom and strength inspired all with something of her own patience to know the worst and meet its issues." The tender association of these two women during such an ordeal, and during a winter's march, when the mercury was sometimes forty degrees below zero, was never interrupted. While one accompanied her husband's remains to Tennessee, Mrs. Carrington underwent nearly three more years of frontier exposure, and survived that exposure but a few months after her husband reached Wabash College. In April, 1871, General Carrington married the former companion of his wife's experience on the plains. Their children are: Robert Chase, born January 28, 1872; Henrietta, born April 28, 1874; Eliza Jennie, born April 27, 1875; and Willie Wands, by Mrs. Carrington's first husband, born April 14, 1867, and adopted by General Carrington upon his second marriage. General Carrington retained his voluntary detail at Wabash College until June, 1878; was called to deliver the historical oration at Monmonth, New Jersey, when the corner-stone was laid to the battle monument, June 28, and since that time has devoted himself to the completion of his other works, already referred to. Thus far he has declined positions tendered as railroad engineer and professor of history, but has accepted an invitation to complete his paper on American and European railway systems, for future delivery in Great Britain.

James S. McClelland, M.D. (deceased), Crawfordsville, was born in Oxford, Butler county, Ohio, September 3, 1821. He received his literary education in Miami University, Oxford, and his medical education with his uncle, Dr. James McClelland, at the Ohio Medical College, from which he graduated in 1850. His first place of residence after graduation was at Yountsville, Montgomery county, where he began the practice of medicine with his uncle. He soon began to develop that skill in surgery for which he was always distinguished. He subsequently lived at Pleasant Hill, in this county. From thence he moved to Jefferson, Clinton county, and afterward to Frankfort. While in Frankfort he was elected to represent Clinton county in the state legislature, and was an elector for Buchanan in the presidential election of 1856. He removed from Frankfort to Dallas, Vermilion county, Illinois, to improve some land he had in that county. In the spring of 1861 he went to Frankfort to transact some business, and while there the news came of the rebel attack upon the flag at Fort Sumter. The same week he enlisted a company of soldiers, but did not go with them to war. He returned to Dallas and enlisted in the 25th 111. Vols., of which he was made lieutenant-colonel. He was soon appointed medical director on the staff of Gen. Sigel, in Missouri. He served there a period and was then transferred to the department of the Tennessee, where he served as inspector-general of field hospitals. He remained in this capacity till the early part of August, 1863, when he received an injury; on account of which he was mustered out of service. From the injury then received dates the disease from which he Suffered so much and which terminated his life August 29, 1875. "When he left the service in the army he settled in Crawfordsville. In a short time, his health having improved, he again entered the army as surgeon of the 154:th Ind.reg., but was soon called to other and varied duties. Finally he was appointed to a position on the staff of Gen. Sherman, who was at Atlanta preparing for his march to the sea. The doctor hurried on his way. But arriving at Chattanooga he found that the last train for Atlanta had just left, and he could go no farther. He never ceased to regret that he thus lost the opportunity to share in the honors of that great military achievement. He was energetic, vigilant, and efficient in the discharge of his military duties. His whole heart was in the service. His sympathy for his wounded soldiers was unbounded. Many times did his heart sink at the rough and inefficient treatment of these poor individuals, whose life was ebbing away in defense of liberty and the union of the states. After the war his home was in this city, and he stood before his fellows as an eminent physician and surgeon. He was married' in 1859, and became the father of two sons and four daughters, who survive him: Albert J., a physician of Veedersburg, Indiana ; William D., Angelon R., Mary Kate, Mable W. and, Jessie E. Prior to the war he was a democrat, but afterward joined the republican party. He was a prominent Mason and was buried by that order. He was quite a literary man, contributing at various times many interesting articles and poems to different weeklies and magazines.

David F. McClure, dry-goods merchant, Crawfordsville, was born in Bath county, Kentucky, December 15, 1829. lie lived on the farm until he was twenty-six years old, and only went to school four months in his life, yet by study and observation he has acquired a good practical business education. He came to Crawfordsville in 1850, and began as clerk with F. H. Tery, and continued thus for two years, when he took an interest in the store.. He remained in partnership with him until Mr. Tery died, in 1860, when his son, "W. S. Tery, took his father's interest in the store, the firm of McClure and Tery continuing until the death of the latter, about 1875, when Mr. McClure became the sole proprietor of what is now known as " Trade Palace." During the twenty-seven years that Mr. McClure has been in business he has not had a vacation of six weeks. His remarkable success is owing to his close application to business, energy, and strict honesty. His paper has never been protested, and he lias never asked for an extension of time, and has never failed. His stone building is 4:0x150 feet, and lie carries a stock worth about $35,000, his yearly sales amounting to from $80,000 to $100,000, and employs sixteen clerks. He began in this city with sixty-five dollars. He served ten months in the Mexican war, under Gen. "William O. Butler, and was in Co. D, 3d Ky. Vols. He was married in Shelby county, Kentucky, November 20, 1856, to Miss Elizabeth Carter. She is a member of the Missionary Baptist church. They have two children, Nannie F. and Walter B. In politics Mr. McClure was first a whig and since then has been a republican, and has been an elder in the Presbyterian church for twenty-nine years.

Eli Compton, justice of the peace, Crawfordsville, is a native of Dsvvton, Ohio, May 19, 1816, being the date of his birth. His father, Amos Compton, was born in South Carolina, and his mother in East Tennessee. Their parents brought them to Ohio, where they were married. In 1858 or 185!) they moved to Iowa, and there both died in 1864, and are resting in Marshall county. He was a prominent democrat, and served as justice of the peace several years. She was a member of the Methodist church. The Comptons were formerly Quakers, or Friends. Eli Compton's life has been somewhat varied in the different channels of labor in which he has sought a livelihood. He spent the first twenty-three years of his life on a farm. At that age he came to Tippecauoe county, Indiana, and was engaged in superintending the construction of a plank road from La Fayeite to Crawfordsville. In 1850 he came to Montgomery county, aud entered the saw-mill or lumber business, and for two years superintended the cutting of the railroad bed through Crawfordsville and vicinity, and grading of one mile of that road, viz. the New Albany, Louisville and Chicago. During the civil war he spent two years in the quartermaster's department as an employe. lie has spent one year in the hardware store of Cumberland it llarter, also with Cumberland & Graves for a time. During the past eight years he has acted as constable in Montgomery county, and in 1880 was elected justice of the peace. His office is over Allen Brothers' store. Mr. Compton supports the republican party. He was married December 19, 183!.), to Matilda, daughter of Levi and Betsy Mills, of Fort Wayne, Indiana. They have had nine children, but five of whom are living: Matilda J., Angelia A., Evilyn II., Ella W. and Charles H. They have also shown a kindness in taking an orphan girl, Lottie Martin, to care for. Mr. Compton's education utilized six months of his life in the school-room, but he looks well tm his children's accomplishments. Three of his children, Matilda, Ella and Eva, are now teachers, while Charles is employed in the printing office of the Crawfordsville "Journal." Mr. and Mrs. Compton are members of the Presbyterian church.

John L. Wilson, lawyer, Crawfordsville, was born August 7, 1850, in Montgomery county. In 1874 he graduated in the classical course of Wabash College. He spent the next two years in the pension office at Washington. Mr. Wilson was elected in October, 1880, by the republicans to represent Montgomery county in the state legislature. He is a Mason, and an active, energetic young man.

Horace M. Clark, farmer, (larfield, was born September 6, 1850. His father, Samuel Clark, was born in South Carolina, and in 183s settled in Rush county, Indiana, where he resided until 1847, which time marks the date of his arrival in Montgomery county. He was a miller by trade, and ran the Clark mill, in connection with his farm, several years with good success. He was born in 1799, and died in 1878. He was a Friend and a strong abolitionist. He was always found in the front ranks, fighting for the principles he firmly believed to be right, and made his house a station on the "underground railroad," where the weary and persecuted refugee was fed, clothed, and cheered onward in his flight for liberty. He came from a slave state, knew the horrors of the curse, and hated it. He adopted for his motto, "In matters of conscience first thoughts are the best, while in matters of judgment, the last," and acted strictly upon it. His life is the perfect embodiment of a grand lesson, teaching every young man that principle should be sacrificed for no cost, for no consideration. He was a man possessed of a lively sense of the right, and he loved to exercise his judgment in the cause of religion, education, and political liberty. His mother, Mary D. Clark, was born in 1809, and is a native of North Carolina, from whence they came in 1818 to Orange county, Indiana, and in 1831 arrived in Montgomery. She was also a Friend, and through her long, eventful life has ever exercised the same Christian forbearance that characterizes that model sect. Horace M. has spent the majority of his years in teaching and farming. He entered Wabash College in 1869, and after six years of patient research graduated with honor in the classical course in 1875. After his graduation he began teaching in this county, and by his thoroughness and systematic classification of practical information imparted to his students, rapidly rose in the estimation of men capable of passing upon superior methods and men. He also studied law, but on account of poor health was compelled to abandon his desires in that direction. He then went west, and taught several months in California, Oregon, and Washington territory. He is a member of the Friends church, and of the Phi-Beta-Kappa Society of Wabash College. He is a zealous advocate of the principles of the republican party. His home consists of eighty acres, well improved, six miles from Crawfordsville.

Dr. J. S. French, Crawfordsville, is the son of Simon and Mary (Smock) French, the former of whom was born in New Jersey in 1800, moved to Kentucky in 1821, to Marion county, Indiana, in 1830, and came to Montgomery county in 1844. He was a chair- maker by trade, and an abolitionist and republican in politics. His father was compelled by the British, during the revolutionary, war to pilot them through New Jersey. His wife, Mary, was born in 1S05, and died in 1861. Her brother was in the war of 1812. Both Mr. and Mrs. French were members of the Presbyterian church. J. S. French, one of five children, was born in Mercer county, Kentucky, July 14, 1829. He spent four years in Wabash College, and at the age of twenty-one engaged in teaching, which he followed continuously till twenty-seven ye-ars of age. He then began the study of medicine under Dr. J. W. Straughan, of Parkersburg, with whom he stayed for two years. He then attended Rush Medical College, Chicago, and leaving this institution he settled for practice in Wavelaud. Two years after he moved to Alamo, where he remained two years, and then became assistant surgeon in the 120th Ind. Yols. Returning from the army, he resumed his practice at Alamo. In February, 18MO, he came to Crawf'ordsville, where he is fast establishing himself in his profession. Dr. French is a strong republican, a member of the Alamo Lodge of ()dd-Fellows, and also of the Grand Army of the Republic. lie has been twice married. First, to Jemima Mann, of Parke county, who died leaving three children : Rebecca E., David W. and Thomas A.; and second, to Mary Stubbing, who died leaving two children : Sarah J. and Frederick C. Both were members of the Presbyterian church, and their fathers were elders in that church. Mr. French is experienced in his profession, and well known in Montgomery county.

Edward C. Snyder, attorney, Crawfordsville, was born in Washington county, Maryland, October 7, 1843, and is the son of George and Annie (Fogwell) Snyder. The Snyders are of German descent, while the Fogwells are English. Mr. Snyder's parents came from Ohio to Indiana when he was a small child, and settled near Crawfordsville. but in the following year returned to Ohio, hence Mr. Snyder spent his youth mostly in the "Buckeye State." When nearly eighteen years of age he enlisted for the war, but on account of the failure to organize the regiment to which he allied himself he enlisted again, on his eighteenth birthday, in Co. E, 74th Ohio, under Col. Granville Moody. Mr. Snyder fought for his country in the battle of Stone River, where he was wounded and taken prisoner, and in three days paroled. After one week's stay in Murfreesboro he resumed his place in the ranks and participated in the battles of Hoover's Gap, Tullahoma, Dug Gap. Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, Tunnel Hill, Atlanta, and on to the sea. At Jonesboro he was again wounded, but continued in the ranks. Mr. Snyder enlisted a private, and was mustered out July 10, 1865, a commissioned sergeant. In 1866 he came to Indiana, and was engaged in the saw and flour mill near Darlington, and in dne year returned to Ohio, clerking at Xenia. He soon returned to Indiana, and worked in the mill of his half brother. J. M. Troutman, nearYountsville. In 1872 Mr. Snyder began the study of law with Hon. M. D. White, of Crawfordsville. In 1878 he was elected city attorney, and reflected in 1880. By application to study and fair dealing with men he has become established in his profession. He is a thorough republican, his father having been a radical abolitionist.

Daniel Gilkey was born May 9, 1805, in Butler county, Ohio. His parents, Robert and Sally (Kercheval) Gilkey, came to Montgoinery county in 1826, and settled in Eipley township. Robert Gil- key was a native of North Carolina, fought in the war of 1812, was a whig iu politics, and a fanner by occupation. Besides farming lie built a saw-mill and a distillery, and afterward a grist-mill, in Montgomery county. His wife, Sally Gilkey, was a Virginian. She died in 1849, having survived ber husband but one year. They were both members of the old Baptist church. Daniel Gilkey received his education mostly behind the plow, or in the mill. When twenty-four years of age he began farming for himself. During the years from 1837 to 1840 he built a carding and grist-mill on Gilkey's branch, in Ripley township. The mill had two sets of burrs, and was run until 185o, when Mr. Gilkey sold and moved to Crawfordsville, and engaged in the grain trade and flour commission business, which he continued for ten years, in the firm of Lee, Gilkey & Co. He next became director in the First National Bank of Crawfordsville, with 'one-tenth interest in a capital stock of §100,000. Mr. Gilkey improved the city also by adding to the extent of one-half in the Crawfordsville Opera House and one-fourth in Union Block. When Daniel started for himself his father gave him a quarter section of land, and by industry and economy he has added to his purse until he is now able to live a retired life. Mr. Gilkey was for many years a whig, but when republicanism took its rise he embraced its principles. October 30, 1871, he was married to Julia Mitchell, daughter of Mrs. Laura Mitchell, of Crawfordsville. She was born and raised in the same place. They have one child, Mary D., born November 18, 1873. Mr. Gilkey well remembers when he, his father, and his brother Squire, came to the woods of Indiana, built a log cabin 20x20, then brought out the family, traveling from Connersville, 115 miles, in seventeen days. Xow the trip can be made in about five hours.

C. W. Eltzroth, merchant, Crawfordsville, was born May 6, 1825, in Randolph county, Indiana, and is a son of John Eltzroth. His father came to Indiana in 1818 and settled in Randolph county, on the land afterward laid out for the county seat.' He became a large property owner. He filled the offices of county commissioner and sheriff. He died January 2, 1880, at the age of ninety-four years. C. W. Eltzroth came from Wabash county to Crawfordsville in 1850, and engaged in pork packing and merchandising. He has improved the city by numerous buildings. In 1864 he began the real-estate business. He has bnilt six houses, and bought and sold property quite extensively. He bnilt a public hall, which he controlled seventeen years. He now owns three store-buildings and three residences. He has made his fortune by industry and rigid economy. At the beginning of the war he left his business with his clerks and assisted in getting volunteers to fill the quota of the county, and later furnished horses for government use. Mr. Eltzroth was married October 12, 1853, to Elizabeth Bene- fiel, daughter of George W. Benetiel, of Montgomery county. She died in July 1854. He was next married to Eliza M. Snook, daughter of Dr. Henry T. Snook, an early settler of Montgomery county. They have four children. Both are members of the Presbyterian church, and he is a Mason. He is at present dealing in all kinds of secondhand goods at No. 19 North Green street, at the store known as the " Old Curiosity Shop."

Cornelius Blair, gardener and seedsman, Crawfordsville, was born November 9, 1819, in Butler county, Ohio, and is the son of Robert and Rachel (Wortman) Blair, both born and married in New Jersey, and of Scotch descent. The parents of Mr. Blair settled in Warren county, Ohio, in 1812, and two years afterward in Butler county. His mother died in 1826, and his father in 1839 moved to Illinois, where in 1851 he died. They were good, plain farmers. He was a federalist and a whig. She was a member of the Presbyterian church. Cornelius Blair was the youngest of ten children, of whom there are but four now living. He spent his young days on a farm till 1847, when he began learning the wagon trade in Greencastle, Indiana, having prior to this time gone to Illinois with his father. In 1851 he came to Crawfordsville and engaged in market gardening, which he still follows. In connection with his garden he keeps a fruit and vegetable supply store. He is well known in the county as the Crawfordsville seedsman. Mr. Blair was married March 3, 1850, to Susan D. Johnson, daughter of Chillion and Ann Johnson. She was born November 24, 1825, is a member of the Regular Baptist church, and he is a Methodist. They have one child, Millie, born December 25,1853. Mr. Blair is a republican.

Taylor Buffington, carpenter, contractor, and builder, Crawfordsville, was born in Chester county, Pennsylvania, March 24, 1813, on the battle-ground of Brandywine. He lived there1 until he was twenty-three years old, five years of this being used in learning his trade. He then went to Louisville, Kentucky, and studied architecture for about two years. He next went to Shelby county, where he did an extensive business, building houses for many of the prominent men. He afterward lived in Fayette county, Kentucky, and was married March 6, 1845. He has had three children, two boys and one girl. Mr. Buffington settled in Crawfordsville in 1852. He has assisted in building the Wabash College, and built many of the finest and largest buildings in the city. He is an Odd-Fellow, a republican, a member of the First Presbyterian church, and the oldest architect in the city. His wife is a member of the Christian church. Julian, the eon of Taylor Buffington, enlisted in the 135th Ind. Yols. when he was sixteen years old. He was enrolled April 26, 1864, discharged September 21, 1864. He reonlisted in the 154th Ind. Vola., and was enrolled March 17, 1865, and discharged August 4, 1865.

Wilson H. Laymon, merchant, Crawfordsville, was born November 4, 1823, in Butler county, Ohio. His parents, Joseph and Hannah (Harper) Laymon, were natives of the same county. The Laymons are of German and the Harpers of English descent. Joseph Layraon was a merchant, and was located at different times in West Chester, Ohio, then in Cincinnati, and later in Crawfordsville, where, April 26, 1856, he died, at the age of fifty-six years. He had been a prominent democrat, having been county treasurer in Butler county, Ohio, for many years. He and wife were members of the Baptist church. W. H. Laymon spent his first fourteen years in the place of his nativity. At that age he was sent to Middletown high school, where he remained three years, then attended Miami University, at Oxford, two years, after which he read law with Thomas Millikin, an eminent lawyer of Hamilton, Ohio. After three years reading he was admitted to the bar at Columbus, Ohio, January 8, 1845. He immediately formed a copartnership with a Mr. Layne, of Lawrenceburg, Indiana, a democratic politician and member of congress. During this time Mr. Laymon was associated with John B. Hall as editor of the Lawrenceburg "Register" for one year. He removed from Lawrencebnrg to Hamilton, Ohio, for the practice of law, where, in 1847, he was elected clerk of St. Clair township, which oifice he filled three years. In 1848 he was elected justice of the peace; in 1849, county auditor, on the independent democratic ticket, and served one term, and in connection with official duties edited and published the Miami " Democrat." In 1852 he went to Cincinnati and became local editor of the daily "Citizen." To gratify his father, who was getting old, he severed his connection with that paper and came to Crawfordsville, where he and his father engaged in the wholesale and retail grocery business, which they continued until the senior partner's death, when Milton P. Laymon took his father's place in the firm and continued till 1859. August 25, 1862, Mr. Laymon enlisted in Co. F, 86th Ind. Vols., and October 1, 1862, was appointed fifth sergeant. He was made first sergeant December 31, 1862, by Col. Hamilton, for gallant services at Stone River, then commissioned second lieutenant for similar reason, and December 1863, was commissioned first lieutenant for meritorious conduct at Mission Ridge. In June, 1864, he was promoted to the captaincy of his company. He served at the battles of Perryville, Stone River, Tullahoma, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, all the battles from Tunnel Hilk to Atlanta, which city he entered at the head of his company. He then engaged against Hood on the skirmish line from Pu- laski to Nashville. He fought in fifty-eight battles. At Stone River he was stunned by the explosion of a shell, and while lying on the ground the rebel army passed over him. At the close of the war he returned to Crawfordsville. Shortly after the incorporation of Craw- fordsville as a city, at a citizens' meeting, without regard to politics, Mr. Layinon was nominated for the mayorality and afterward elected. He filled the mayor's chair two terms and was then appointed assistant assessor of the eighth internal revenue district, and held the position four years, till the office was abolished. He was then again elected mayor, but at the end of the first year he resigned and engaged in the restaurant business, which he still continues. He was married November 13, 1845, to Sarah A. Cooch, daughter of Lowen K. and Eleanor (Taylor) Cooch, of Hamilton, Ohio. She was born in Butler county, Ohio. They have had three children: Emma D. deceased, and William H. and James [T. living. Mrs. Laymon is a member of the Methodist church. Mr. Laymon was a democrat till 1860, but is now a republican.

Aaron H. Blair, stave-dealer, Crawfordsville, was born in Jefferson, county, Indiana, November 16,1831. His boyhood was spent in working and going to school. His parents came to Crawfordsville in 1852. His father, John W., died about 1874, and his mother, Eliza, in 1877. Mr. Blair began for himself by selling dry goods in this city, when twenty years old, and followed that about two years, and then went into general merchandising for four years. He was also engaged for twelve years in pork packing and groceries. Since then he has been engaged in the manufacture of staves and headings. Mr. Blair has been quite successful in life. In politics he is a strong adherent to the principles of the republican party. He was married in 1861, to Miss Helen L. Elston. She is a graduate of Star Seminary. They have one child, Anna E., born September 28, 1863, and has attended the high school of this city, and the female seminary at Indianapolis one year. She and her mother are members of the Methodist church. Mr. Blair has a fine residence on Main street.

Darwin F. Hills, wool manufacturer, Crawfordsville, was born in Hartford, Connecticut, December 6, 1806. His father, James H. Hills, was a successful physician. He wanted to go to the war of 1812, bat his fellow-citizens petitioned him to remain at home, because his medical services were needed ; but when General Hull, the patriot and coward, surrendered, the doctor could stay at home no longer ; so he went to the army. The subject of this sketch had the meager advantages afforded by the common schools of his day. At sixteen years of age he began an apprenticeship of four years in a woolen manufactory. After this he went in partnership with a man in Greene county, Ohio. In 1834 he went to Union county, Indiana; in 1842 to Richmond, In diana; in 1844 back to Greene county, Ohio, and in the spring of 1852 settled in Crawfordsville, where he has ever since been engaged in the woolen business. He began life without anything, and has been quite successful. He was first a whig, is now a republican, and has been an elder in the Presbyterian church for thirty-five years. Mr. Hills was married November, 1828, to Sarah Anderson, who was born January 1, 1804, and is a member of the Presbyterian church. They have eight children living: Edwin H., Darwin F., Henry H., Richard M., Oscar A., David A., Francis E. and Beulah I. The latter is a graduate of Glendale Seminary, and has taught school two years, Oscar graduated in the classical course of Wabash College, and from Allegheny Seminary, Pennsylvania, where he is now preaching in the Old South church. David and Francis enlisted, in 1861, in Co. I, llth Ind. Vols., of which David was made captain. They served to the close of the war, and were in many battles and did good service for the Union.

William J. Fisher, farmer and stock raiser, Whitesville, was born on a farm near La Grange, in Oldham county, October 29, 1827. His father, Brandes Fisher, was born March 15, 1797, in Shelby county, Kentucky, and here resided beneath the parental roof until his marriage, when he took up his residence in Oldham county, where he was engaged in farming until his death, which occurred December 31,1870. He received but a meager education, but added thereto by a wide range of reading. March 15, 1821, he was married to Nancy Mount, daughter of John and Lydia (Jennings) Mount, who was born in Old- bam county, Kentucky, February 12,1800. They were the parents of six children, five of whom are still living: John M., James M. (died October 20, 1826), William J., David O., Thomas C. and Brandes. They were both Baptists, and he a life-long democrat. William J. commenced for himself at the age of twenty, working upon the home farm until his twenty-fourth year, at which time (August 1852) he arrived in Montgomery county, after a five days' journey overland, accompanied with his wife, whom he had married in this county the year previous. Upon his arrival he rented a farm of William Mount, where he labored with fair success three years. He then purchased the eighty acres of his present farm upon which the dwelling stands, and in August, 1855, moved to a portion of his present house, situated in the green woods, and has here remained, making improvements from time to time, until he now has a well improved home and a farm of 210 acres. October 29, 1851, he was married, in Union township, to Louisa C., daughter of James and Phebe B. (Fisher) Montgomery, who was born in Shelby county, Kentucky, September 20,1830. They are the parents of nine children, seven of whom are living : Ada A. is married to 'J. M. Cohoon; Joe Edwin to Lizzie Walker, who died November 13, 1877; George M., born May 31, 1856, died November 16, 1863; Nannie B.; Kizza J., married to George W. Anderson; Mount B.; James A.; Mary A. B., and Willie, born March 7, 1870, and died July 12, 1870. Mr. Fisher is a member of the Missionary Baptist church, and a democrat, casting his first presidential vote for Franklin Pierce, in 1852.

Cornelius Srnock was born January 16, 1801, in Mercer county, Kentucky, and is the son of John and Ann (Vanarsdall) Smock. His parents moved from Pennsylvania to Kentucky, and settled soon after the revolutionary war. His mother's father was Maj. Simon Vanarsdall, in the revolution. The Smocks have been federalists, wliigs, and republicans. Both parents of Mr. Smock were early members of the Dutch Reformed church, and later Presbyterians. His father died August 4, 1824, in Kentucky, his mother in 1854 or 1856. Cornelius was married November 13, 1823, to Elizabeth Adams, and in 1829 came to Johnson county, Indiana, with wife, three children, and his mother. He resided there until 1839, when he moved to Putnamville, Putnam county. There he sold goods for some years. August 1, 1852, his wife died, leaving a husband, son, and seven daughters, to mourn her loss. She had united with the Presbyterian church at the same time as her husband, at Harrodsburg, Kentucky. In 1853 Mr. Smock moved to Crawfordsville, and settled in a pleasant location near the Wabash College. His children are: William A., married, and living in Indianapolis; Ellen V., Jane, Hannah, Mary, Martha W. (died December 22, 1879), Louisa, and Elizabeth. Mr. Smock served as justice of the peace for four years, and county commissioner three years, in Putnam county. His two brothers, John B. and Simon, were in the war of 1812. He united with the Presbyterian church in September 1824. At the death of his uncle, Elder James Smock, February, 1830, he was elected to the vacancy in the church near Greenwood, Johnson county. Soon after settling in Putnam county he was elected elder in the church at Putnamville, March, 1839, and in September, 1853, coming to Crawfordsville, united with Center church, and in the following month was elected elder in that church. Thus he has enjoyed the honors and benefits, and shared the responsibilities,of the eldership for about fifty years. In looking over the past he sees many things that he wishes had been otherwise, but recalls not a word or deed that was intended to unsettle men's belief in God or the bible. He has seen all his children unite with the same church, and in his old age, in the days that cluster around the last of his fourscore years, he finds comfort in the faith he has endeavored to teach so many years.

Hector S. Braden, coal dealer, insurance and railroad agent, Crawfordsville. Among the active business men of Crawfordsville, and those who have aided in improving the city both in individual and public service, Mr. Braden occupies an important place. He is a native of Clinton county, Indiana, having been born there November 22, 1830, and is the son of Burr and Mary (Jenners) Braden. His father was a merchant in Jefferson, Indiana, so that young Braden served some years behind his father's counter. He attended Wabash College two years, then entered a mercantile college in Cincinnati, and in 1853 graduated. Mr. Braden now came to Crawfordsville and became a partner in the firm of Lee, Gilkey & Co. This firm built a large elevator, 60x100, four stories, with railroad track passing through it. For about ten years this firm carried on a business of 50,000 to 75,000 bushels of grain, and a commission trade in flour of about 15,000 barrels. Throughout Lincoln's administration Mr. Braden filled the office of internal revenue collector. In 1863 he was appointed agent for the American Express Company, which position he held until 1878. From 1874 to 1878 he was a prominent member of the city council, occupying the chair in the public and finance committee. During the building of the Indianapolis, Bloomington & Western railroad Mr. Braden was general manager; then for several years was local agent at Crawfordsville. In 1878 he purchased the Sand creek coal banks, and is now proprietor of the same, with a commodious office in Crawfordsville. In connection with his general coal trade he also carries a commission business in flour, is agent for the Union and National Through Fast Freight lines, and agent for New York Underwriters' Insurance Company. He is president of the Crawfordsville and Yountsville Gravel Road Company. It is needless to comment upon the activity of a life so fraught with business. Mr. Braden was married September 16, 1862, to Mary Elston, daughter of Maj. I. C. and Marie E. (Aiken) Elston. Mrs. Braden is a native of Crawfordsville.

John C. Maxwell, fanner, fruit grower, and stock raiser, Crawfordsville, was born in Union county, Indiana, July 21, 1822, and is the son of Thomas and Jemima Maxwell. In 1853 Mr. Maxwell settled in the city of Crawfordsville. He lived in the city eleven years and then traded for the property where he now lives. He had the advantages of a common school education. At the age of twenty-four his father died, and he stayed and took care of his mother until he was thirty-one years old. He began life without any capital, but industry and integrity. He was first married in 1853, to Anna Oneall, of this county. She died September 23, 1870. By this union there were five children : Ella, Frank O., Mary G., Fred. F. and Harry L. Frank attended the common school, and also Wabash College three years. He taught school in the winters for three years. Ella attended the common school, the city schools of Crawfordsville, and one term at Logansport. She has taught school for fire years. Mary also has a good education, and is a school teacher. Mr. Maxwell was married the second time, February 14. 1872, to Mrs. Catherine Paddock, of Union county. By this marriage there are three children, George, John and Ira. Mr. Maxwell has been township assessor, city appraiser twice, and is now vice-president of the Montgomery County Agricultural Society. He is a Mason, and a republican. Mr. Maxwell is now giving special attention to small fruits; and for about five years he has been engaged in raising Jersey cows.

George Hough, insurance and loan agent, Crawfordsville, was born in Muskingum county, Ohio, June 6, 1814, and is a son of John and Frances (Luckey) Hough, svhose parents were natives of Virginia. John Hough, the great-great-grandfather of George Hough, was one of the immortal Mayflower's crew. The Houghs were Quakers or Friends, therefore were not actively engaged in the revolution. However, the house of George's grandfather was a hospital for the American soldiers, and was always full. All his crops, and any other property in his possession, he gave toward abetting the freedom of the united colonies. Benjamin Hough, brother of John Hough, the father of George, surveyed the State of Ohio for the government. So the Houghs have been prominent in the country's annals. Mrs. Frances Hough died in 1844, in Hamilton county, Ohio. She was a member of the Presbyterian church. Her husband, John Hough, went to Illinois, and there died while visiting. He was buried at Hamilton, Ohio. During his life he had been a whig, and at the time of his death, 1858, was a republican. George Hough, subject of this sketch, left home at the age of sixteen, and became a clerk in a Cincinnati wholesale dry- goods house, where he remained seven and a half years. He was then employed three years in another house of the same kind. Leaving Cincinnati, he engaged in the dry-goods trade in Liberty, Missouri, for four years. Mr. Hough then returned to Hamilton, Ohio, and was variously employed. He built a reservoir covering 4,000 acres of land in Ohio, for the Miami canal. For two years he engaged in hotel business. Abont 1854 he came with his wife's step-father, Stephen Inger- soll, to Crawfordsville, who built an addition to the Ristine hotel and kept this until 1856, when it burned, Mr. Hough losing everything. He then wrote or clerked for different parties for two or three years to gain a livelihood. In 1861 he went to the south with a stock of goods, and at the close of the war engaged in the grocery and commission trade, in Memphis, until 1866. He then returned to Crawfordsville, where he bought grain for a time. He was then appointed revenue assessor and also was made clerk and paymaster for the contractors of the Indianapolis, Bloomington & Western railroad. Since that time he has been mostly engaged in clerking for different firms. He is following insurance, real estate and loan business, and is notary public. He represents, with his son-in-law, W. R. Fry, good companies in insurance, and is doing a thriving business in the other branches of their work. Mr. Hough was married in 1842, to Caroline M. Williams, of Hamilton, Ohio, a native of Cincinnati. They have three daughters ; Fannie, now Mrs. W. R. Fry; Emrna, now Mrs. H. O. Fairchild, of Wisconsin, and Hannah, at home. Mr. Hough voted first for Harrison, in 1840, and has walked in the whig and republican ranks ever since. He has often spent pleasant visits at Gen. Harrison's, and the general has frequently occupied Mr. Hough's bed. Mr. Hough has traveled in eleven states. Mr. Fry, his son-in-law and partner in business, spent three years in the civil war, and is well known in Montgomery county.

Duckworth Brothers, grocers, Crawfordsville, are a popular firm, doing business in the roomy building opposite the Catholic church, ou the corner of Pike and Washington streets. They carry a stock of about $2,500, and do a trade of $16,000 to $18,000. They deal extensively in all kinds of feed. Their parents, Alvin L. asd Narcissa (Walker) Duckworth, were both born in Kentucky in 1812, and whither the parents of both had come from North Carolina. In 1854 Mr. and Mrs. Duckworth emigrated from Kentucky to Montgomery county, Indiana, where they bought the square of land on a part of which their residence now stands. They brought with them five children, Thomas, John C., Newton M., Ruth A. and Mary C., all now married. Mrs. Duckworth died April 25, 1867. She with her husband and children are numbered in the membership of the Presbyterian church. For a livelihood Mr. Duckworth has farmed and teamed. He is a democrat in politics, but not ultra. John C., son of the above, was born October 1, 1837, and was educated in the common schools, and at the age eighteen years began the trade of house carpentering. He also spent six years in a cabinet-shop, and six years as a machinist. He is naturally an adept with tools. In February, 1879, he engaged in his present business. Mr. Duckworth was married March 13, 1862, to Elizabeth F. Lasley, daughter of Hannah C. Lasley, of Crawfordsville. They have three boys and three girls. Newton M, Duckworth was born September 23, 1842, in Bath county, Kentucky ; like his brother, farmed till seventeen years of age, when he, too, learned the trade of house carpentering, which he followed till 1879, when he entered his present business.' He was married October 27, 1869, to Mina Wright, of Greencastle, Indiana. Her parents died when she was very small. They have one child, Harry. All the Duckworths are Presbyterians. They support the democratic ticket.

F. N. Johnson, county treasurer, Crawfordsville, was born in Gal- latin covmty, Kentucky, in 1842. He resided there with his parents until he was twelve years old, when they removed to Montgomery county, Indiana, and settled in Brown township, which has since been his residence. In 1867 he began clerking for the firm of Davis & Hanna, general merchants, of Waveland, and in 1873 he became a member of the firm, the firm now being Hanna & Johnson. He continued busily engaged in merchandising until 1878, when he was elected to the office of county treasurer by the democratic party, which gave him a majority of 104- votes. He was elected for two years, and has since been renominated for a second term. He is a member of Waveland Lodge, No. 217, I.O.O.F., and has been a member of the Christian church for twenty years, and is at present superintendent of that church's Sunday-school at Crawfordsville. January 10, 1869, he was married to Miss Julia F. Durham, a native of Kentucky. She died January 6, 1880, leaving two children, Henry F., aged eleven, and John A., aged four years.

James E. Evans, merchant, Crawfordsville, was born December 5, 1849, in the northwestern corner of Putnam county, Indiana, at his grandfather's (James Evans') house. His father, Elza Eyans, died in 1849, at the age of twenty-seven, from the effects of a wound received from the adz of a workman while at work on a barn. This occurred before James was born. Elza Evans was a native of Kentucky, and came with his parents, James and Ruth Evans, to Putnam county, Indiana, in a very early day. Here James Evans entered land and lived a farmer's life. He was a warm whig, and pillar of the church. He helped build the first church in Russellville, and was always foremost in all measures of progress and improvement. Mrs. Elizabeth Evans, now Mrs. Hanna, lives near Waveland, at the age of fifty-three. James B. Evans was raised and educated by his grandfather, James Evans, whose name he bears. He attended the Russellville or Harmon ia College and fitted himself for college. When eighteen years of age he entered the freshman class at Asbury University, and in 1872 graduated in a class of twenty-eight. Leaving college, he began the study of law with Hon. M. D. White and Hon. Lew. Wallace, of Crawfordaville, with whom he stayed one year. He then formed a partnership with Geo. C. Coon for the practice of Iris profession. After one year he associated himself with Geo. C. Paul, but on account of ill health retired from practice and lived with his grandfather on the farm two years, at the end of which time he engaged in the boot and shoe trade with James B. Sidener, in Crawfordsville, which is his present occupation. This firm is more specially noticed in connection with Mr. Sid- ener's sketch. Mr. Evans was married December 8, 1875, to Joanna Graham, daughter of Noble and Carrie Graham, prominent citizens of Crawfordsville. They have two children, Harry G., and a babe.

Biographical sketch of Peter S. Kennedy, by General Lew. Wallace: Mr. Kennedy was born in Bourbon county, Kentucky, July 10, 1829. His grandfather, Joseph Kennedy, was one of the earliest settlers of that county, to which, some years before the commencement of the present century, he removed from near Hagerstown, Maryland. He was a natural farmer, a man of peace, whose general character, as summed up in an old manuscript, was that of one who endeavored all through life to "deal justly, love mercy, and walk humbly, before God." The father of the subject of this sketch was also named Joseph. When quite young he learned the blacksmith trade, which, in connection with farming, he followed as the occupation of his life. In March, 1860, at the age of seventy-seven, he died peacefully, literally worn out by time and hard work. He was not a sociable man, but one of stubborn adherence to his convictions, and fond of reading. He lived and died in poverty, leaving his children the simple inheritance of a name, noted among his neighbors for honesty and charity, although he was a confirmed skeptic in religion. When somewhat advanced in age he married Elizabeth Sharrer, by whom he had nine children, the subject of this sketch being the seventh in order. Mr. Kennedy's friends will be interested in knowing that, as a boy, he was of a melancholy, thoughtful disposition, and that, while seldom seeking the company of other boys, he preferred the companionship of men, for the sake of information, and was a great and constant reader of books of useful knowledge, too heavy for the average lad. His education was principally acquired at the common schools, with a short term at an academy in North Middletown, Kentucky, making him another illustration of the fact that the best part of man's schooling is what he gains by the process of self-teaching. Mr. Kennedy's mental and moral characteristics showed themselves early. From the time he was fifteen years old he engaged in heated discussions about slavery, the liquor traffic, and the annexation of Texas, all common topics of the time. Though these debates were as yet in private circles, they manifested the political turn of his mind, and the independence of his spirit. Thus beginning, he grew a confirmed hater of slavery and oppression in every form, a bold, outspoken enemy of the free sale of intoxicating drinks, and of the schemes and ideas of the democratic party generally. It is not at all singular, therefore, that the first public speech he ever made was in favor of emancipation in Kentucky, a position so unpopular that there was but one individual in his audience who sympathized with him. Resolving very early in life to follow the law, Mr. Kennedy made everything subservient to this idea. In the twentieth year of his age, while teaching school, he began the study of Blackstone ; and from that time to the present he has devoted himself to the profession, trying not more to make himself rich by practice than master of the principles of the great science. Yet he did not bury himself in his office or limit his action to the courts. He wrote much for the leading papers on politics, and with his pen was constantly helping forward reforms of every kind. At one time he contributed a series of eighteen articles for the " Indianapolis Daily Journal," in favor of the protection of home manufacturing. The views advanced, and the manner in which the subject was handled, won the admiration of all who were of his way of thinking, and the ire of opponents. A chief tenet in his political faith has always been that the human race is capable of almost indefinite improvement. Another one is that the condition of the common people depends, in a great measure, upon proper laws and teachings; hence he has been, and now is, actively identified with measures looking to a wise development of the resources of country, and the general improvement of its citizens mentally and physically. It were very strange if his generous labors in these directions had been wholly without fruit; and his biographer is happy to say they were not. Thus learning, from actual practice at the bar, that courts were often hampered by the old rules excluding all persons as witnesses who happened to have an interest in the result of the suit, he went to work to bring about a change of the law in that respect. He wrote much upon the subject, and addressed himself energetically and personally to the members of the legislature. His efforts, after much persistence, were crowned with success. So to-day, thanks to Mr. Kennedy, as much if not more than any other individual in the state, parties to suits may testify in their own behalf. Still, it would seem, he is not content with the triumph. He holds that the statute does not go far enough; that all barriers whatever should be thrown down, and everybody compelled to testify who knows anything about the case in hand; particularly, that there is no more reason for excluding a party whose antagonist is dead, than there would be for excluding him on account of the death of any other witness on the other side. He is of opinion, also, that to allow parties to divorce suits to testify against each other would be a powerful check to bad conduct by both. Other reforms of like public import are attributable not a little to Mr. Kennedy—such as the law prohibiting gravel road companies from charging toll where their roads are not in good repair, and the act revising the judicial system of the state. A man of the ardent nature of Mr. Kennedy could hardly avoid taking part against the rebellion of 1861. He answered President Lincoln's first call for volunteers to serve three months by helping raise a company, and in less than ten days marched with them into camp, where he was elected first lieutenant, though, on account of the sickness of the captain, he really commanded the greater part of the term. His regiment, the 7th (Colonel E. Duruont), served in West Virginia, participating in the battles of Philippi, Laurel Hill,, and Carrick's Ford. At the end of his term of service he returned home, disabled by rheumatism contracted from exposure during the campaign. Unable to reenter the service, he hired a man to take his place in the next company that was made up from his county. Mr. Kennedy was married on October 6, 1853, to Miss Emily Talbot, in Fayette county, Kentucky. The union has proved a most happy one, and has been blessed with six children, all of whom are living. Though Mr. Kennedy has never joined any church, he has a profound respect for the religious opinions of other people, and was never known to speak disrespectfully of them where he believed they were honestly entertained. Believing charitable works are best advanced by organization, Mr. Kennedy very early united himself with both the Odd-Fellows and Masons, and has on several occasions delivered addresses to each. The personal character of Mr. Kennedy is more than above reproach; it is admirable, and in every respect worthy of imitation. He is candid and earnest, slow to suspect others, incapable of treachery, generous to a fault, a true friend, and full of charity for the unfortunate. He loves his home and family dearly, and has the implicit confidence of all his neighbors. In questions of public improvements he has ever been pronounced in favor of progress, holding nothing tending in that direction unimportant. On this account, quite as much as because of his acknowledged ability and integrity, he was elected, in 1874, to the legislature, from Montgomery county, notwithstanding the majority was ordinarily considerably democratic. On the floor of the house he forced recognition as a laborer in committee and a debater of the first rank. In fact he stepped quickly into the leadership of his party, and held his place to the end of the session, extending his reputation throughout the state, and laying the foundation of an influence which lias grown and is now by no means at its limit. But his heart seems to be given chiefly to his profession. He is by nature a lover of the study and practice of law. At the bar he is magnanimous and large- minded, despising tricks and seeking the merits of the case. On the wrong side, he is lethargic and uninterested, but let him believe himself right and he never gets done fighting, and in the heat of the contest strikes like another Cceur de Lion. He makes no pretensions to brilliancy of speech, whether to the court or to the jury, but in the supreme court is formidable, on account of a singular power of statement on paper, and a tenacity of purpose which never weakens. His compeers all agree that Mr. Kennedy is never so much to be dreaded as when he is in danger of defeat. In criminal practice he is seldom heard, because, it is said, his sympathy is most generally with society and against the criminal. He served as prosecuting attorney of the Indianapolis circuit from 1856 to 1858, and in that time probably saw too much of the tricks and perjuries by which crime is defended to care for distinction in its defense. Mr. Kennedy is in the prime of life, hale, hearty, laborious. The crowns of his career are before him. Diligence, sound judgment, talents of high order, added to practice of good morals, a pleasant manner, and striking, manly appearance, will bring him to them as certainly as he lives.

William E. Poynts, fanner, New Market, was born in Scott county, Kentucky, December 27, 1828, and is the fourth child of James and Rebecca (Ross) Poynts. His ancestors on the paternal side were Irish. His mother's people were from Maryland. When very young his father died ; and when he had attained suitable age he was apprenticed to learn the bricklayer's trade. He served three years, and worked one year as journeyman. He married Ann Eliza Rice, February 6, 1851, in Fayette county, Kentucky, and in the following autumn moved to this county and settled in Union township, where he has since made his home. He owns 203 acres of land, worth $9,000. He obtained $900 by marriage; the rest of his property is the result of industry and careful management. Mrs. Poynts has been a communicant in the Christian church thirty-four years. They have had five children : William, born October 12, 1854; James, August 25, 1860; John, Oc- rober 29, 1871; and two daughters which died in infancy.

John J. Childers, farmer, North Union, is the descendant of revolutionary stock. Gooseberry Childers, his grandfather, was a pensioned son of 1776, and emigrated at an early period to the white settlements of Kentucky, and died in Garrard county about 1840. This subject was the youngest son of Lindsey and Catharine (Lydic) Childers, and was born in Fayette county, April 1, 1824. After learning the bricklaying trade he followed that occupation ten years anterior to his removal to Indiana. On December 16, 1847, he was united in marriage with Miss Margaret Ross, who was born November 26,1828. Her parents were William and Eleanor Boss. In the autumn of 1855 Mr. Ohilders moved with his family to this township and settled at his present home, just north of North Union. His farm comprises 168 acres, all inclosed, and 90 acres under the plow, the estimated valne of which is $8,500. He has been a democrat all his life. Mrs. Ohilders. is a member of the Lutheran church. Of these parents six children have been born : Ella, wife of Jasper Britton; Kittie, now Mrs. James H. Armantrout; William, who married Miss Emma Wat- kins ; Belle, wife of James M. Galey ; Mary and John. Besides their own children, they are rearing their nephew, George, son :of William Ross, and whose mother died when he was eight months old.

Henry Williams, deputy postmaster, Crawfordsville, was born January 4,1823, in Baltimore, Maryland. His father was a merchant, and died in 1824, and the subject of this sketch was left in charge of a guardian, R. L. Colt, who sent him to the public school in New 1 Jersey. He finished his education afterward in Pennsylvania, where he graduated. Mr. Williams came to Tippecanoe county, working there several years, then went into the mercantile business in La Fayette. In 1857 he came to Crawfordsville to send his children to college, and engaged in the grocery business a few years. He enlisted in Co. G, llth Ind. Yols., for three years. His son, John F. Williams, was captain of the same company, and was in the battles of Shiloh, Fort Henry, Fort Donelson and Winchester. He was a veteran soldier, a brave officer, and much lamented by his friends when he died, April 6, 1866. After the war Mr. Williams went to Illinois to improve some land he had there, his family remaining here. In 1871 he was appointed deputy postmaster, which position he now holds, his management having been an honesty and efficiency one. He is a member of the Center Presbyterian church, a Mason, and a radical republican. He was married February 19 to Martha B. Haight, daughter of Rev. S. Haight. They have five children : Laura, Charles, Harriet, Eva and John. The latter attended Wabash College before going to the war, and Charles attended the same for some three years. Eva attended Elmira, New York, Female College. Mrs. Williams and her daughters are members of the Center Presbyterian church.

Amazon Ward, farmer and stock raiser, Whitesville, was born April 25, 1835, on a farm near Liberty, Union county, Indiana. His father, David G. Ward, was born July 18, 1803, in Madisonville, Ohio. When a young man he moved to Union county, Indiana, where he was engaged in fanning and wagon-making, having previously learned his trade in Madisonville, Ohio. In this county he was united in marriage with Eleanor Lafuze, daughter of Samuel and Eleanor (Harper) Lafuze. By this union they became the parents of twelve children, nine of whom are living. From this county they emigrated to Madison county, Indiana, and after a two years' sojourn, in 1856 moved to Montgomery county, Indiana, and settled near Mace, on what is known as the old Chrisman place. In about four years he traded this farm for a home near Darlington, where he resided six years, when he disposed of his property in Montgomery county and moved to Boone county, where he purchased a home iipon which he still lives and is engaged in gardening. He is a member of the Christian church, as is also his wife. Formerly he was a whig, but since the organization of the republican party he became one of its most active workers. Amazon lived with his parents until the age of twenty-two. January 27, 1859, he was married to Phoabe Jane Montgomery, who was born July 18, 1838, and is the youngest daughter of James and Phoebe Montgomery, prominent pioneer citizens, who located in this township in 1832. Mr. Ward is the father of four chil-- dren, all of whom are living: Clara Bell, Camella May, Ulyses Grant, and Henry Alva. He farmed two years on the Chrisman place, when he moved on the Montgomery farm, in Union township, and in three years purchased his father's farm, near Darlington, in connection with his brother Stephen. Two years later he traded his portion of the property for 160 acres, where he now resides, being in possession, at this date, of 195 acres. He moved to his present beautiful location January 1, 1866, and in 1874 erected a comfortable frame dwelling about the size of his present one. February 21, 1877, it burned to the ground, but with the same energy that has characterized all his doings he immediately set to work on the two-story, 46x52, handsome brick building now standing upon the ashes of its predecessor, the brick being made upon his own property. He is an earnest supporter of the principles of the republican party, casting his first presidential vote for John C. Fremont, in 1856.

Michael Price, grain dealer, Crawfordsville, was born in Carlow county, Ireland, in 1821, and is the son of William Price, who was a farmer and miller, and died in Ireland. The subject of this sketch obtained his education by going to night schools, reading, and from active business. When twenty-four years old he went to Liverpool, England, and managed the grain business for a man who dealt with American grain dealers. He remained in Liverpool thirteen years and then came to America and settled in Crawfordsville, where he has ever since resided. His brother and sister, William and Mary, came to America before he did, and settled in New York. Mr. Price first engaged in handling farmers' produce, which he continued four or five years. He then began buying grain for a milling company in New Albany and Indianapolis. In 1869 he bought his present warehouse for $3,600. He has been very successful, and has bought as high as 125,000 bushels of grain in one year. In 1873 he was elected city councilman, and served two terms. He was married in 1864, to Jane A. Regan, of New York. They have six children : Mary, Margaret, Anunciatta, Jennie, Bernard, and Angeline. Mr. and Mrs. Price are both members of the Catholic church.

Dickey & Brewer, dealers in books, wall paper, pictures, and picture-frames, Crawfordsville, have the largest and best assortment of everything in their line of business of any house in the city. They have been in partnership since 1872, and are doing a large business. They have all kinds of books, and all who desire anything in their line will do well to call on them. You will find them pleasant and accommodating gentlemen.

John J. Darter, grain dealer, Crawfordsville, was born in Fayette county, Indiana, in 1828. He had a good common school education, and taught school in the winters for about four years. He settled in Montgomery county in 1855, and in Crawfordsville in 1859. He was engaged in the produce and grocery business, and buying of grain, for some eight years. Since then he has been engaged in the grain business. He has been a member of the school board ten years, city councilman fonr years, and owns the city elevator on the Indianapolis, Bloom- ington & Western railroad. He was married in 1866, to Miss Stincy Fuller, and has four girls and four boys. His wife is a member of the Center Presbyterian church. Mr. Darter is a republican, and a pronounced temperance man. His father and mother, Joseph and Mary Darter, are still living, the former eighty-two years old and the latter eighty-four.

George T. Graham, Crawfordsville, was born August 16, 1812, in Rockbridge county, Virginia, near the natural bridge. His father, Thomas G. Graham, was born about 1778, and died about 1830. He lived in Rockbridge county until he removed to Lexington, to learn the trade of a cabinet-maker with Mr. Plunkit. He then worked at his trade, and built a number of boats on North river, and at these he was engaged until he moved to Ohio, near Eaton, where he followed farming until his death. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, and a democrat. He married Kaziah Gill in Rockbridge county,Virginia, and became the father of seven children, three of whom are living: George T., Elizabeth White, living near Greensburg, and Sarah Bailey, now residing in Huntington county, Indiana. After the death of Mr. Graham Mrs. Graham married Abraham Myres, and at the time of her death, June 26, 1871, was living with William H. Bailey, in Huntington connty. She was a member of theDunkard church. When George T. was but eighteen years of age his father died, and the providing for the family fell upon him, which was cheerfully done until his mother's second marriage. Mr. Graham continued to work at various trades at Morning Sun until his emigration to Union county, Indiana, where he was engaged several years in various enterprises. His next removal brought him to Davis county. He then moved his family to Butler county, Ohio, and was engaged twelve or thirteen years as a clerk and stock buyer in Summerville. He was then employed one year in Illinois, and in 1859 settled near Crawfordsville, Indiana, where he was engaged in farming until 1865, which time marks the date of his removal to the city, where he has been engaged in various undertakings. In October, 1836, he married Mary 0. L. Bennett, of Union county, Indiana, who was born January 24,1817. Her mother, Susanah Bennett, was born April 16,1784, and died July 25,1871. Her father, George W. Bennett, was born December 19, 1784, and died December 22, 1852. They were both members of the Presbyterian church. Charlotte M. Kingen, a niece of Mr. Graham, is now making her home at his house. He is a member of the Presbyterian church, as is also his wife. He is a republican, casting his first presidential vote for Jackson. He now has in his possession a badge worn in the campaign of 1840, with a picture of Gen. Harrison upon it. August 12, 1848, he united with the Odd-Fellows, in Butler county, Ohio, and has occupied many offices in the order. He is now the left supporter of the vice grand, and a past grand. Kobert B. F. Peirce was born February 17, 1843, at Laurel, Franklin county, Indiana. His father, Henry Peirce, came of Puritan stock, and was born in Massachusetts. He came to Indiana at an early day, settling first at Fairfield and afterward moving to Laurel. The family was large, consisting of seven boys and two girls, and the father failing in health, when Robert arrived at the age of seventeen, was too poor to assist him into business or in getting an education. But he made up his mind to have a full collegiate education, and in September, 1860, entered the preparatory department of Wabash College. Being without funds, he supported himself by working during his spare time, sawing wood and doing such other work as he could obtain; and for the first two years of his college course he sawed all the wood used by one of the hotels in CrawFordsville. The war broke out soon after he entered college, and as the different calls were made for soldiers, one after another of his brothers entered the service until he, the fourth and the only remaining one old enough to enlist, volunteered and was chosen second lieutenant of his company. He remained in the army until the close of the Atlanta campaign, when his regiment was mustered out of the service. He then returned to college and renewed his studies. In 1866 he graduated with the full honors of the regular classical course. In July, 1866, he went to Shelbyville, in this state, to read law in the office of the Hon. B. F. Love, and although a comparative stranger, was at once elected to fill a vacancy in the office of city attorney by the unanimous vote of the city council. He was married November 20, 1866, to Miss Hattie Blair, of Crawfordsville, daughter of John W. Blair. She died October 28, 1878. They became the parents of three children : Lais J., Frank H. and Edwin B. He remained there for one year, and in 1867 returned to Crawfordsville and opened an office, and soon ranked high at a bar which has always been noted for its strength. In the following year he was elected by the republicans as prosecuting attorney for the counties of Clinton, Boone, Fountain, "Warren, and Montgomery; and being twice reflected, held the place for six years. He devoted his time assiduously to the discharge of his official duties, and while so engaged was brought in contact with some of the ablest lawyers in the state. He sustained himself well, and soon became known for his energy, zeal and success in the prosecution of criminals ; and his official career is yet pointed to as a model one for prosecutors. He never turned any of his cases over to other management, but without exception gave them his personal attention. In May, 1871, he was appointed general solicitor of the Logansport, Crawfordsville & Southwestern Railroad Company, and elected one of its directors. He continued to hold these positions until the sale of the road a few months ago. He also gave his attention to the practice of the law in his and in neighboring counties, and in the federal courts of Indianapolis and Chicago. He has deservedly taken a high place in his profession, and it is no disparagement to the other members of the Crawfordsville bar to say that he has no superior there. Mr. Peirce has always been a republican, and being a pursuasive and logical speaker, his services on the stump have always been in demand, not only in his county and district, but by the state central committee on behalf of the state ticket. He has never been a candidate for any office except that of prosecuting attorney, and though often pressed has always declined to enter the lists for any political office. For the position Mr. Peirce now occupies in his profession and in politics he really is indebted to no one; he is a self-made man in the true sense of the word. His earnestness in whatever he undertakes, his untiring industry and energy, and his rare talents for command and controversy, render him almost invincible before the people. Mr. Peirce is not less distinguished for the inflexible uprightness of his political conduct than for his kindly disposition and winning manners. He is genial, affable, and has the faculty of making warm and enthusiastic friends.

Abner P. Enoch, farmer, Crawfordsville, was born in Butler county, Ohio, August 2, 1837. Mr. Enoch was born on the farm, attended the common school, and Wabash College two terms. He was a punctual and diligent student. He began farming for himself when twenty-one years old, and began teaching school the winter he was twenty, and taught for nine successive winters. He was married November 18,' 1860, to Phebe Jane Foust. They have had six children : Howard D., Virgil W., Alma L., Sallie A., Fannie 0., Ora H., Bruce H., Mary Maud, the first two of whom died in one day, with spotted fever. In twenty years he has made his farm of 232 acres clear of all indebtedness, it being well improved, watered by springs, and about four and a half miles from Crawfordsville. Mr. Enoch is a republican, a Universalist, an Odd-Fellow, a member of the Detective Association, and a pronounced advocate and exemplar of the principles of temperance. He is a lover of books, and is a successful, enterprising citizen.

Emory Totton, the oldest dentist in Crawfordsville, was born in Tmtnble county, Ohio, April 2, 1833. He had the advantages of a district school education, attended Gustavus Academy one year and college one year. He began the study of dentistry before he was twenty-one years old. He came to the county in 1856, and studied dentistry with Dr. Detchon. He made a trip down through Ohio into Virginia; made his home in New Richmond, this state, two years, and in 1860 located in the city of Crawfordsville, where he has had a large and successful practice. In 1876 he removed to Bowling Green, Kentucky; stayed there three years, and then returned to Crawfordsville. The doctor began life without anything, and has made his own way in the world. He was married to Martha A. Barr. She is a member of the Methodist church. The doctor is a republican, a Methodist, and takes considerable interest in Sunday-school work.

James H. Tammany (deceased) was born September 10, 1825, in Bellefonte, Centre county, Pennsylvania, and was a son of Henry and Eva (Fox) Tammany. His father, Henry Tammany, was a native of Ireland, who settled in Pennsylvania and there became extensively engaged in railroad and iron business. He came to Indiana about the time of the cholera epidemic in La Fayette, and contracted to build the New Albany, Louisville & Chicago railroad from Greencastle to Oawfordsville. James H. Tammany contracted to build the &anie road from Crawfordsville to La Fayette. He then became bookkeeper for Graham & Brothers in Crawfordsville. In winter seasons he was bookkeeper for Watson ife Sample, who at that time were extensive pork packers. Whenever not otherwise engaged he was a welcome addition in the dry-goods store of Graham Bros. He contracted to build the gravel road from Crawfordsville to Covington, but the scheme failed, through no fault of his. He was also contractor for the construction of the Crawfordsville and Alamo gravel road, which also failed. April 28, 1861, he enlisted in Co. G, 10th Ind., as orderly-sergeant, under Col. Manson. He served three months, was at the battle of Rich Mountain, and returned home August 10, 1861, and taking ill he died October 26, 1861, and rests in the Odd-Fellows' cemetery. He was raised a Catholic, and a democrat in politics. Mr. Tammany was married July 11, 1855, to Dorcas A. Cooch, daughter of Loweii R. and Eleanor (Taylor) Cooch. She was born January 4, 1827, in Hamilton, Ohio. Her father was a native of Randolph county, Virginia, and her mother of Washington county, Pennsylvania. The Cooches trace their ancestry to the celebrated Randolph, of Roa- noke. Mr. Cooch died December 9, 1855, aged fifty-six, and Mrs. Cooch followed her husband May 3, 1858, on her fifty-eighth birthday. She was a Presbyterian and he a Baptist. Mrs. Cooch's brother, John Taylor, of La Fayette, was a very wealthy merchant, whose two sons were colonels in the civil war. After the death of her husband Mrs. Tammany supported herself partly by writing for John M. Pier- son, claim agent, and in other ways. She had learned to use her pen readily in the county auditor's office in Hamilton, Ohio, when her brother, W. H. Laymon, filled that position. Her only son, Harry Randolph Tammany, born September 13, 1856, has spent three years in Wabash College. Mrs. Tammany now draws a pension as a reward for the service her husband rendered his country and the loss she sustained in the death of him, hastened by war's hardships and exposure. Ira McConnell. The McConnells came, some generations back, from Ireland, and settled in Pennsylvania, while the Beemers hail from Germany. Robert and Eliza (Beemer) McConnell were natives of Ohio. Mr. McConnell became a wagon and carriage manufacturer and carried on quite an extensive business in Cedarville for twenty-one years. In 1849 he moved to Jay county, Indiana, and engaged in farming. In 1879, while attempting to shift a log on a log-wagon, the heavy timber rolled on him, causing his death. He was class-leader in the Methodist Episcopal church, and also a licensed preacher, and was very conscientious and a careful teacher of his children. When in the carriage business he discharged a workman because he swore in the presence of the children, and another because he discovered a bottle of liquor in his tool-chest. He was very indulgent to his family. Ira, one Sunday, asked him to make a top. Mr. McConnell whittled the top, and handing it to the boy, said, " Ira, you have caused me to do wrong by asking ine to do this on Sunday." The boy will never forget the occurrence. Mr. McConnell was an abolitionist prior to the war, and afterward a republican. His wife is still living, and a member of the Methodist church. Ira, son of the above, was born October 29, 1842, in Cedarville, Greene county, Ohio. At the age of sixteen he left home and hired out to support himself, having but $1 in his pocket, first working for his board. He stayed one year at Xenia, then came to Boone county, Indiana, with his uncle, and labored on a farm. In 1861 he enlisted at the first call for three-months men. He was three times rejected on account of ill health. At last, when Ho- vey's division was called, he gained admittance to the ranks of Co. G, 24th Ind. Vols., under Capt. A. C. Teal. He fought at the battles of Resaca, Buzzard's Roost, with Sherman from Chattanooga to Atlanta, then with Thomas at Frankfort and Nashville, taking part in thirteen engagements. After his discharge he worked among stock for a time at Mnncie, and next read law with William Brotherton and Judge March, of Muncie, one year, but concluding to master a literary course he studied one year at the academy of that place. He then attended Wabash College one year, keeping " bachelor's hall," and finished a classical course in 1872. He earned his way by doing all kinds of work, much of it by wood sawing. During much of the time his health was poor, but his tenacity to purpose impelled him onward and seemed to sustain him. Thus he finished his seven years' course, having had $90 to start with, and having borrowed $100. Leaving college he read law with Major Walter one year, then went in the office of Kennedy & Brush, at Crawfordsville, soon acted as civil engineer and sheriff's bailiff, and in 1876 was elected county surveyor, in which capacity, together with his duties of civil engineer, he has served ever since. He was married October 29, 1878, to Hettie D., daughter of William and Priscilla Powers, an old.family of Crawfordsville. She is a member of the Methodist church. Mr. McConnell is a solid republican and a member of the Grand Army of the Republic.

Rev. George W. Stafford, Crawfordsville, was born September 24, 1815, in Giles county, Virginia. His father, Thomas Stafford, was born in Dublin, Ireland, whither his parents had gone from England for the transaction of business in the fine linen trade. When Thomas was three years old (1790) his parents came to America and settled in Giles county, Virginia. Here Thomas was raised on a farm, and in manhood became quite a stock dealer. In 1812 he fought in the battle of Norfolk. Later he emigrated to Fountain county, Indiana (1832), near Attica, where he died September 16, 1847. He had been an active member in the Methodist church, and was chorister for many years. His wife, Ruth Neel, daughter of John B. Neel, Esq., of Monroe county, Virginia, a member of the same church from girlhood, died April 24, 1854, at the age of sixty-four years. Both had lived good lives, and died peaceful deaths. Mrs. Stafford's father, John Neel, was quartermaster-sergeant, and a hero in the battle of Bunker Hill. George W., the subject of this sketch, became inured to the toils of the farm, and in early manhood attended Wabash College. Mr. Stafford being desirous of entering the ministry, and there being no theological seminaries in those days within his convenience, he studied at home, assisted by ministers of the church, chief of whom was Rev. James Dixon. In the fall of 1836 he was licensed by the Methodist Episcopal conference to preach in Stafford's meeting-house, Virginia. In 1840 he was ordained deacon by Bishop Soule, at Indianapolis, and elder by Bishop Morris, at Centreville, in 1842. He continued in the itineracy till 1878, when he withdrew from the active ministry. During his life-work he has been stationed at the city of Richmond, Frankfort, Valparaiso, Greencastle, Rockville, and in 1861 he permanently located at Crawfordsville, where he purchased a farm near the suburbs of the city. Since that time, while engaging in the ministry at different points, he has also supervised his farm of 300 acres. During the war he served somewhat more than a year as chaplain in the 40th Ind. Vols.; was at the engagements at Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, and with Sherman to Atlanta, where, on account of sickness, he resigned. During his ministry he has been one of the most successful workers in the Methodist church, having received 3,500 persons into membership, 400 of whom he received at his first charge on the New- town circuit, Fountain county, and ten of whom are now in the ministry, some in foreign lands and some at home. He has also been an earnest worker in the temperance cause, and signed the first temperance pledge in America, and every one presented him since. He is also a member of the fraternities of Masons and Odd-Fellows. Financially, also, Mr. Stafford has made a success of life. Having received from his father's estate, after having fairly started in life, but $1,000, by perseverance and economy has accumulated a competency for his old age, and legacy to his children, of $25,000 or $30,000. He was married March 24, 1842, to Miss Rachel R. Stitt, daughter of Judge Stitt, who sat upon the Crawfordsville bench for twenty-one years. Her parents were from Virginia. She was born December 25, 1822. Their family have numbered eleven children : Charles W. (deceased); James F. and John M., ministers in the Methodist church; Sarah A. (deceased); William A., farmer; George W., attorney at the Crawfordsville bar ; Lewis and Oscar (both deceased) ; Eddie A., student at Wabash College ; and Mary and Lizzie at home.

Maurice J. Lee, tile and brick-maker and farmer, Crawfordsville, was born in Frankfort, Kentucky, February 17,1837. He is the son of Morris and Cecilia Jane (Runey) Lee, who were born in Ireland, his father emigrating about the year 1818, and locating in Philadelphia. His motfier came later. They were married in Philadelphia in 1835. The subject of this sketch was their only child. About the year 1836 the parents moved to Frankfort, Kentucky. They were poor, and their only son was early inured to a life of toil, but attended school in Frankfort sufficiently to acquire the rudiments of an ordinary English education. At the age of nineteen his parents died. From that time for several years he worked with R. A. Brawner, of Frankfort, in his brick-yard. In 1862 he crossed to Indiana, and for awhile engaged in bridge- building with Harry Taylor, contractor and civil engineer, Salem. In 1863 he came to Crawfordsville, worked at brick-making two years, and in 1865 began the business for himself. This he has followed since, but in 1877 he added tile-making to his other pursuits, and is very largely the leading tile-manufacturer of Montgomery county. The first year he manufactured 50,000; the next season he increased his facilities, and his business has since constantly enlarged, the product amounting the last year to 325,000. This is convincing evidence of the value of this industry, and that as the importance of tile-draining becomes better understood, and the good results of the system are witnessed, those who depend for success immediately on the products of the soil are hastening to secure its benefits. It is reasonable to expect that it will not be many years hence until the wealth of Montgomery county will have doubled from this single source of improvement. Mr. Lee was married April 4,1864:, to Miss Margaret M. Keenan, of Frankfort, a lady of Scotch parentage. She died November 16, 1866, leaving an only son, Henry Keenan. January 25, 1870, Mr. Lee married Miss Catharine A. Crowe, daughter of Michael and Dorothea Crowe, of Crawfordsville. Her father was among the pioneers of the state and of Montgomery county, and superintended the construction of that part of the Wabash & Erie canal lying between La Fayette and Attica. He afterward was a farmer in this county. Three sons and one daughter are the fruits of Mr. Lee's second marriage: Walter J., Francis C., Helen C. and Morris. Mr. Lee is a democrat in politics. He resides at his country home, one and a half miles north of Crawfordsville, at the junction of the Crawtbrdsville and Concord and the Crawfordsville and New Richmond gravel roads, in an elegant brick dwelling convenient to his extensive tile factory and brick-yard. The farm comprises 112 acres of choice land.

Joseph F. Tuttle, D.D., president of Wabash College, second son of Rev. Jacob and Elizabeth Ward Tuttle, was born in Bloomfield, Xew Jersey, March 12, 1818. When ten years of age he entered the Newark Academy, and pursued his studies for four years, afterward accompanying his father and family to Ohio, where he engaged in farm work with his uncle until his eighteenth year. This invigorating employment improved him physically, and developed a vitality that has endured through a long and active life, making his advanced age an easy burden. Developing in early life a desire for intellectual culture, he entered the freshman class of Marietta College during the presidency of Dr. Joel Lindsley, and graduated with the first honors as valedictorian at the commencement of 1841. The same year he began a course of theological studies at Lane Seminary, under Dr. Lyman Beecher. In September, 1843, he became a tutor in Marietta College, which position he held one year. In 1844 he was licensed a minister of the Presbyterian denomination. About the first public literary effort of Mr. Tuttle was on the occasion of his receiving the degree of A.M., in 1844, when he delivered a poem entitled " The Aztec Sacrifice." In April, 1845, Dr. Tuttle was ordained and installed pastor of the Second Presbyterian church of Delaware, Ohio. In 1847 he accepted a call to the Presbyterian church of Rockaway, New Jersey, where he remained fifteen years. These years of ministerial work yielded an abundant fruit in the growth and prosperity of the church, and in the earnest and close ties of fellowship developed between pastor and people. During his busy labors as a clergyman Dr. Tuttle made many contributions to the current religious and secular literature of the day, including a number of elaborate articles written for the "New Englander," the " Biblical Repository," and other reviews. He also prepared and published several volumes on various subjects. In 1860 Marietta College conferred upon him the honorary degree of D.D., the first given by her to any of her alumni. A new and important field of labor was opened to Dr. Tuttle by his election to the presidency of Wabash College in 1861, and he entered upon the responsible duties of the position in May 1862. At the commencement of the war of the rebellion, in 1861, the larger portion of the students attending this college volunteered in the military service of the general government, which left the classes very much depleted in numbers. It is worthy of record here that this band of youthful patriots so well performed the duties of the soldier at the front as to reflect lasting honor upon the institution whose classic halls they willingly left to encounter the perils of the " tented field." Under the wise and energetic presidency of Dr. Tuttle, Wabash College did not languish. The number of students increased beyond those of antibellum days. Friends of the institution came forward to relieve its financial embarrassments. Additional endowments were generously subscribed. Unfinished buildings were completed, and the college in all its facilities and appointments before long took rank second to none in the great central states of the country. The venerable and venerated president remains, in health and vigor, teaching his classes and directing the destinies of this important and growing institution of learning, which is the pride of the people of the state and a credit to the nation. During the first year of his ministry, in 1845, Dr. Tuttle was happily married to Miss Susan C. King, of Rockaway, New Jersey, and they have four children. Jn physical development, Dr. Tuttle is a fine specimen of manhood. He is above the medium height, muscular, erect, and elastic in motion, with a massive head of perfect shape, and a benevolent and highly intellectual cast of countenance, united -with a gentle dignity of demeanor. Dr. Tuttle's life and character may properly serve as an example from which the youth under his ministration may derive an influence that cannot fail to be of benefit in their future career. Besides special educational duties, Dr. Tuttle has been much before the public as a prominent citizen, and as a public speaker has frequently been invited to deliver addresses on important occasions. His Sabbath afternoon lectures to the students during the college terms are esteemed as among the most profitable and interesting exercises of the college.

Alfred Dickey, senior partner of the firm, of Dickey & Brewer, city bookstore, Crawfordsville, was born in Jackson township, Shelby county, Indiana, June 10, 1846, and is the son of Robert and Doratha (Allen) Dickey. The former was born in Pennsylvania, and the latter in New Jersey. The subject of this sketch spent his boyhood on the farm, with but meagre advantages of education and personal advancement. After he was twelve years old he lived with his uncle, C. M. Allen, or his uncle's son-in-law, and paid his own way almost entirely, attending school part of the time in winters. May 31, 1862, he enlisted in Co. H, 54th Ind. Vols., and served until September 27, 1862, when he was discharged, his term of service having expired. September 28, 1863, he reenlisted in Bat. M, 1st Ind. heavy artillery, for three years, and was in the service until January 21, 1866. After the war Mr. Dickey taught school, and attended college at Brookville until his health failed him, when, July 1, 1871, he came to the city of Crawfordsville and engaged in the book business, in which business he has ever since been very successfully engaged. Since May 10,1876, he has been city treasurer. During the year 1878 he was grand chancellor of the Knights of Pythias for the State of Indiana, and now holds the position of supreme representative. He is a member of the Masonic and Odd-Fellows fraternities. July 17,1870, Mr. Dickey was married to Miss Margeretta Brewer, and they have one child, Alfred E., who was born June 15, 1873. Mr. and Mrs. Dickey are both members of the Methodist church. In politics Mr. Dickey is an ardent defender and supporter of the principles and motives of the republican party. Although a successful business man Mr. Dickey does not narrow his mind solely to business, but takes an active part in politics, reads widely in literature, and holds progressive ideas upon the questions of the age.

W. H. Taylor, M.D., physician and surgeon, Crawfordsville, was born in Virginia, and settled in the city of Crawfordsville in 1872. He has been one of the leading physicians of this city, and is a very prominent citizen, both as a literary and political man. He is a prominent literary light in the State of Indiana, having made many prose and poetical contributions to the press. His prose articles have mostly been upon medical subjects. He is an eminent democrat and Mason.

M. P. Wolfe, county recorder, Crawfordsville, who is one of Montgomery's efficient and honorable county officers, was born in Fountain county, Indiana, .November 28, 1841. He is the son of Henry and Jane Wolfe, who were among the earlier settlers of Fountain county, and who, in 1857, moved to Montgomery county and settled on Sec. 31, of Brown township. There Marvin P. grew to man's estate, and received such education as the schools of that vicinity afforded. He succeeded in acquiring a good business education by taking a thorough course and graduating from the Indianapolis Business College. In 1869 he came to Crawfordsville and engaged in the dry-goods business in the capacity of a salesman. This business brought him in contact with the people, who, in the fall of 1876, elected him to the office of recorder of Montgomery county. In August, of 1877, he entered upon the active discharge of his duties, in the discharge of which he has pleased the democratic party so well they have nominated him for reelection. Mr. Wolfe is a member of Crawfordsville Commandery No. 25, of the Order of A. F. and A. M. February 18, 1869, he married Mrs. Mary C. Cowan, by whom he has two children, Manie and Arthur. He also has two step-daughters, Misses Effie and Maud Cowan.

Zachariah Williams (colored), whitewasher and calciminer, Craw- fordsville, was born August 11, 1841, in Lebanon, Kentucky, and is a son of Moses and Ellen Williams. His father was a native of Kentucky and a slave. His mother's father was an Indian chief, and she was also a slave. Moses and Ellen Williams were liberated during the war, but died in Kentucky before they had tasted the fair fruits of freedom. Zachariah became a waiter on a boat when a boy. When at New Orleans he decided to be his own boss, so he escaped and came north to Springfield, Illinois, in 1855, and engaged in a hotel. In 1861 he went south, and was hired as a waiter in Gen. Hood's southern army. Leaving the south he went to Chicago, and there he enlisted, in 1862, in Co. F, 81st 111. reg., under Samuel Campbell and Colonel Rogers. He fought at Vicksburg, Little Rock, Mobile, Nashville, Frankfort, Guntown. At the last named place he was chased by five rebels all day, and was shot at by them as many as fifty times, but he escaped. He was at Memphis and Chattanooga ; was taken sick at Chattanooga and sent to Chicago. He soon returned to Vicksburg and went to Texas. He was in the Red River expedition, and was finally discharged after serving three years and one month. He then lived some time in Chicago, and next in New Albany, Indiana, where he was engaged in the baggage-room of a railroad company. He next made his home in Crawfordsville. He was porter in the Grain Hotel for five years. For seven years he kept a restaurant. His present business is whitewashing and calcitnining. Mr. Williams has traveled all over the United States, and has been to Mexico and three times to Canada. He has amassed a fortune, owning property in Rockville, Jamestown, Crawfordsville and Indianapolis. He is a republican and contributes largely to further his party principles. He is steward and trustee in the African M. E. church. He is also a Mason and an Odd Fellow. He was married May 16, 1871, to Maria Bulger, of Ripley, Ohio. Her father bought himself free and then worked and bought his wife and five children free before the war. She is also a Methodist. Mr. and Mrs. Williams' home is the stopping place for all notable visitors of their race who come to Crawfordsville, and Mr. Williams is widely known and has great influence with his people at home and abroad.

David N. Heath was born May 11, 1820, in South Carolina, and is the son of Joseph and Rebecca (Jackson) Heath, both natives of the same state. His parents were large planters and owned from 150 to 175 negroes. They were members of the Old Baptist church. His father died when he, David, was an infant. He had been a life-long democrat of the Calhoun stripe. David N. Heath left his native state in 1837, and went to Boyle county, Kentucky, and attended common school, then Center College, at Danville. September 29, 1841, he was married to Mary J. Walker, daughter of Harrison Walker, from Culpepper county, Virginia. She was born in 1823. Her father was a plain, stern Virginian, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal church over sixty years, and died in Craw- fordsville in 1868, at the age of eighty-three, never having been sick a day in his life. He had been a whig and a republican. He came to Putnam county, Indiana, in 1859, and to Crawfordsville in 1867. He was a great reader, a lover of history and devoted to his bible. Her mother, Katy (Thomas) Walker, a native of Kentucky, still lives at the age of eighty-seven. Mr. and Mrs. Heath have four children: Mahala C., Henrietta C., James I. and Maria L. Both are members of the Methodist church. Mr. Heath was a whig prior to the war, but since has been an active democrat. His business career has been a varied one, sometimes fortunate and sometimes disastrous. From 1850 to 1855, with his brother, he dealt in mules and horses as extensively as any other two men over the mountains. In connection with G-. F. Lee, of Boyle county, Kentucky, he undertook to monopolize the sugar mule trade in New Orleans, but failed. In 1859 he moved to Greencastle, Indiana, and engaged in the livery business. He bought i07 extra fine horses and ninety-three fine mules in Kentucky, walked them over the mountains to South Carolina, and the war coming on he sold twenty- four for cash and the rest on time. The latter he lost altogether by the war. During the rebellion he bought and sold government provisions, and at its close he went to Bourbon county, Kentucky, and settled. From thence he, with W. F. Jinkins, of Indianapolis, went to Montgomery county, Alabama, and planted 1,050 acres of cotton and 450 acres of corn. In this speculation they lost about $38,000 in one year. He then traded in mules and horses in Kentucky and sold in Columbus, Mississippi, till 1873, when he came to Crawfordsville. Here he opened a private stable and bought and shipped horses to New York for two years, then engaged in the livery business in Chicago, where he again lost all he had. He returned to Crawfordsville and continued to buy and ship horses. In July 15, 1880, he leased the boarding, feed and sale stable on Pyke street, at which place he is now doing business. Mr. Heath is a member of the order of Masons.

Capt. John B. Pence, superintendent gas company, Crawfordsville, was born in Frankfort, Clinton county, Indiana, August 29, 1833. His father was a farmer, and he worked on the farm in the summer to make money to pay his way in school during the winter. He attended Hanover College two terms, and Asbury University about one year. At the age of twenty-one he began clerking in the dry-goods store of P. S. Kelley, in Frankfort. He continued with him about one year and a half and then went into the dry-goods business for himself, and thus continued till the outbreak of the war. In the fall of 1861 he recruited Co. E, for the 40th Ind. reg., of which company he was made captain. He remained in the army about one year, and then resigned on account of ill-health. The principal engagement that he was in was the siege of Corinth. After the war he began in the drug business in Frankfort and continued until 1874, when he settled in Crawfordsville, and has ever since been superintendent of the gas company. Mr. Pence has traveled considerably in the different parts of the United States. In politics he is an ardent republican. He was married September 16, 1856, to Miss Sallie E. Kelley, daughter of P. S. Kelley, his old employer. Mr. and Mrs. Pence are both members of the Center Presbyterian church of this city.

William J. Mitchell, merchant tailor, Crawfordsville, was born June 13, 1834, in Eamsey, Huntingtonshire, England, and is the son of Henry and Mary (Jackson) Mitchell. Both parents were born and raised in the same shire. His father is a carpenter by trade and is now in Arkansas. His mother died in 1865 in her native land. William J. spent his youth as an apprentice with Thomas Winter- ton, at Whittlesey, Cambridgeshire, with whom he stayed for four years. He then worked eighteen months at his trade in London. Leaving England he served nine months in the Crimean war, and was wounded at the battle of Balaklava, fought October 26, 1854. Returning home Mr. Mitchell resumed his trade. He cut for Fred Breacher, of London, for three years ; for Myers & Mortimer, two and a half years ; for Carey, of Nottingham, three years ; then went back to London and cut for the British Clothing Company for some time. In 1863 he came to America and cut for Bell Bros., of New York city, eighteen months; then for G. W. Jones, in Rome, New York, one year; for Ball & Co., at Grand Rapids, nine months; spent six? months in Cincinnati, and was in business with S. S. , Caughey, at Shelbyville, one year. Mr. Mitchell was then in business in Rockville, Indiana, two years, and in 1874 opened a merchant tailoring establishment in Crawfordsville, where he is now engaged in a large business.

Rev. John E. Steele, minister, Crawfordsville, was born June 21, 1850, and is the son of Benjaman F. and Jane (Coovert) Steele. His father was born in 181Y, in Baltimore, and is still living. He is a mechanic, and was in the employ of the United States government three years during the late war, and was in the battle of Nashville. He is a member of the Methodist church, the Temple of Honor, and in politics is a republican. His mother (Jane) was born in Preble county, Ohio, in 1820, is a member of the Methodist church, and is still living. The subject of this sketch began for himself when eleven years old, and had a common school education. He took a three- years classical course in the Asbury University of Greencastle, and graduated in the Battle-Ground Collegiate Institute. He began the ministry in 1874, in La Fayette, preaching first in Pittsburg, Carroll county, Indiana. Since then he has preached on the " Burnettsville Circuit," White county; at Harmony and Knightsville, Clay county; at Chauncy, La Fayette county, and in September, 1879, that he might pursue his classical studies to better advantage, came to the ki Crawfordsville Circuit." Mr. Steele went into the ministry from a firm conviction of duty and love for the Master. ' He has had flattering offers in other departments of labor, but none have induced him to leave his chosen field. He is a diligent student, prepares well his sermons, and delivers them without manuscript. His ministry has been blessed by the salvation of souls, and the upbuilding of each charge where he has labored. From 1869 to 1872 he taught school, being principal of the schools in Camden, Carroll county; Kossville, Clinton county, and Transitville, Tippecanoe county. His career as a teacher was very satisfactory, and successful to himself and those for whom he taught.

George L. Markley, blacksmith and wagon-maker, Crawfordsville, was born March 30, 1855, in Montgomery county, Pennsylvania, and is the son of Abraham and Susan Markley. Both died in 1862, leaving George on the cold charities of the world. He lived with his uncle until sixteen years of age, then served three years' apprenticeship in the blacksmith shop of his brother-in-law, George W. Nyce, of Towamencin township, Montgomery county, Pennsylvania. He next engaged in a carriage shop at Lynlexintgon, Bucks county, Pennsylvania, and in 1874 came to Crawfordsville, and was employed for some time as bridge-carpenter on the Indianapolis, Bloomington & Western railroad. He then began work for Charles Murphey, and in six months bought a half interest of Mr. Murphey and carried on the blacksmithing with him until 1876, when lie became sole proprietor. His trade has increased, until now he employs five hands. Besides owning the blacksmith shop he has a half interest in the wagon shop adjoining, which he bought in 1880, the firm being known as Smith & Markley. They manufacture wagons, and do other heavy wood-work, while Mr. Markley conducts the blacksmithing in a shop about 42x150. His trade during the last year has been as much as in the three previous years, which proves success. Mr. Markley is a strong republican and an Odd-Fellow. He was married March 18. 1877, to Eva I. Swift, daughter of A. Swift, of Pesu, Indiana. She was born June 15, 1856. Mr. Markley's grandfather Markley fought in the war of 1812. By energy and perseverance Mr. Markley has made his way.

Josephus L. Fordice, tailor, Crawfordsville, was born May 3, 1823, in Miami county, Ohio. He lived on the farm until he was seventeen years old, and then learned his trade. In 1845 he began business for himself in New Carlisle, and remained there until 1852, when he came to Greencastle and entering as partner in a dry-goods store. In 1861 he met with severe reverses, owing to the dishonesty of his partner. While in Greencastle he served one term as city councilman. In the spring of 1875 he settled in Crawfordsville, and has done a good business. He has been a Mason nineteen years, an elder in the Presbyterian church for twenty-five years, is a member of the Knights of Pythias, and a republican. He was married October 1, 1846, to Elizabeth Sloan. They have one son, and one daughter, Sarah L. She and her mother are both members of the First Presbyterian church.

Rev. Wesley E. Bates, pastor Missionary Baptist church, Crawfordsville, was born in Champion, Jefferson county, New York, April 20, 1843. His mother, Hannah E. Bates, was born in 1819, is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and is still living. His father, Alden S. Bates, was born near Montpelier, Vermont, in 1803, is a harness-maker and farmer, and is still living. He lived in Champion, New York, about thirty years. The subject of this sketch lived in the town of his birth until he was eleven years old, when he went with his parents upon a farm. He had a good common school education and also attended a select school. He clerked in a store about one year, and traveled for a business house about the same length of time. August 5, 1862, he enlisted as a bugler in Co. D, 10th N". Y. Art. His regiment was placed at Fort Richmond, Staten Island, in defense of New York. They remained there about one year, and were then placed in the defense of Washington for about a year. They then went into the field as infantry at Cold Harbor, Virginia. His regiment captured battery No. 5 at the siege of Petersburg, in advance of the army. During this time, for about three months, he did duty as one of the " stretcher corps."' After the siege of Petersburg they went back to the defense of Washington for about a month, and then went with Sheridan into the valley of the Shenandoah, where they were principally engaged in guarding supply trains. During this time he was in the battle of Cedar Creek, October 19, 1864, where the union army was rescued from defeat by Gen. Sheridan, who made his famous ride from Winchester, which has been immortalized by Thomas Buchanan Read, in his poem titled " Sheridan's Ride." Mr. Bates was a member of the brass band ; and his regiment was sent back to Martinsburg for supplies; the band was left in the front and was surprised by the rebels. Mr. Bates got separated from his regiment and remained thus from Wednesday to Saturday. They went into winter quarters at Winchester. That winter his regiment was in the provisional division, and also manned the James and Appomattox rivers. He was in the line that stormed Petersburg, April 2, 1865, and after they went into the city he was a member of the best band out of three that were with that portion of the army. He was mustered out at Sackett's Harbor, New York, July 7, 1865. After the war Mr. Bates engaged in farming for two years. In 1868 he was converted and united with the Baptist church. This entirely changed the nature of his life work. He went to Belleville, where he spent one year in preparation for college. In 1869 he entered Madison University, New York, and graduated in 1873 in the full classical course. He had only one year preparatory and graduated fifth in scholarship, out of a class of thirty-eight. He then entered Hamilton Theological Seminary, from which lie graduated in June 1875. During all the time he was in college and the Theological Seminary, and in vacations, he supplied the pulpits for neighboring churches. He was ordained September 28, 1875, and located as pastor of the Baptist church at Lanark, Carroll county, Illinois. His pastorate in this place was quite a successful one, and on leaving it there was a decided increase in the number of its members. The first winter he was there he had a revival by which thirty-three united with the church. In 1878 he took charge of the church at Fort Dodge, Iowa, where he had a prosperous pastorate. While there he did missionary work throughout a large part of the state. He was appointed president of the Webster County Sunday School Convention, and took great interest in the state work of his denomination. July 1, 1880, Mr. Bates came to the city of Crawfordsville. He has begun his work here under favorable auspices. He has awakened a religious interest among his people, his congregations have increased and he has made friends with all whom he has met. Mr. Bates is a hard working, diligent student. He reads widely from all departments of literature and thought. He sometimes reads his sermons, but generally speaks extemporaneously, after careful preparation. Mr. Bates was married March 27, 1866, to Miss Josepa J. Locklin, of Champion, New York. She was born September 20, 1844, and is a member of the Baptist church. Her love and sympathy for her husband and his work strengthen him in his labor of love and till their home with happiness.

Rev. Wellington E. Loucks, pastor of the First Presbyterian church of Crawfordsville, was born in Peoria, Illinois, October 12, 1854. His father, Judge Wellington Loucks, was born in New York, near Albany. He attended Hanover College, Indiana, and Oxford College, Ohio. He emigrated from New York to Detroit, Michigan, and in 1835 settled in Peoria, where he was a very successful merchant for a time, during which he read law. He began the practice of law and was elected judge of Peoria county, which position he held eight years. He has ever since been one of the leading lawyers of Peoria. He is a member of the Presbyterian church, and an active Sabbath-school worker. Mr. Louck's mother, Rebecca A. Loucks, is a member of the Presbyterian church, and early taught her children the rudiments of education, and those moral and religious principles that have guided them in life. At seven years of age the subject of this sketch entered the intermediate department of the city schools of Peoria, and graduated in the complete course in the class of 1873. After graduating he began teaching school, and continued reading medicine with Dr. J. C. Fry. In June, 1873. he was converted and joined the First Presbyterian church of Peoria, which changed his whole course of action. He immediately resolved upon the ministry, which he had hitherto tried to avoid, and began the study of theology under Jonathan Edwards, D.D., now professor of theology in Danville Seminary, Kentucky, but then pastor of the First Presbyterian church of Peoria. The interest shown him by Dr. Edwards was of great value to him in unfolding the principles of a correct theology.. Mr. Loucks was married January 21, 1875, to Miss Emma R. Johnson, of Peoria, and in March moved to Madison, Indiana, for the purpose of graduating in Hanover College. He became connected with the Y. C. A. S., and worked in the great revival of 1875 in southern Indiana, going from city to city. That fall he was taken very sick and came near losing his life. Upon recovery, fearing that the demands of Christian work in that place would interfere with his college work, he removed to Crawfordsville in November 1875, and entered Wabash College, beginning with the lowest preparatory class in Greek, and graduated in the regular classical course -with the class of 1877. In 1876 he took charge of the Darlington and Bethel churches. In April, 1877, he was licensed to preach, and ordained for the Presbyterian ministry by the presbytery of Crawfordsville at an adjourned meeting at Darlington October 11, 1877. He remained pastor of the Darlington and Bethel churches until September 1, 1879, when he received a call from the Presbyterian church at Bloonifield, Iowa, and from the First Presbyterian church of Crawfordsville. He took charge of the latter church, of which he is still pastor. In 1879 he was elected stated clerk of the presbytery of Crawfordsville. Mr. Louck's ministry has been successful in the building up and increasing the membership of each church where he has labored. He is a man of strong convictions, an ardent believer in the good old doctrines of Calvinism, and preaches the truth as he understands it. He is held in high esteem by his brethren, and his standing with the church and the world is in the highest degree favorable to his reputation. He writes his sermons but delivers them without manuscript or notes. So accurate and wonderful is his memory that nothing he reads escapes him. He has a passion for music, also the study of elocution. He has a well selected library to which he is constantly adding. His sermons are characterized by beautiful language, apt illustration, accurate expression, breadth of thought, and a correct delineation of the motives of human nature, the springs of human action, and an application to the wants of human life. There have been born to him three children: Myra A., Edward W., and Kuth. The last one died in infancy. Mr. Loucks has an amiable and lovely wife, who assists and sympathizes with him in his labors, makes many warm friends, and fills his home with the sunshine of love.

Dr. Fred. F. Montague, physician and surgeon, Crawfordsville, was born in Erie county, Ohio, June 18, 1840. He lived there till eleven years old, then, with his parents, made an overland trip to California, staying there three years, then returned by water to and settled in Detroit, Michigan, where he lived until he came to Crawfordsville. He had a common school education, and attended Oberlin College two years, 1856 and 1857. He then clerked in a drug store, and has ever since been connected with the drug business. In 1862 the doctor enlisted in the 4th Mich. Cav. as hospital steward, and served in this capacity three years. The experience gained in this service has been of much value to him in his profession. He was in the battles of Perryville and Stone River; at this battle he was captured and immediately paroled. The doctor is a graduate of the American Eclectic College, and has attended the surgical school at Indianapolis. He began the practice of medicine in 1868, in Detroit, Michigan, and settled in Crawfordsville in 1876. in limited circumstances. His practice here has increased until he now has more than he can do. The doctor was first married to Marian Humphries, in 1861. She died in 1873. They had three children by this marriage. He "was married the second time, to Mrs. Ella Doharty, of this city.

John C. Barnhill, grocer, Crawfordsville, was born July 19, 1853, in Marion county, Indiana. His father, John C., was born February 7, 1830, in the same county, and his mother, Martha A. (Carter) Barnhill, was born in Hendricks county, Indiana, July 19, 1829. John C. Sr. is a farmer, and oversees 710 acres of land, 235 of which he owns. He is a strong republican, but quiet in political circles. He and his wife are members of the Christian church. The parents of John C. Sr. came to Indiana in a very early day, and settled in Indianapolis when there were but three log cabins there. His father was born in Ohio, and mother in New Jersey. His father blazed the first road nine miles westward from Indianapolis, and one of the streets of that city is named for him. The parents of Mrs. Barnhill came from North Carolina to Hendricks county in 1822, and her father still lives, at the age of eighty-seven. John C. Barnhill, Jr. passed his youth on the farm. He was educated at Plainfield, and at the university at Indianapolis. At the age of twenty-one years he began business for himself in the grocery trade at Indianapolis, handling about $50,000 worth of stock per year. In 1876 he sold out and came to Crawfordsville, and became the silent partner in the firm of Hadley & Hornaday, in the large grocery establishment opposite the post-office. Mr. Hadley retiring, Mr. Barnhill became the equal partner with Mr. Hornaday, and the firm is now Hornaday & Barnhill. They have a handsome store 40x80, with ware-room 25x60, and have done a business of about $75,000 per year. Mr. Barnhill was married September 2, 1874, to Mary C. Hadley, daughter of Harlan Hadley. She was born September 19, 1854. They have three children : Farrie E., Mabel C. and Frank. He is a republican, and a member of the Eoyal Arcanum. The family of Barnhills is remarkable for longevity. John C. Sr., his wife and children, grandchildren, and four sisters, are all living.

James E. Bryant, merchant, Crawfordsville, is prominent among the business men of the city. Mr. Bryant was born in Hertford county, North Carolina, July 15, 1830, and is the son of Benjamin and Ann (Millar) Bryant. His father was a native of Southampton county, and died in 1860, at the age of sixty years. His mother, of the same nativity, died in 1862, at the age of sixty years. Both were members of the Methodist church, he being class leader and steward. The father of Benjamin Bryant fought in the war of 1812. He was a noted man in Virginia, and an extensive planter. At the age of twenty years he married a young lady fourteen years old \ raised fourteen children, to each of whom he gave a good farm and eight or ten negroes as a start in life. He died at the age of eighty-four, and his wife at seventy-seven. James R. Bryant enjoyed but few educa: tional advantages. At the age of fifteen years he began merchandising, and before he was married became a merchant handling his own stock, in Murfreesboro, North Carolina. On January 14, 1851, he was married to Miss Aura E. Kayner, daughter of Hon. James K. Rayner, of Bertie county, North Carolina. She was born September 28, 18^2, in the same county as her husband. Pier father was state senator for many years, and died in 1851, aged-forty-five years. Her mother, Frances (Lawrence) Eayner, died at the age thirty-two years. Mr. and Mrs. Bryant, leaving the land of their birth, located in Indianapolis, where Mr. Bryant entered the dry-goods house of "W. H. Glenn as salesman, and also had charge of the wholesale department. He remained with this firm till he was elected state librarian, January 14, 1857. After the close of his oflScial career he engaged in the wholesale and retail grocery trade in Indianapolis, in 1860, and in 1861 bought 400 acres of land near Romney, in Tippecanoe county. This farm is known as the "Pilot Grove" farm, a name given by the Indians, as the grove served as a landmark for the redmen. On this beautiful farm the Bryants lived till 1877, when Mr. Bryant engaged in the hardware and agricultural implement business, in Crawfordsville. Here he occupies the largest store-room in the county, with a full stock in trade. The building is a two-story brick, 42x160, situated on Washington street, west of the court-house. Tin and iron roofing is manufactured and made a speciality. A full line of builder's materials is always on hand. Mr. and Mrs. Bryant have a family of three children: William H., Fannie, and Jennie. Both are members of the Methodist church, in which he is steward and collector. He is also superintendent of the Sabbath-school; is a Mason and a member of the Knights of Pythias, and is also a thorough republican.

Braxton Cash, farmer, Crawfordsville, second son and child of Leroy and Mary (Patterson) Cash, was born in Rockbridge county, Virginia, September 15, 1839. In June, 1861, he enlisted in the second Rockbridge company, which was attached to the 52d Virginia regiment. He served with this command from July 10 to October 1, when his company was designated the 2d Rockbridge Artillery. Hefought at Cheat river, and at Winchester against Banks, and was engaged next on the morn ing of April 2,1865, before daylight, south of Petersburg, his company losing their battery in this last battle. His company sharing the demoralization of Lee's army after the retreat from Richmond began, straggled, and only a part of the men were in the surrender at Appomattox. Our subject, with one of his lieutenants, was in the mountains. He returned to his home, and went to farming. In 1867, emigrating to this county, he engaged in the same occupation here. On November 23, 1869, he was married to Miss Mary A. Simpson, who died January 24, 1873, leaving one child, Samuel, who was born January 24, 1871. His second marriage was with Miss Laura Wol-verton, and occurred March 17, 1880. She was the daughter of John H. Wolverton, who was born in New Jersey, and at the age of nineteen came to Butler county, Ohio. In 1836 he removed to Montgomery county, and for twenty years lived in Crawfordsville. He then settled on the farm where Mr. Cash is living, and died there November 1, 1880, aged seventy. His wife died in March 1876 at the age of sixty-five. Mrs. Cash is a member of the Baptist church, and was converted in 1871, under the labors of the Rev. J. M. Kendall. Mr. Cash is a Mason, and a member of the Beach Grove Detective Company. In politics a democrat.

Dr. E. W. Keegan, physician and surgeon, Crawfordsville, was born in Evansville, this state, and is the son of Patrick and Eliza Keegan. They were both born near Belfast, Ireland, and came to this country when about thirteen years old; were members of the Methodist church, and died a lew years ago. The doctor went to school in Evansville two years, was in the Marine hospital two years, attended Rush Medical College two years, then practiced in Gibson county two years, and then located in Crawfordsville in 1862. He held the position of United States examining pension surgeon six years, and has been a successful physician. He was married in 1861, to Amanda Stone. She is a member of the Methodist church. They have one boy and two girls.

Abel S. Holbrook, shoemaker, Crawfordsville, was born June 14, 1821, in Brnintree, Massachusetts, and is a son of William and Rhoda (Stetson) Holbrook, both natives of the same state. William Holbrook was a manufacturer, but failing in business he then worked in leather. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, and his father was a lieutenant in the revolution. Mrs. Rhoda Holbrook was a member of Dr. R. S. Storr's church, at Braintree. She died in 1866, and he in 1871, in their native state. He had been a strong northern democrat. Abel S. Holbrook attended a common school, and early began the trade of shoemaking. In 1845 he worked in Dayton, Ohio, six months, then went south for the purpose of travel, visiting many ports. He also worked in Springfield, Illinois, was in business in Missouri, and followed his trade in Jacksonville some three years. He spent much timo in traveling, going to the Rocky Mountains, and in a return trip from Denver, Colorado, to St. Joe, Missouri, he walked a distance of 750 miles, carrying whatever baggage he had on his back. During his travels he suffered many privations, never hesitating to give away the little he at any time possessed to those that were hungry. He returned to Indiana, and in 1862 enlisted in Co. I, 4th Ind. Cav., 77th reg. He was afterward transferred to the 7th reg. Veteran Reserve Corps, Co. I, under Capt. Knox. For a time he acted as sergeant, and was discharged on account of disability. He married, February 22, 1866, E. J. (Lewis) Davidson, of Craw- fordsville, Indiana, and has since followed his trade in the same place. Mr. Holbrook was a democrat, and voted for Stephen A. Douglas, but cast his vote for Abraham Lincoln in 1864, and lias continued a stalwart republican since. He belongs to the Grand Army of the Republic. Mrs. Holbrook is a member of the Methodist church. They have one child, Nellie.

Joseph Grubb, farmer, Crawfordsville, was born October 24, 1832, in Ross county, Ohio, and is the son of Ebenezer and Anna (Young) Grubb. His father was born January 16, 1809, in London county, Virginia, and was of German descent. His mother was born May 28, 1859, in Little York, Pennsylvania, and traces her forefathers to Ireland. Both are members of the Methodist church. Joseph Grubb spent the years of his youth on the farm, receiving his education in the common school during winter months. By close attention to his studies he soon fitted himself for teaching, which he made his occupation from liis nineteenth year until the murmurings of civil strife called him to the battle-field. April 22, 1861, he enlisted in Co. G, 10th Ind. Vols., under Col. Manson, for three months service. In July, 1862, he reenlisted in Co. B, 72d Ind. Inf., under Col. A. O. Miller. On account of sickness and partial paralysis he was discharged, March 26, 1863, and returned home. Shortly after he engaged in teaching, and in the spring of 1864 became bookkeeper for Davis, Manson & Co., grain dealers, Crawfordsville, Indiana, which position he held for six years. In 1870 he became the leading member of the firm of Grubb, Martin & Co., in the grain business. In 1874 the partnership was dissolved, on account of the death of one of the firm, and in the spring of 1875 Mr. Grubb engaged in farming, which is still his partial occupation. In 1878 he was elected township trustee, which office he still holds. He is a thorough republican and a prominent Mason. Mr. Grubb was married December 13, 1866, to Emma Funk, daughter of T. J. and Rachel (Kinder) Funk. She was born August 6,1847, in Miamisburir, Montgomery county, Ohio. They have four children: Mary B., Walter D., Anna L., and Lizzie D. Both Mr. and Mrs. Grubb are members of the Methodist church. Dr. Joseph R. Duncan, Crawfordsville, was born March 21, 1827, in Highland county, Ohio, and is the son of Alexander and Susan (Robb) Duncan. His father came with parents to America, and settled on a farm in Pennsylvania, when he was eleven years of age. Alexander afterward moved to Ohio, where he died July 12, 1861, in Highland county, at the age of eighty-one years. He fought in the war of 1812, voted the democratic ticket till his later years, when he supported the republican party. His wife, Susan, was born in Kentucky, and with him was a member of the Methodist church for many years. Joseph R., son of the above, spent his youth on the farm. At the age of twenty-two he began the study of medicine. His health failing he was obliged to abandon his studies, and by the help of friends obtained a subscription school, and with his earnings attended the higher schools, after which he taught, at the same time resuming and following his medical studies with Dr. Earle, of Waynetown. After three years' study he settled at Hillsborough, then at Jacksonville, Indiana, for the practice of his profession, afterward Knoxville, Iowa. In 1858 he attended the Cincinnati Eclectic Medical College, where he graduated in 1859, and returned to Knoxville, where he practiced for seventeen years. In 1863 he was commissioned assistant surgeon in the llth Iowa reg. On account of failing health he resigned, but again served as surgeon in the 46th Iowa, for about three months. In Iowa he organized the State Eclectic Medical Society, and was president of that body for five years. In 1871 he was elected president of the National Eclectic Medical Society, which met at New York city. Soon after he was tendered the first chair of Physiology, then the chair of the Diseases of the Heart, Throat and Lungs, in Bennett Medical College, Chicago. After that he was elected to the chair of Diseases of Women and Children. He lost his property in Chicago by fire in 1874, resigned his position in the college and removed to Crawfordsville. He has occasionally lectured in this institution since. During the second year at Crawfordsville he was made president of the Indiana State Eclectic Medical Society. In 1877, on account of ill-health, he retired from all practice, except office and city. He attributes the loss of his health to the excessive use of tobacco in 1879, becoming almost blind, at which time, after having been addicted to the habit for forty years, he ceased its use altogether, and his health has rapidly improved. He was one of a family of nineteen children. He is a Mason and Odd-Fellow, and a member of the A.O.U.W., and a republican. He was married June 29, 1848, to Mary Krug, daughter of William A. Krug, an old settler, and now nearly ninety years of age. Mrs. Duncan was born June 11, 1828. They have four children: William A. and Mary C., both deceased; Alice E. and Ernest A. living. Mr. and Mrs. Duncan are members of the Methodist church.

I. N. Van Sickle, jeweler, Crawfordsville, was born in Preble county, Ohio, October 14, 1842. His father, William Van Sickle, was born in 1798 in New Jersey, and died in 1860. His mother, Kachel M. (Southard) Van Sickle, was born in 1801 in the same state, and died in 1880. In 1849 I. N. Van Sickle removed with his parents to Clinton county, Indiana. He was raised a farmer, which occupation he continued till the spring of 1862. In that year he attended Bacon's Commercial College at Cincinnati, and graduated, thus fitting himself for a business more commercial than farming. In the fall of 1862 he accepted a situation as bookkeeper with the wholesale grocery house of Bausemer Bro. & Co., at La Fayette, which he held two years, when he resigned for the purpose of a trip south, but he was offered and accepted the position of first clerk in the provost marshal's office, under Capt. James Park, and filled throughout the entire draft for soldiers for the war of the rebellion. On retiring from that office he was engaged as bookkeeper for J. W. Blair & Co., pork packers at Crawfordsville, and began his work November 21, 1864. Before the close of the packing season he was offered the position as bookkeeper in the First National Bank, and had also an offer from the Toledo, Wabash & Western railroad. He accepted the situation with the bank, January 1, 1865. On November 16, 1865, Mr. Van Sickle was united in marriage to Miss Mary C. Bromley. Two children have been born to them: Mabel C., born August 28, 1866, and Jessie F., born February 1868. Mr. Van Sickle remained in the bank for three years, and in March; 1868, formed a partnership with H. T. Shepherd, in the jewelry business, under the firm name of Shepherd & Van Sickle. At the end of seventeen months the partnership, at the instance of Van Sickle, was dissolved, each partner taking one half the stock, Shepherd retaining the room and Van Sickle, for the time being, taking a small part of the counter room in the dry-goods store of J. C. Fullenwider & Co. About December 1, 1870, he moved into the room one door east of Green street, on Main, where he remained till July 1, 1880. His business had so increased as to justify him in expending considerable money in erecting and fitting out a neat brick store-room. This he occupied at the date last specified, four doors east of Elston's bank, almost opposite the postofEce. Two large, costly upright display cases, filled witti all kinds of silver ware of the highest order, besides his counter show-cases full of diamonds, watches and jewelry, and clocks on the shelves, give his room richness and elegance. His trade is more extensive than that of any other house in the city, and he receives orders from the extreme northern portion of the state, Michigan, Illinois and Iowa. He is popularly known (especially by the railroad men, with whom he does an extensive trade) as Van Sickle the Crawfordsville jeweler. Mr. Van Sickle possesses the elements of a business man and upon such a man customers can depend.

Fountain B. Guthrie, merchant, Crawfordsville, is one of the firm of Guthrie Brothers, dealers in groceries and meats, third door south of Elston's Bank. Butchering is a large part of their business. They carry a stock of about §3,000, and do a lucrative.trade. William and Elizabeth (James) Guthrie were born in Kentucky. In 1831 they came to Crawfordsville, where they made farming their occupation, and later in life marketed much produce. William Guthrie died January 30, 1873, his wife having passed away in 1868. They were both members of the regular Baptist church. He was a whig, but in the later life of that party he united with the democracy. His grandfather Guthrie was a Scotchman, who came to America and settled in Virginia. The Jameses are Irish. Mrs. Guthrie's father came to America in 1798. He was an Irish rebel. The Jameses came to Montgomery county in an early day. Fountain B., son of William and Elizabeth Guthrie, was born in Crawfordsville, September 21, 1834. His young days were spent mostly on the farm, after which he traveled some. He spent six years in the gold mines of California. There he was at times fortunate, yet disaster came as often. He at one time accumulated $16,000, invested in mine stock, and lost all. In 1865 he returned to Crawfordsville and engaged in butchering, which he still follows, having later added groceries to his trade. He is associated with his brother Silas W. Guthrie. They now own their store, slaughter-house and dwellings. Mr. Guthrie was married July 2, 1867, to Mary E. Davis, of Wood- ford county, Kentucky. They have seven children, three boys and four girls. Mr. and Mrs. Guthrie are members of the Presbyterian church. He is an Odd-Fellow, and a republican. He cast his first presidential vote for John C. Fremont.

Noah S. Joslin, merchant, Crawfordsville, was born in Owen county, Indiana, September 7, 1837. His father. Dr. A. Joslin, was a native of Albany, New York, a graduate of the old Philadelphia Medical College, and a prominent physician. He was a whig and active in local politics. Mrs. Mary A. (Allison) Joslin, mother of Noah, was a native of Kentucky, but her people were old settlers of Maryland. She died about 1862, at the age of fifty-three years. Mr. Joslin died at the age of fifty-two years. The Joslins were formerly from England. Noah S. Joslin was raised in Owen county and received his education in the common schools of his day. In 1864 he became a commercial traveler, and in 1865, purchased the stove establishment of Chilling Johnson, in Crawfordsville, and afterward added furniture to his trade. He is now one of the permanent and successful business men of the city. He was married June 19, 1864, to Frances E. Squire, daughter of the Eev. O. Squire, of the Rock River Conference, New York. His wedding ceremonies took place in Clyde, Ohio. Mrs. Joslin is a graduate of Casnovia College, New York, a member of Chatauqua Reading Society, prominent in the literary circle of Crawfordsville, and a member of the "Woman'sEqual Rights Club." Mr. Joslin belongs to the fraternities of Masons, Knights of Pythias, and the Ancient Order of United "Workmen. They have three children, Howard, Jessie, and Ella. Both Mr. and Mrs. Joslin are prominent in the Methodist church, he having been class-leader for many years.

Thomas N. Lucas, wholesale grocer, Crawfordsville, was born in Fountain county, Indiana, November 11, 1844, in Old Chambers- burg. He began business for himself in the fall of 1865, with very little capital. In 1865 he enlisted in Co. C, 154th Ind. Vols., and served to the close of the war. He commenced business in Steam Corner, Fountain county. He was there five years, then went to Hillsboro and remained eight years, and then came to Crawfordsville in 1878. His store building is 70x22, and three stories high. He is having a large trade, supplying stores in several counties in the state. Mr. Lucas was married January 7, 1866, and has two children living and two dead. He is a member of the Christian church, a strong republican, and an upright, respectable gentleman.

P. Lewis Fisher, druggist, Crawfordsville, was born November 28, 1852, in Aurora, Indiana. His father, Peter Fisher, was a native of Alsace, France, and came to America in 1840, and his mother, Catharine (Miller) Fisher, was born in Bavaria, and came to America in 1847. Lewis attended school until twelve years old. In 1865 he came with his parents to Crawfordsville. Here he harbered for a time, then became clerk in the drug store of E. J. Binford »fe Brother, with whom he stayed three years, then worked one year with James Patterson, in the jewelry business. Leaving the jewelry he returned to his former position in the drug store, remaing some ten years. Here he received a thorough and practical education in his branch of trade, and being quite competent to manage business for himself, he became associated with J. B. Breaks Jr., in the drug business. The partnership continued one and a half years, when Mr. Fisher became sole proprietor. He is now doing a trade of about $12,000 per year. Mr. Fisher is yet a young man, but has made a good start in the world by his own eiforts, and should be encouraged. He is careful and proficient in his business, and keeps, emphatically, the "peoples' store." He was married November 23, 1876, to Mary Sullivan, daughter of Daniel and Catharine (O'Conner) Sullivan. She was born November 9, 1854, in La Fayette, Indiana. They have one child, Walter G., born December 23, 1878, in Crawfordsville. Both are Catholics. Mr. Fisher owns his store, stock, and dwelling.

Charles L. Thomas, a successful member of the Crawfordsville bat, was born December 24, 1822, in Philadelphia, and is a brother of Judge Thomas, whose biography is in this work. His boyhood was spent on the farm. In 1855 he graduated in the scientific course ofWabash College. About 1856 he began a three-years course in the Ohio Medical College, at Cincinnati, in which he graduated. After graduation he was chosen resident physician of the hospital at Cincinnati. He then came to Warren county, and practiced medicine until July, 1862, when he was chosen assistant surgeon of the 25th Ind. reg., and in the following October, surgeon. He was in part of the Atlanta campaign with Sherman on his march to the sea, in the campaign of the Carolinas, in the grand review of Sherman's army, and was mustered out in July 1865. He practiced medicine after the war in Crawfordsville, until 1867, when he began the study of law, being a very successful lawyer. In 1873, 1874 and 1875 he was deputy collector of revenue. He belongs to the Grand Army of the Republic, and is a republican. Mr. Thomas was married in 1866 to Miss Mattie Binford, daughter of Samuel Binford. She died in January, 1871, and was a member of the Presbyterian church. By this marriage there were two children: Samuel B. and Mattie B. Samuel Binford was born in Virginia, December 22, 1809, and settled in Montgomery county in 1830. He has been one of the successful business men of Crawfordsville, and is now vice-president of the First. National Bank of this city. He is one of the substantial citizens of this community.

"William B. Lyle, a native of Wayne county, Indiana, was born March 5, 1835. His father, David Lyle, was born in Virginia, but early moved westward, first to Ohio, then, in 1828, to Richmond, Indiana. He was a brick-mason by trade, but in later years he followed farming. He was very active in the whig party, and occupied the office of magistrate for many years. He was a man of much influence among his friends, being impartial to all, never becoming ultra on questions in which men are liable to err. He had been in the war of 1812, and had experienced Indian hostilities. He died in 1850, at the age of sixty years. Win. B.'s mother, Margaret (Scott) Lyle, was born in north Ireland, and died in 1835, when William was a babe. Both she and her husband were members of the Presbyterian church. William B. was raised on the farm, attended the common school of Richmond, and in 1852 began learning the carpenter's trade, which he followed several years, and then entered an iron foundry, following the same since 1855. He worked at Richmond till 1860, then at Greencastle till 1866, when he came to Crawfordsville, and in the firm of Blair, Lyle & Smith built a small foundry, furnishing it on a small scale, but since the business increasing, much needed machinery has been added. Nearly all the patterns and plasters have been made by hand, employing eight workmen. They manufacture the celebrated extension shaft drag- saw, iron fences, etc. The firm is now Lyle & Smith. Mr. Lyle was married June 9, 1858, to Elizabeth J. McCorkle, daughter of Hugh McCorkle, of Troy, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Lyle are members of the Presbyterian church. He is a stalwart republican, a member of the fraternities of Knights of Pythias, and Ancient Order of United Workmen. In the latter lodge he is master workman. Mr. Lyle is genial and pleasant toward all, and favors all movements that tend to improve the city or county. His business is an important item among the industries of the city, and should be patronized by home and surrounding territory.

Jacob M. and John D., who died April 14, 1864, as a member of Co. G, 40th Ind. Vols., and was buried at Darlington. About five years after Mr. Troutman's death his widow married George W. Snyder, of Washington county, Maryland. In November, 1846, Mr. Snyder and family came to Montgomery county and located at Yonntsville, where he was engaged as clerk in the dry-goods house of Snyder & Sickle for about four months, when he became dissatisfied and moved to Greene county, Ohio, near Xenia, where he resided until his death, in the fall of 1876. They became the parents of six children, three boys and three girls. Jacob M. was engaged upon the farm until he arrived at the age of seventeen years, when he began serving an apprenticship of four years with Baughman & Snyder. millers, Greene county, on the Little Miami river. At the expiration of his time he came to Yountsville and was engaged four years as foreman in A. J. Snyder's mill. August 10, 1854, he was married, in Yountsville, to Mary Yount, second daughter of Dan Yount, an eminent pioneer of Montgomery county. She was born June 16, 1836, at Attica, Indiana. They are the parents of eight children, six of whom are living: Ida, Anna, Dan, died September 6, 1863; Sarah, died May 11, 1864; Gertrude, Harry, Beecher, and Edward C. Ida is married to E. H. O'Neal, of Yountsville, and Anna to Otto Shoen, of Detroit, Michigan. After his marriage Mr. Troutman was engaged as foreman of the mill at Norway, "White county, but after six months he leased the mills at the Tippecanoe battle-ground, which he operated two years. From here he moved to Darlington and purchased a farm, a saw and grist mill, the latter having a capacity of seventy-five barrels per day, where he carried on a very successful business until August, 1866, when he located at Troutman's and purchased the grist-mill built in 1858 by R. H. Craig. It has a capacity of 100 barrels per day, situated on the bank of Sugar creek, and is supplied with one of the best water-powers in the country. Troutman's, a station situated on the Indianapolis, Bloomington & Western railroad, and three miles southwest of Crawfordsvitle, was named in honor of him. Mr. Troutman is the agent and the postmaster, receiving his commission in November 1870. He i&.a Methodist, as is also his wife. In 1858 he joined the Odd-Fellows at Darlington, and has taken every degree. He is also a Mason,, joining at Darlington in 1856, and is now a member of Montgomery Lodge, No. 50, and a member of the chapter, the council, and the commandery. He is a stalwart republican and one of the most active'of his party in the county.

Judge Albert D. Thomas, a prominent member of the Crawfordsville bar, was born in Warren county, Indiana, January 17, 1841, and is the son of Horatio J. Thomas. His father was a merchant in the city of Philadelphia before coming to Indiana. Erasmus Thomas, the father of Horatio Thomas, was a distinguished physician of the city, and for several years clerk of the county, of Philadelphia. The subject of this sketch lived on the farm until he was twenty-three years of age. He attended the common school, and in 1864 graduated in the scientific course of Wabash College. In the fall of 1864 he began reading law while clerking in a store, reading law at night and other odd times. In the fall of 1865 he entered the law department of Ann Arbor University, attending there one year. In January, 1867, he entered the law office of John M. Butler, now 'the law partner of Senator McDonald, of Indianapolis. He studied with him four months and then opened an office with his brother, Charles L., and has been a member of the bar of this city ever since. In October, 1872, he was elected judge of the court of common pleas of Montgomery, Fountain, and Vermilion counties, and held this office until it was abolished by the state legislature in the spring of 1873. In the fall of the same year he was elected judge of the twenty-second judicial circuit of the State of Indiana, composed of Montgomery and Parke counties, carrying the circuit by over 1,200 majority, and Montgomery county by nearly 700, holding the office six years. During his judicial life Judge Thomas discharged the duties of his office with credit to himself, with honor to the bench, and with satisfaction to his constituents. Judge Thomas was married July 25, 1878, to Miss Ruth Vance, of this city. They have one child, Helen L., born October 7, 1879. Mr. Thomas is a member, and since 1874 has been an elder, in the Center Presbyterian church. In politics he is republican, and in the state convention, in 1880, received a large vote for the nomination for judge .of the supreme court of the state, being beaten only by the wider acquaintance of an older competitor. Judge Thomas is a dignified, honorable gentleman, and an influencial member of society. W. C. Lockhart, lumberer, Crawfordsville, was born in Lexington, Richland county, Ohio, May 27, 1834. His father, James Lock- hart, was a native of Ireland, his people having been driven from Scotland into north Ireland during the persecutions. James, at the age of twenty-five years, emigrated to Pennsylvania, and there met his future wife, Jane McBride. She was born in Pennsylvania, Cumberland county, and moved with her parents to Ohio. Mr. Lockhart followed in the following year and was married. He was a distiller by trade, and learned his business under a Presbyterian preacher. Customs then were different to those of the present day. dealing in "ardent spirits " being supported by public opinion, and engaged in even by the clergy. Mr. Lockhart raised his family for years under its influence. In 1856 he removed to De Kalb county, Indiana, and there died August 16, 1877. His wife died August 20, 1857. They were members of the Presbyterian church. He was a member of the society of Orangemen. W. C. Lockhart was raised, until twelve years of age, in the distillery. At that age he and his brother, Robert M., assisted largely by their mother, prevailed upon their father to quit the traffic and engage in farming. In 1855 he and his brother built a saw-mill in De Kalb county, Indiana, and engaged in the lumber business. In 1868 W. C. began the same business in Crawfordsville, and in 1869 moved his family to' the same city. He built a saw-mill on East Jefferson street, which he still owns. He has since added a planing-mill. He, in connection with his brother, owned and ran a saw-mill in Parke county five years. In April, 1879, he began the same business in Iowa, and his brother continues in the lumber trade in De Kalb county. They have handled as high as 3,000,000 feet of lumber per year. In August, 1861. Mr. Lockhart, assisted by Wesley Park, recruited.a company of soldiers in De Kalb county, of which he was to have been first lieutenant, but owing to sickness with typhoid fever, the position, after being held vacant for him for two months, was filled by the afterward Col. Auldrich. When well, in August 1862, he entered as a private in Co. A, 100th Ind. Vol. Inf., and was elected fifth sergeant, and promoted second sergeant. In 1863 he was discharged on account of disability. He returned to his home, and December 22, 1864, was married to Elizabeth E. Spenser, of Shalersville, Ohio. She died October 16, 1867, leaving one child, Jennie M. She was a member of the Christian church. Mr. Lockhart was next married May 6, 1879, to Mary E. Hickox, daughter of Joseph W. and Sally (James) Hickox, of Mansfield, Ohio. She was born May 26, 1834, in Kent, Ohio. They have one child, Robert W. She is a member of the Missionary Baptist church. He is a member of the societies of A.F. and A.M., I.O.O.F., I.O.G.F., and G.A. of R., and a staunch republican.

James J. Insley, livery and feed stables, Crawfordsville, was born October 15, 1838, in Tippecanoe county, Indiana, and is a son of Andrew and Isabell (Johnson) Insley. His father, Andrew Insley, was a native of North Carolina, and died in 1861. He was an old- time whig, and in his later years a warm republican. He was postmaster of Sugar Grove, Tippecanoe county, for twenty-seven years, and used to say there was not a democrat in the county that could read and write, so they were obliged to keep him in the office, whatever the administration. His wife was a native of Ohio. Her grandparents came from Ireland, The Insleys are of English descent. Mr. and Mrs. Insley were members of the Methodist church, and their house was formerly used as the headquarters for the ministers. James spent his youth on the farm, also received a good common school education. When twenty-two years of age he was married to Aadine, daughter of Isaac H. and Elizabeth (Parks) Montgomery. They have three children: Grace, Morton H. and Elsie. Mr. Insley farmed until 1869, when he came to Crawfordsville and entered the livery business. Here he has made an extensive business. His stable is large, being 82x165, with sheds, and he keeps from twenty-five to forty horses. For some time he also controlled the omnibus line, but sold this in 1880. Mr. Insley is a strong republican, and served one year in the quartermaster's department during the war. He is a member of the order of Knights of Pythias, and the Royal Arcanum. He and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church.

J. C. Fry, grocer and baker, Crawfordsville, is a native of Fountain county, Indiana, and was born March 19, 1848. His father, Solomon Fry, was a Pennsylvanian, born in 1820, and died May 1, 1879, and his mother, Catharine (Bever) Fry, was born in Fountain county, and died in October 1853. His father was a blacksmith by trade, but in his later years followed farming. He was a whig and republican. Both he and his wife were members of the Methodist church. He was deacon at the time of his death. His grandfather, Jacob Fry, was one of the Hessians hired by England to tight in the revolution, and after the war closed he settled in Pennsylvania, from whence come the Frys. J. C. Fry was raised a farmer, educated in common schools, also for awhile at Wabash College, and afterward at the Commercial College at Greencastle, In 1869 he became clerk in the grpcery store of A. F. Ramsay, in Crawfordsville, with whom he stayed four years. In 1873 he associated himself with J. F. Shean in the same trade, and at the end of three years bought the interest of Mr. Shean, and continued the business alone, west of the court-house, with a stock of about $1,800, and doing a trade of about $15,000 per year. In 1878 he moved his stock into the large brick building he now occupies. Here he carries a stock of $3,500, and does a business of about $25,000 per year, employing four men. Mr. Fry enlisted, in 1865, in the 154th Ind. Vols., under Jacob Dice. Returning from the war he worked his own way in both his educational and business careers, and richly deserves the prosperity he enjoys. He is a solid republican and a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen. He was married July 8, 1872, to Anna E., daughter of Pleasant and Elizabeth Ramsay, of Crawfordsville. She is a member of the Baptist church. They have four children: Pearl A., Elizabeth C., Maud E. and Myrtle M.

William S. Steele, retired, Crawfordsville, an old settler of Montgomery county, was born January 24, 1809, in Kentucky, and is a son of Thomas and Catharine (McClure) Steele. His father was a Virginian, and his mother was born in South Carolina. They came to Montgomery county in 1827, and settled near Yountsville, where they engaged in milling. They ran about the first mill built in the county, controlling it about fifteen years, then rented the Spring mill, near Yountsville. Thomas Steele taking ill, was conveyed to the home of his son, William Steele, where he died at the age of seventy-two years, and his wife followed him a few years afterward. They sleep the sleep of pioneers, and it is well their names should live as such. William S. Steele knew how to use the axe and follow the plow, and has seen the time when he could not own a team, yet by hard labor and care he has accumulated until he now owns 400 acres of land, well stocked, in Eipley township. In 1870 he retired from active labor, and moved to Crawfordsville to spend his old days in comfort. He was married August 3, 1837, to Rebecca Smith, daughter of Jacob and Ellen Smith, of Ripley township. Her people came from Ohio. She died in 1851, at the age of thirty-two. They had six children. James S. and Anna are living. James S. was born April 27,.1838, in Wayne township, Montgomery county, Indiana. He was raised on the farm, and educated in the common school on rainy days. January 3,1866, he was married to Louisa McClure, daughter of Matthew and Teressa (Gudgell) McClure, of Kentucky. Her father was a brother to D. F. McClure, of Crawfordsville. Mrs. Steele was born July 15,1847, in Kentucky. They have had four children: two dead, James W. and William M., and two living, Guy and Roy. Both Mr. and Mrs. Steele are members of the Christian church. He is a democrat, as is also his father. Mr. Steele came to Crawfordsville in 1870 and teamed for some time, then in 1874 opened a grocery store on Washington street, where he kept until the spring of 1880, when he built the present neat building on Chestnut street and moved his stock in July. He is now engaged in a lucrative trade on the corner of College and Walnut streets.

Marquis L. Bass, physician and surgeon,.Crawfordsville, was born July 5,1831, in Vermont. When twenty-one years old he came west, and traveled for about two years. In 1853 he began the study of medicine with Dr. R. S. Newton, continuing three years, and in February, 1857, graduated from the Ohio Eclectic Medical Institute. After this he practiced medicine, and also spent three years in the south. The doctor settled in this county in 1861, and lived in Younts- ville four years, Waynetown six years, and settled in the city of Crawfordsville in 1871. He has had a large practice, and is the proprietor of the medicines known as "Dr. Bass'Great Remedies." While practicing at Yountsville he performed a surgical operation which makes an interesting item in his history. A veteran soldier by the name of George Bunker was home on furlough, and while out hunting shot his arm, shattering the bone and grazing an artery. The artery burst and the arm had to be amputated, and as the roads were muddy the doctor could not get his instruments in time; so with jack-knife and carpenter's saw he performed the operation, in about fifteen minutes, between sundown and dark. Jesse Titus administered the chloroform, Elijah Clark examined the pulse, and Caleb Stonebreaker helped bind the arteries. The man was able to walk around in ten days, and his arm healed and got well all right.

John Rice, retired, Crawfordsville, is a member of the family which includes the Rices of Rockville, La Fayette, Attica, etc. About 1760 ten families emigrated from Maryland and settled on Short creek, near the old town of Washington, Virginia. Here they built a fort to protect them against the Indians, and called it Rice Fort, in honor of the grandfather of the subject of this sketch. This fort stood till recent years. Within it played two children, Henry Rice and Elizabeth Lessler. They were raised amid the wilds of frontier life, and danger on every hand from savage Indians. Elizabeth Lessler, while playing with a lad without the fort, was chased by the redmen to the fort, and leaning a ladder against the fort wall she gained safety, but the boy was wounded, and rescued by means of a rope. Many were the exciting times experienced by the inmates of Rice Fort, and at times narrowly escaped extermination. Henry Rice and Elizabeth Lessler were married, and in 1807 settled in Harrison county, Indiana, bringing six children. Here Henry Rice died, about 1825, and about 1835 his wife followed him. He was a builder by trade. The Rices have been Presbyterians far back, and Henry was an elder in the first church at Corydon, Indiana. John Rice, son of the above, was born April 16, 1804, near Wheeling, Virginia. He attended school perhaps three months in his life. He early began the cabinet trade and carpentering. He first worked with his father, and continued this trade till 1845, when he built a grist and saw mill at Corydon. In 1859 the mill burned, and Mr. Rice removed to New Albany, and there built a mill and successfully ran it till 1861, when he had $7,000 or 88,000 worth of flour at Memphis and New Orleans, which was all confiscated by the rebels. In 1865 he moved to Bloom- ingtou, Indiana, and engaged in the stock business, remaining there six years and doing an extensive trade. In 1871 he came to Crawfords- ville, and engaged in stock and wheat trade. He is at present retired from active life and rents his business property. Mr. Rice is a member of the Presbyterian church, and has been an elder in former places. He is a staunch republican, and used to be a whig. He was married June 29, 1829, to Sophia Hinsdill, a school teacher of Vermont. She died September 14, 1846. They had ten children, five of whom preceded their mother in death. She was a good, amiable, and religious woman, and her last words to her husband were: " I take five children with me arid leave five with you." She was a Presbyterian. Mr. Rice was next married February 20, 1849, to Nancy Baldwin, of Louisville, by whom he had five children. She is also a Presbyterian. Mr. Rice is not a politician, and has refused the nomination for sheriff and representative.

J. H. Coffman, lumber merchant, Crawfordsville, was born in Botetourt county, Virginia, July 18, 1824. His father, Christopher Ooft'man, died July 18, 1830, in his sixty-fifth year. Frequently in his life the latter boasted of being able to trace his lineage as far back as the sixteenth century, to Catharine Von Bora, the wife of Martin Luther, whose mother was a Coffman. His mother, Margaret Lottz, was a daughter of George Lottz, a native of Germany. Having married, and wishing to escape conscription, he came to America, and settled in Philadelphia. Soon the war for independence broke out and he enlisted under Washington, remaining with him till the close of the war, when he removed to Augusta county, Virginia. There he bought a large tract of land, and raised his family, and died in 1850, at the age of one hundred and four years. After the death of the father of J. H. Coffman the mother, with her family, returned to Augusta county, Virginia, where she had been raised. Here the subject of this sketch spent his winters in school and summers m fishing, hunting, and other sports. At the age of sixteen years, beginning to entertain concern for the future battles of life, he entered Shemaria Academy, where he remained two years, then pursued a course through the junior year at Virginia Collegiate Institute, near Staunton, Virginia. He next entered and completed a three years' course in the Lutheran Theological Seminary at Lexington, South Carolina. After graduating he settled in Salisbury, North Carolina, and soon engaged in the book and stationery business. About this time he was married to Elizabeth Ann Locke, daughter Richard Locke, of Rowan county. She had one son, Harry Locke, but in less than eighteen months after marriage mother arid son were laid side by side in the Salisbury cemetery. His second wife was a Miss Margaret C. Anderson, whose mother was the daughter of Capt. John Dickey, who greatly distinguished himself in the American revolution, and was alluded to by Wheeler, a southern historian, as the "hero of King's Mountain." By this marriage two children were born: Bettie Virginia (Minnie), and Margaret Catharine (Maggie). Minnie died a short time since in Kansas, Illinois, at the interesting age of twenty. Maggie is living at home. In 1854 Mr. Coif- man returned with his two children to his native state and settled in Hockbridge county, where he agaiued married. This third choice was Miss Martha P. Eads, daughter of John ~W. and Catharine Eads. Mr. Eads was of French extraction, and Mrs. Eads was a daughter of a Scotch Douglas family, and cousin of Stephen A. Douglas. Mr. Coffman's family by his third marriage is four children, three of whom are dead, and one, Samuel M., living, and now at Wabash College, in the class of 1882. When the civil war came Mr. Coff- man was bitterly opposed to secession, but when his state withdrew from the Union he clasped hands with her, and enlisted in Co. I, 4th Vir. reg., in the Stonewall brigade. He followed Jackson in most of his marches, and participated in his battles till at Cedar Creek, October 19, 1864, he was badly wounded and sent home. He rejoined his regiment in the spring of 1865 at Petersburg. In a heavy engagement before Petersburg, a few days before the evacuation of Richmond, he was captured and taken to Lookout, where he was kept till June 15, when he was sent home. In the spring of 1866 he removed his family to Kansas, Illinois, and lived there eleven years, and then came to Crawfordsville in the spring of 1877. Mr. Coffman at once entered a copartnership with Isaac M. Kelsey in the lumber business. At the close of the first year, Mr. Kelsey retiring, the business was carried on by Mr. Coffman alone. He then took as a partner J. L. Williams, an experienced lumberman, and who had been with Mr. Kelsey, his father-in-law, several years, the firm becoming Coffman & Williams. The new firm began business together February 10, 1879, and on the night of July 29 following lost their stock by tire. Although partly secured by insurance they lost heavily. However, they immediately made a new start, and now carry a business second to none in the city. Their headquarters are near the New Albany depot, North Green street, and Mr. Coffman's residence is 21 West Main street. Mr. Coffman's parents were members of the Methodist church, while he and his family belong to the First Presbyterian church of Crawfordsville.

Prof. William T. Fry, teacher, Crawfordsville, was born in Ohio, May 14, 1840. He lived on the farm and had the advantages of the public school until he was seventeen years old; he then entered Oberlin College and went about three years. He enlisted in May, 1861, in Co. D, llth Ind. Vols., and served about four months. His father having died he returned to his home in Ohio and tanght school that winter. May 30 he enlisted in Co. H, 18th Inf., 1st bat., for three years, and served full time. He was in the battles of Stone River, Hoover's Gap, and Chickaraauga. In this last battle he was captured and was a prisoner seventeen months in Richmond, Danville, Andersonville, and Charleston. In 1865 he again attended school at Oberlin, and in 1866 began teaching. He has been principal of the schools at Trenton one year: at Uhricksville, two years; Upper Sandusky, three years. He then traveled three years in the interest of G. H. Grant, dealer in school furniture. In September, 1874, he became superintendent of the schools at Washington, in Daviess county, Indiana. He resigned his position there in 1877 to accept the superintendency of the city schools of Crawfordsville, which position he now successfully fills. Prof. Fry is considerable of a reader, and keeps up with the times. He was married September 27, 1867, to Miss Mary Fenner, a member of the Center Presbyterian church. Prof. Fry belongs to the Masons, Odd- Fellows, Knights of Pythias, the Presbyterian church, and is a republican. Their children are: Ernest E., Oliver R., William F., John C. E. and Mary. As proof of Prof. Fry's efficiency and popularity we will state that he has never asked for a school.

Elder James W. Conner, pastor of the Christian church, Crawfordsville, was born in Rush county, Indiana, December 18, 1837, eight miles north of Rushville. His father, Elder James Conner, was born in Tennessee, and was a preacher in the Christian church for about fifty years. He is now living with his son, the subject of this sketch. Mr. Conner attended high school in Greensburg and Morristown and then went to the Northwestern University, at Indianapolis, now known as Butler University. Mr. Conner has preached in Milton, Humboldt, West Lebanon, Veedersburg, Koko- mo, Rushville, and also traveled in Illinois about five years evangelizing. He settled in Crawfordsville January 1, 1878. Mr. Conner has been very successful as a minister, has made many friends, and has left his different appointments against the wishes of his congregations ; is an able expounder of the truths of the bible, and is one of the purest and best of men, exerting a happy and blessed influence upon society. He studies well his themes, in the preparation of his sermons, and speaks extemporaneously. He does not confine his study and reading to theology, but [reads all branches of literature and science. He was married August 29, 1860, to Miss Olive Stone, of Shelby county. She is a granddaughter of Judge Cole, of that county. They have four children : Leona, Erastus S., Mary Libbie, and Ira L. Three of these are members of the Christian church. The first two graduated in the city schools of Crawfords- ville in the class of 1881. Mr. Conner is an adherent to the principles of the republican party, casting his first vote in 1860 for the immortal Lincoln.

John Nicholson, photographer, Crawfordsville, was born in Jefferson county, Indiana, on a farm, July 12, 1825, and remained a tiller of the soil until he learned the trade of a carpenter. His father, Jesse C., was a carpenter, and is now living in Indianapolis, at the advanced age of seventy-eight years. He is a native of Kentucky, and came to Indiana before it was admitted as a state, and to obtain a market for his produce was compelled to ship it down the river on flat-boats. In 1832 the family moved to Shelbyville, Illinois, where Mr. Nicholson was engaged at his trade. From here the family moved to St. Louis, Missouri, and then to Bellville, St. Clair county, Illinois, and remained until 1841. Here John received a common school education, and from this place moved to Louisville, Kentucky, and in a short time the family moved to Clark county, Indiana, upon a farm, where John was employed in outdoor work. His next residence was in New Albany, Indiana, where he was engaged in hauling wood. In 1843 they resided in Jeffersonville, where Mr. Nicholson was engaged in guarding the prisoners who were at work upon the penitentiary. From here he went to Livonia, where he engaged in the manufacture of Windsor chairs, and in 1845 he took up bis residence in Salem, Indiana, where his father, brother-in-law and himself were engaged in chair manufacturing. He then moved to Columbus, Indiana, where he occupied himself in house, sign and portrait painting. March' 10, 1847, he reached Franklin, Johnson count}', where he resided many years, engaged in painting and in the cultivation of fruits, at which he made a signal success producing fruits of rare quality and beauty. In January, 1849, he moved to Durharnville, Tennessee, and engaged in chair manufacturing and painting. In May, 1850, he returned to Franklin, and in February, 1851, learned daguerreotyping and thoroughly fitted himself for an artist's life. After the introduction of photography he spent some time in Cincinnati studying that branch of his life work, which has since occupied the greater portion of his time. In March, 1872, he moved to Kokomo, Indiana, and here lived until May 23, 1879, at which time he began his residence in Crawfordsville. He has a well furnished photograph gallery on Main street, from which much work of excellent character has come, to the satisfaction of numerous customers, and credit to himself. In 1853 he was married to Minerva Hicks, and they became the parents of three children: Eva, Mary, and Mabel. Eva attended Franklin College and became a proficient elocutionist, and to-day has a good reputation as a teacher, and is held in high esteem by members of the profession. After the death of his first wife he married Mary L. Davidson in 1861, and became the father of John Jr., Thomas, Nellie, and Bessie. Mr. Nicholson is an Odd-Fellow, joining at Franklin in 1861, and a member of the Knights of Pythias. He first united with the. Baptist church while in Tennessee, but in 1856 joined the Christian denomination at Franklin, Indiana, and has since been a faithful, energetic and consistent worker. His wife is a member of the same church. He is a republican aiid was one of its earliest supporters as an abolitionist. As an artist Mr. Nicholson is eminently successful, and his love for the ideal and beautiful prompts him to study his subject from a phrenological standpoint, enabling him to more fully develop those leading features in a person's character, thereby giving to his pictures more of a natural and life-like expression. He is a close observer of men and things, and finds great pleasure in his well filled library with his special favorites, mental philosophy, theology, poetry and art.

Charles F. Lucas, a prominent merchant of Crawfordsville, was born May 25, 1842, in Chambersburg, Fountain county, Indiana. His mother's people, Fielding Smith and wife, came from Pennsylvania to Fountain county, Indiana, in a very early day, and settled northwest of Chambersburg. Here his mother, Catharine (Smith) Lucas, was born, she being the first white female child born in Fountain county. His father, Joseph G. Lucas, was born February 14, 1803, in London, England. He came to America when eighteen years of age, and settled in Flat Hock, Indiana, and in an early day moved to Rob Roy, Fountain county, Indiana, bnt soon settled in Chambersburg, where he has lived for over forty years, and is now retired from, active life. He has been twice married, having had four children by his first and ten by his second wife: Lewis A., Susan C., William H., Charles F., Thomas N., Louisa C., Harriet A., Emma J., an infant dead and America (both deceased). Both parents are members of the United Brethren church. Charles F. Lucas experienced farm life during his first eighteen years, yet was part of this time in the store. In 1860 he began for himself in the dry-goods business in Chambersburg, in partnership with his father, continuing for seven years. He then changed his location to Russellville, Indiana, where he carried on business with Joseph 0. Rear, but shortly after he moved to Hillsboro,.where he remained for twelve years, and in 1879 settled in Crawfordsville, where, in part- ne,rship with his brothers, T. N. and W. H. Lucas, he carried on an extensive trade. W. II. Lucas retired from the firm in the fall of 1879, leaving C. F. owner of two-third interest in the business, and F. N. a one-third interest. They are also proprietors of a large grocery establishment in Crawfordsville. C. F. Lucas owns a store at Hillsboro. W. H. Lucas is owner of the Waynetown store,.so that the Lucas brothers, owning four stores, buy an immense quantity of goods annually, and, as a consequence, can undersell establishments of less capacity. The Boston store, opposite the postoffice, is a two- story brick 40x70, in which is carried about a $15,000 stock, with yearly sales of about $40,000, in millinery and dry goods. Mr. Lucas was married November 16, 1861, to Elizabeth Rynearson, daughter of Rynear and Catharine (Whitenack) Rynearson, of Fountain county. They have one child, Ephra A., living, and one, Frank E. (deceased). Both Mr. and Mrs. Lucas are members of the Christian church. He is solidly republican.

Dr. W. T. Gott, Crawfordsville, is a son of William and Ehoda A. (Swindler) Gott. His father was born in Shelby county, Kentucky, in 1806, and came to Montgomery county in 1829 and entered 160 acres of land in Scott township. In 1831 he was married, and on that farm Mr. and Mrs. Gott lived until 1861, and raised a family of ten children, five of whom, two sons and three daughters, are now living. In 1861 they retired from active labor and moved to Ladoga, where he died, December 20, 1877, and rests in the Ladoga cemetery. They had been successful farmers, adding to their first 160 acres until they owned a farm of 340 acres. Mr. Gott was a whig in- early times, but later became a democrat, in which party he was quite prominent, having been twice elected land appraiser. He was a man who took an active part in all progressive movements, such as gravel roads, etc. He was a man of strong conviction, acting from a sense of duty in important questions. He was firm and decisive, generally taking a leading part in public meetings. He was worshipful master in a Masonic lodge for some time. His father was a revolutionary soldier, and served as quartermaster under Gen. Greene. Mrs. Gott is still living, at the age of sixty-seven years. Her children living are: R. C. Gott, prominent in the democracy, and later a national and a successful farmer; Letitia, wife of Gassius M. Stone; Mary S., wife of Joseph N. Sidener; America, married to James U. Lofollett, and W. T., whose name appears at the head of this sketch. The last named son, like the rest, was raised on the farm. He attended the Ladoga Academy for some time, then began the study of medicine under Dr. William Hill, of Greencastle, with whom he remained two years, then entered the Mother Institution of Reformed Medicine at Cincinnati in 1877. Leaving the medical college, he settled for the practice of medicine in Atherton, Vigo county, Indiana, where he remained until April, 1880, when he removed to Crawfordsville. Here he formed the copartnership with Dr. J. N. Taylor, which firm still exists. Their office is in the Blue front. Mr. Gott is a member of the Christian church.

John Borradaile, proprietor of St. James Hotel, Crawfordsville, was born in Wayne county, New York, August 26, 1850. His father has kept eight different hotels, and is now keeping a fine hotel in St. Catharines, Ontario. His grandfather was the first sheriff in Wayne county, New York, and was a hotel-keeper. His mother's father was Maj. Hurd, of the revolutionary war. Mr. Borradaile graduated in the classical course of Sand Lake Collegiate Institute, New York. He then went into the hardware business, followed that seven years, and then went into the hotel-keeping with his father for five years, keeping hotel in Rochester, Charlotteville and St. Catharines. In March, 1880, he became proprietor of the St. James hotel, of which he has since been the successful landlord. He was married September 11, 1879, to Miss Dora S. Case, daughter of Charles E. Case, who was one of the contractors that built the Erie canal. Her grandfather was a relative of the Van Burens. Mr. Borradaile belongs to the Royal Arch Masons of Canada. He and his wife are both members of the Episcopal church.

Rev. James W. Harris, pastor Methodist Episcopal church, Crawfordsville, was born May 7, 1844, two and a half miles west of Terre Haute, in Vigo county, Indiana. His grandfather was in the revolutionary war. His father, Richard, was a native of Delaware. The subject of this sketch lived on the farm till he was sixteen years old, then attended the Classical Academy at Terre Haute until he enlisted, November 1, 1861, in Co. H, 2d Cav., 41st Ind. Vols. He went in as a private and in less than a year he was promoted first lieutenant of his company. He fought in the battles of Shiloh, around Corinth', Grallatin, and in various other engagements, culminated in the battle of Cbickamauga and Fair Garden. Pie was taken prisoner May 9, 1864, at Varnill Station, Georgia. He was a prisoner in Dalton, Macon, Savannah, Charleston, Camp Sorgum and Columbia. As he was being taken with others to Charlotte, he and Capt. W. C. Adams conceived the plan of escape by cutting through the bottom of the car with a saw made of a case knife. When the train stopped they made their exit. They were seven days in reaching the Union forces. When they started it was night and no moon or stars shining. They got lost and traveled the third night over the same road they did the first. They lived on corn part of the time and traveled through swamps and woods, enduring hardships and running many narrow escapes, until they at last found refuge under the flag of freedom. Mr. Harris was in the army three years four months and twenty-one days, nine months and four days of which he was a prisoner. In 1870 he entered the ministry, and began preaching in the northern part of the state in Porter county, and has preached at Chesterton, Argus, Terre Haute, Covington, and in September, 1880, became pastor of the Methodist church in Craw- fordsville. In 1874 he entered Asbury University and graduated in the classical course in 1878. He was married in 1868, to Miss J. A.Goodman, daughter of Rev. W.W.Goodman, of Vigo county. She was a member of the Congregational church and died in 1870. Mr. Harris is a member of the Masonic order, the Knights of Pythias, the A.O.U.W., and chaplain of the Grand Army of the Republic, department of Indiana. He is a diligent student, studies in the forenoons and devotes the afternoons to pastoral work. The subject matter of his sermons is metaphysical, logical and scriptural. He presents the truth in an earnest, forcible manner that carries conviction to the hearts of his hearers.

Source : History of Montgomery County, together with historic notes on the Wabash Valley By Hiram Williams Beckwith, P. S. Kennedy, Davidson, Thomas Fleming