CHARLES T. ADDISON, who has been prominently identified with the agricultural life of Posey township for years, was born in Hancock county, Indiana, on February 19, 1879, and is a son of Thomas J. and Elizabeth M. (Cathon) Addison, the former a native of Shelby county, Indiana, and the latter born and reared in Rush county. Thomas J. Addison was a farmer by vocation throughout his active life, mostly confining his operations to Hancock county, though he was the owner of 327 acres of land in Shelby, Rush and Hancock counties. To him and his wife were born five children, all of whom are living, namely: William A., Delphina, Orlando F., Charles T. and Ruth A. Charles T. Addison received his education in Rush county, attending the Clark school. He remained at home, assisting his father in the farm work, until his marriage, when he rented a tract of land from his father and began work on his own account. At the time of his father's death, the subject inherited forty acres of land and he also bought fifty-two acres, giving him a total of ninety two acres, all located in Posey township, and to the cultivation of this land he has since devoted his attention, meeting with splendid success. He is progressive and up-to-date in his methods, keeping the place in good repair, and carries on a diversified system of farming, raising the crops common to this locality. He also gives some attention to live stock, raising and marketing about 150 head of hogs annually. On December 12, 1900, Mr. Addison was married to Beulah D. Collins, a native of Rush county, and the daughter of Eli and Nannie May (Beckner) Collins, and to their union have been born three children, Delphina M., Mary M. and Eli F., all of whom are attending the public school at Arlington. Mr. and Mrs. Addison are earnest members of the Friends church at Riverside. Politically, Mr. Addison gives his support to the Democratic party. He takes a keen interest in public affairs and gives his support to every movement for the advancement of the general welfare.

J. M. AMOS was born on the farm upon which he now lives in Noble township, March 4, 1854, and has ever maintained the standards there set in their respective generations by his father and his grandfather, thus projecting the usefulness of his family into a later and more progressive period. Mr. Amos is a grandson of Joseph J. Amos, who came to Rush county about 1822 and entered land near where Milroy came to be located, proved up on it and then returned to his native Kentucky, where he engaged in the mercantile business at Ruddles Mills. A strong anti-slavery man, in 1842 he decided to leave a community which countenanced the purchase and sale of human beings, and accordingly returned to Indiana and settled in Rush county, purchasing the farm in Noble township that is now the property of his grandson, on which he lived until his death in 1890, when he was eighty-six years of age. Through business ability, wise investment and a shrewd appreciation of values, he became one of the leading landholders in the county, and at one time owned 2,200 acres. A man of education, he gave thought and study to the serious things of life, and was one of the active members and liberal supporters of the Methodist Protestant church, and assisted to build several houses of worship of that denomination in this community. He was likewise a great friend of education and endowed a chair at Adrian (Mich.) Normal School, for $22,500. Mr. Amos was the father of four children: Johanan, Van Buren, Aeretta and Mary. J. Amos, father of J M. Amos, was about fifteen years of age when brought from his native Bourbon county, Kentucky, to Rush county, in 1842, and here he completed his schooling in the district schools. As a young man he engaged in farming, but was more interested in trading and gradually developed into one of the leading traders in mules in the county, particularly during the Civil war. With a promising career before him, he was called by death when still a comparatively young man, in his thirty-seventh year, January 16, 1864. Mr. Amos married Amanda Hildreth, also a native of Bourbon county, Kentucky, and they became the parents of five children: Iaffard Kossuth, Johanan Mazzini, Willard Hildreth, Anna Rebecca and Joseph J. J. M. Amos received his education in the district schools of Noble township, after leaving which he took up farming on the home place, where he has always resided and operated as a general farmer and grower of live stock. He is now the owner of 606 acres, in Rushville and Noble townships, the improvements on which are all of his own building. He and his son, William, who is his associate, feed about 700 hogs annually, and raise about 200 acres of corn and 175 acres of wheat. His modern improvements include three sets of buildings and the latest and most highly approved machinery of every kind. During the heyday of horseracing in this country, Mr. Amos gained much more than a local reputation as a breeder of fast horses, and bred and owned thirty horses that had a record of better than 2:30. Among these was "Legal Tender," a pacer, 2:27, and sire of "Alhambra," 2:08y4, the fastest horse ever bred in Rush county, which paced a quarter of a mile in 27 seconds. Mr. Amos is one of the liberalminded and progressive men of his community, has various other interests aside from his farm, and is a director of the Co-operative Telephone Company, of Rushville, and of the Rushville National Bank. He is a Republican, and a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He has always demonstrated his willingness to discharge the duties of good citizenship and for three years served in the capacity of county ditch commissioner. On December 23, 1873, Mr. Amos married Estella J. Poston, daughter of George W. and Nancy (McNeal) Poston, and to this union there have beeu born five children: William M., who married Mildred Moore and has four children, Elizabeth, Anna Louise, Robert and Margaret; Ethel, who married George Nicoll and has two children, David Amos and William; Luella, who married Albert Capp and has two children, Ellen and Fred; Georgia, who married George Donley, and Clorine, who married J. Kennard Allen.

WILLARD H. AMOS, a prosperous farmer and stock raiser of Rushville township, was born in that township on February 26, 1856, a son of Johanan J. and Amanda (Hildreth) Amos. J. J. Amos was born in Bourbon county, Kentucky, September 30, 1803, the fourth child of Nicholas and Ann (Jones) Amos, natives of Maryland. In 1823, he came to Rush county to live with his uncle, Abraham Jones, but returned to Kentucky, not returning to Rush county until 1839, when he located on a farm near New Salem, and became very successful as a farmer, at one time owning 2,000 acres of land. Williard H. Amos was reared on his father's farm, receiving his schooling in the schools of Noble township. He then engaged in farming operations on the home farm until his marriage when he went into business for himself on a farm of seventy acres. Since that time he has rapidly increased his holdings until he now owns 350 acres in the county. In 1900 he moved to Rushville and has conducted his various enterprises from that city since that time. He married on October 22, 1879, Ann Elizabeth Poston, a daughter of Qeorge W. and Nancy (McNeal) Poston, of Noble township, and to their union there has been born one child, Mary, the wife of Luke Duffy. In fraternal circles Mr. Amos is a well known member of the Masons and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and politically he aligns himself with the Republican party, in the councils of which he has long been regarded as a leader and for six years rendered public service as a member of the board of county commissioners from his district.

JOHN W. ANDERSON, better known throughout this region as "Trim" Anderson, one of the substantial agriculturists of Anderson township, but whose operations as a general farmer, feeder of stock and large landowner cover an area extending into Decatur county, was born on a farm in Richland township, Rush county, September 29, 1869, a son of John Samuel and Priscilla (Hopkins) Anderson, the former a native of Decatur county and the latter of Kingston, this state. John Samuel Anderson, received only limited educational advantages, but was a youth of ambition and industry, and when still young in years became the owner of an extensive property, in both Decatur and Rush counties. He moved to the latter county shortly before his death, which occurred when he was yet a young man, in 1869, his widow surviving him only one year. They had two children: John W., and a child who died in infancy. John W. Anderson was an infant when left an orphan by the death of his mother, and at that time was taken into the home of his uncle, James W. Anderson, who furnished him with a public school education. When he laid aside his school books he began farming with his uncle, whose associate he was until the time of his marriage. He then moved to the property on which he now lives in Anderson township, his home being situated on R. F. D. No. 1 out of Milroy. Mr. Anderson is now farming about 600 acres of the home place, and is the owner of about 1,700 acres of land in Rush and Decatur counties. All of his property has received the benefit of his inclination toward improvements of a modern character, and the general prosperity which surrounds his farms is demonstrative evidence of the presence of able and energetic management. As an operator in live stock, Mr. Anderson feeds out about 120 head of cattle each year and in the neighborhood of 1,000 hogs. Politically he adheres to the principles of the Republican party and has always supported its candidates. He is a faithful member of the Methodist Episcopal church at Milroy and is a member of the board of trustees of the same. On February 14, 1895, John W. Anderson married May Davis, daughter of Samuel H. and Mary E. Davis, and to this union have been born five children: Lois, Leland, Alice, Marjorie and John Samuel, all unmarried and living with their parents. Mr. Anderson is justly accounted one of the substantial men of his community, and a citizen who has kept thoroughly informed as to current events and faithfully discharged all the duties pertaining to an enlightened citizenship.

OSCAR APPLEGATE, a well-known farmer and stock raiser of Noble township, is numbered among the substantial citizens of his section of the county. Mr. Applegate was born on November 27, 1852, on the farm where he now lives, and he is a son of John and Ann (Kerr) Applegate, the former a native of Ohio and the latter of Fayette county, Indiana. John Applegate was brought by his parents to Fayette county, Indiana, in his boyhood and there he remained until 1845, when he came to Rush county, locating on the farm now occupied by the subject of this sketch. Here, in addition to farming the land, he followed his trade, that of a wagon, buggy and carriage maker, in which he won considerable renown for the high quality of his work. In 1855 he won a silver cup at Louisville, Ky., for building the finest carriage that was exhibited there that year. He died in 1870 and was survived many years by his widow, whose death occurred in 1894. They were the parents of two children, Oscar and Rhoda. Oscar Applegate received his education in the common schools of Noble township, and after completing his studies he remained on his father's farm and, after the death of the latter, he acquired title to the place and has continued to reside there to the present time. The farm comprises 227 acres, all in one body, and here Mr. Applegate has been engaged in general farming and stock raising. He puts about forty acres to corn, the same amount to small grains and also gives some of the land over to pasturage, keeping a herd of fifty sheep the year round. He also feeds from fifty to sixty head of sheep annually. In 1882 Mr. Applegate was married to Nan Blacklidge, the daughter of Martin and Augusta Blacklidge, and they have become the parents of four children, namely: Arnest, who married Hazel Murphy; Rhoda, who became the wife of Clarence Kinner and they have one child, Marcellus: Arthur and Charles are deceased. Politically, Mr. Applegate gives earnest support to the Republican party. Personally, he is a man of many splendid qualities of character and is deservedly popular in his community.

JAMES W. ARBUCKLE, one of the leading business men of Homer, this county, where he is engaged in the manufacture of tile, has spent practically his entire life in this community where he stands high in the confidence of the residents. He was born in Orange township, Rush county, February 23, 1867, a son of Nathan and Martha (Lawrence) Arbuckle, natives of Rush county, where the father followed farming and tile making all of his life. There were three children born to the parents, all of whom survive: Fred, Ida and James W. James W. Arbuckle obtained his early education in the public schools of Walker township, following which he took a preparatory course in a school connected with DePauw University. He next attended the university, and graduated therefrom in 1892. Mr. Arbuckle not only made a good record as a student, but was prominently known in college athletics, being a member of the football and baseball varsity teams in 1891 and 1892. On leaving college he came to Homer and was employed by his father for several months, following which he went to Windfall, Ind., and becames superintendent of a drain tile factory of that place. After one year he returned to Homer and began teaching school, and after one year was made principal, a position which he retained two years more. He then rejoined his father in the manufacture of drain tile at Homer, which has a capacity of one carload of tile per day, in the production of which four kilns are used and employment is given to twelve persons. In 1908 Mr. Arbuckle and his father built a tile factory at Williamstown, on the southern border of the county, which is operated under the same management. The business is now a flourishing one, and Mr. Arbuckle is numbered among the substantial men of his commmunity, being likewise known as a man of sound business judgment and keen foresight. He is a member of the Masonic lodge at Manilla, a thirty-second degree Mason and Shriner, and holds membership also in the lodges of the Improved Order of Red Men and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, at Homer; and Elks Lodge, No. 1307, of Rushville. With his family, he belongs to the Homer Baptist church. His political support is given to the Democratic party. On April 7, 1892, Mr. Arbuckle was united in marriage to Julia Robertson, who was born and educated at Homer, daughter of James T. and Delilah (Cassady) Robertson. Mr. and Mrs. Arbuckle have one daughter: Ruth, born in March, 1894, a graduate of Shortridge high school, Indianapolis, now the wife of Harry M. Carr, of Indianapolis, with two children, Virginia R. and William H.

CLATA L. BEBOUT, former sheriff of Rush county, former mayor of the city of Rushville, at one time postmaster at Manilla, for many years actively identified with the general civic affairs of the county, at one time chairman of the county Republican central committee and now and for some years past engaged in the drycleaning business at Rushville, is a native son of Rush county and has lived here all his life. He was born in Rushville township on April 8, 1872, son of James H. and Mary E. (Lowden) Bebout, both of whom are still living. James H. Bebout also was born in Rushville township and there grew to manhood. After his marriage he became engaged in farming but not long afterward turned his attention to carpentering at Manilla and was thus engaged as a building contractor until his retirement from business in 1920. Clata L. Bebout received his schooling in the schools of Walker township and from the days of his youth evinced an active interest in public affairs. For three years he served as postmaster at Manilla and later and for some time was engaged on the local section of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company's line at Manilla. In 1900 he served as census enumerator for Walker township. In the meantime he had become engaged in the carpentering business and for sixteen years followed that vocation. In 1908 Mr. Bebout was elected sheriff of Rush county and has since then made his home in Rushville. He was re-elected to the office of sheriff, thus serving two terms, and in 1913 was elected mayor of the city and for four years held that office. In September of that same year Mr. Bebout organized the company of Ball & Bebout, dry-cleaners and pressers, in Rushville, and is still engaged in that business, having a well-equipped plant for carrying on the company's operations. Years ago Mr. Bebout became engaged in the fire insurance business and still maintains a local agency in that behalf. He is a Republican and for years has been recognized as among the leaders of that party in this county, for some time having served as chairman of the county committee. In 1892 Clata L. Bebout was united in marriage to Katherine Heifner, who also was born in this county, daughter of John and Alice Heifner, the former of whom is a retired farmer of Walker township, and to this union two children have been born, Dr. Verl A. Bebout and Gladys K., wife of Edwin H. Hughes, Jr., of Boston, Mass., now residing at Tulsa, Okla. Mrs. Hughes completed her schooling at DePauw University and Dr. Verl A. Bebout was graduated from the Indiana Dental College at Indianapolis. He married Ruth Aldridge, who also was born in this county, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Albert L. Aldridge, of Rushville, and has one child, a son, Stewart A., born in 1916. Mr. Bebout is a member of the Baptist church at Homer, and his wife of the Methodist Episcopal church at Rushville. Mr. Bebout is a Mason and a member of the local lodge of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks at Rushville, and of the-Tall Cedars of Lebanon, the Modern Woodmen and the Royal'Neighbors at Manilla.

CHARLES BENNING, a retired farmer of this county, now living at Milroy, where he has quite a snug piece of property adjoining his home, was born in the neighboring county of Franklin but has been a resident of Rush county since he was twenty years of age, and thus, of course, has long felt "perfectly at home" here. He was born on January 14, 1864, son of Charles and Catherine (Brinkman) Benning, both of whom were born in Germany but who had come to this country with their respective parents in the days of their childhood, both the Benning and the Brinkman families coming out into Indiana and settling in Franklin county where they established their permanent homes and where both families are still represented. The senior Charles Benning grew to manhood on a farm in Franklin county and after his marriage to Catherine Brinkman became, engaged in farming on his own account and in time became the owner of a fine farm of 160 acres on which he spent his last days. He and his wife were the parents of eight children, of whom three are still living, the subject of this sketch having a brother, John, and a sister, Catherine. Reared on the home farm in Franklin county, Charles Benning, Jr., received his schooling in the schools of his home neighborhood and was from boyhood trained to the ways of the farm. In 1884 he came over into Rush county and was here engaged in farm work until his marriage in 1892 when he rented a farm in Orange township and began operations '' on his own.'' For fifteen years he continued as a renter and then bought a small tract of fifteen acres, to which in the same year he added an adjoining tract of sixty acres, and continued to farm there for several years, at the end of which time he sold that place and a year later bought a farm of forty-nine acres in Rushville township, on which latter place he continued to make his home until he sold it and in 1919 moved to Milroy, where he bought a home and eight lots adjacent, thus giving him ample garden space, and has since resided there, he and his wife being fixed very comfortably. They are members of the Methodist church and have ever taken an interested part in church work. Mr. Benning is a Democrat, but has never taken a particularly active part in political affairs. It was on August 18, 1892, that Charles Benning was united in marriage to Ella Campbell, who was born in the adjoining county of Shelby, daughter of William and Sarah (Land) Campbell, both of whom were born in Jefferson county, this state. members of pioneer families there. William Campbell and his wife moved from Jefferson to Shelby county shortly after their marriage and located on a farm, where Mr. Campbell continued engaged in farming until after his wife's death when he sold his farm and returned to Jefferson county. They were the parents of seven children, those besides Mrs. Benning being John, William, Morton, Robert, Ida and Bertha.

WALTER BITNER, an influential farmer and representative citizen of Center township, was born in Howard county, Indiana, on the third day of October, 1873, and is a son of Benjamin F. and Charity (Rich) Bitner. Both of these parents were natives of Rush county, the father having been born on February 9, 1839, and the mother on November 5, 1836, and their marriage occurred, on February 5, 1860. Mr. Bitner was a farmer through all his active life, being the owner of 326 acres of good land in Center township, this county. Of the eight children born to him and his wife, seven are living, namely: Albert, Mary C., Minerva, Ida I., Walter, Leroy and Lucinda. The subject of this sketch was reared under the parental roof and secured a good common school education, having attended the Mays school. He early became his father's assistant in the work of the home farm and remained with him until his marriage. After that event he began farming on his own account and for seven years he operated rented land, renting from his father for six years and one year from Bert Cohee. He then purchased eighty-nine acres of the home farm, where he now lives, and he has here established as complete and attractive home as can be found in the vicinity. He erected a new house, barn and other buildings and has kept everything in the best of repair, and all of the conveniences about the premises are of the most modern type, the house containing bathroom, hot and cold running water, and other desirable features. Mr. Bitner has also a supply of natural gas on his place. He carries on general farming operations and raises all the live stock the farm will support. On October 12, 1898, Mr. Bitner was married to Eva J. Foust, a native of Ripley township, and the daughter of Carl and Mary J. (Brandenburg) Foust. Five children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Foust, of whom three are living, Lora, Charles W. and Eva J. (Mrs. Bitner). James A. died at the age of thirteen years and Mrs. Ida A. Gilson died at the age of twenty-eight years. Politically, Mr. Bitner is a Democrat and he takes an intelligent interest in the trend of public events, giving his support to every movement for the advancement of the general welfare. He is a member of Raleigh Lodge, No. 640, F. & A. M., at present (1921) the senior warden of the lodge.

WILLIAM M. BOSLEY, proprietor of the grain elevator at Milroy and who also is engaged in the coal and seed business at that place, a progressive and well known business man of this county, was born at Milroy and has lived there all his life. For ten years he was a member of Rush county's excellent teaching staff and then took up work at the elevator, presently buying the same and for nearly twenty years past has been proprietor of the plant, the business of which during that time he has greatly enlarged. Mr. Bosley was born on July 17, 1873, son of Samuel H. and Nora (Smith) Bosley, both of whom spent their last days here, the latter dying in 1911 and the former in 1918. Samuel H. Bosley was born in Anderson township, son of Elijah Bosley, a Kentuckian, who had come to this county and settled in the Milroy neighborhood in the early days. Some time after coming here Elijah Bosley moved up into Boone county but did not remain long there, presently returning to this county and locating at Williamstown, where for many years he was engaged in the general merchandise business. Samuel H. Bosley was reared in Anderson township, received his schooling there and as a young man became engaged as a carpenter and wagon maker, which trade he followed all his active life. When the Civil war broke out he enlisted his services in behalf of the Union and went to the front as a member of K Company, Fifty-fourth regiment. Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and upon the expiration of that term of enlistment re-enlisted and returned to the front as a member of E Company, One Hundred and Twenty-third regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry, serving about three years, and was thus with '' Pap'' Thomas on that general's memorable campaign South and took part in the battle of Atlanta. Upon the completion of his military service Samuel H. Bosley returned to his home in this county, resumed his activities as a builder at Milroy and here spent the remainder of his life, a well known and useful citizen. He and his wife were th'? parents of five children, of whom the subject of this sketch was the second in order of birth, the others being as follows: Frances, wife of W. 0. Fishback; George C., of Richmond; Maude, wife of L. E. Berner, and Nell, wife of J. L. Parsons. William M. Bosley was reared at Milroy and received his schooling in the excellent schools of that place. He prepared himself for teaching and for ten years was occupied during the winters as a teacher in the schools of this county. In the meantime during the summers he had been more or less engaged about the elevator at Milroy and in 1903 bought the elevator, which he ever since has been operating and which he has enlarged in every way. The Milroy elevator has a capacity of 15,000 bushels and is the center of the grain trade of a considerable area about Milroy. Mr. Bosley also does quite an extensive business in coal and seeds and has for years been recognized as one of the leading business men of that part of Rush county. In 1899 William M. Bosley was united in marriage to Laura Bowling, daughter of Hiram and Alzina Bowling, and to this union two children have been born, William, who died in 1914, at the age of six years, and Catherine, horn in December 2, 1906. Mr. and Mrs. Bosley are members of the Christian church and take an active interest in church work, Mr. Bosley having been an office bearer in the church since 1896 and an elder from 1898 to January, 1921. In his political views Mr. Bosley is a life-long Republican, and takes a proper part in local civic affairs. He is a York-Rite Mason, a member of the Milroy blue lodge, and of the commandery, Knights Templar, at Rushville, and is also a noble of the Ancient Arabic Order, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, affiliated with Murat Temple, Indianapolis. He also is a member of the local lodge of the Knights of Pythias at Milroy and in the affairs of these several orders takes a warm fraternal interest.

HORRIE BROOKS, a well known agriculturist, of Noble township, is occupying the same property which was the scene of his birth. Mr. Brooks, however, has not spent his entire life on this farm, as his career has been a somewhat varied one and his experiences have taken him to various parts of the state. He was born on June 10, 1874, a son of James and Frances (Stevens) Brooks. James Brooks was born in Adams county, Ohio, where he grew to manhood and during the Civil war enlisted in the Sixty-second regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry. At the close of that struggle he migrated to Indiana and engaged in farming in Noble township, this county, on the farm a part of which is now owned by his son. After spending a number of years in this locality he removed to Union township, where he rented a farm, and there continued his operations until he retired from active life, since when he has lived quietly at Rushville. Mr. Brooks married Frances Stevens, who was born in Rush county, a daughter of A. J. and Mary (Gregg) Stevens, natives of Noble township and members of early families of this locality. This is said to be the oldest homestead in Noble township, the land having been entered by John Gregg, who came hither from Bracken county, Kentucky, as early as 1821, and entered a large tract of land, to which he added from time to time, at his death being the possessor of 1,300 acres, which he devoted to general farming and the raising of live stock. On this land, in 1826, he erected the old home that is still standing, in which was born Mary (Gregg) Stevens, the maternal grandmother of Horrie Brooks, and in which Mr. Brooks, who was also born here, now lives. Three children were born to James and Fiances Brooks, Horrie, Charles and one who died in infancy. Horrie Brooks received his education in the public schools of Noble and Union townships, and upon leaving school took up farming. Later he became interested in racing horses and for a time operated a tracing stable and entered his horses in various meets all over the state, the star of his performers being "John D.", with a record of 2:041/4. Later he trained race horses at Rushville and for six years had charge of a stock farm and racing barn at Clinton, Indiana. About 1916 Mr. Brooks retired from the racing game and returned to the more prosaic business of farming, after three years spent at Indianapolis. He is the owner of a property consisting of fifty acres, and is renting sufficient land to make his operations cover activities on 100 acres, which he is devoting to general farming and stock raising. He is capable, energetic and entirely trustworthy and therefore forms a useful and honorable factor in the life of his community. Mr. Brooks was united in marriage in 1905 to Mrs. Ella N. (Templeton) Shaw, daughter of James W. and Frances (Stout) Templeton. They have no children. Mrs. Brooks was born in Shelby county, Indiana. Her father was born in Franklin county and her mother in Decatur county, this state. After their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Templeton resided for a time in Shelby county, but later removed to Decatur county, where Mr. Templeton died in 1901. His widow still survives him and is a resident of Indianapolis. They had five children: Flora, Mrs. Brooks, Harry, Grace and Elizabeth. Mr. and Mrs. Brooks are members of the Christian church at Rushville. In politics he is a stalwart supporter of the Republican party.

JAMES A. BROWN, a substantial retired farmer of Anderson township, now living at Milroy, is a Kentuckian by birth, but has been a resident of Rush county since he was twelve years old, and thus very properly feels that he "belongs" here quite as much as though "native and to the manner born." He was born on a farm in Bath county, Kentucky, August 3, 1854, son of Abraham and Elizabeth (Hencey) Brown, both of whom were born in Nicholas county, Kentucky, members of pioneer families in that part of that state. In 1864 Abraham Brown left Kentucky with his .family and moved across the river into Clermont county, Ohio, where he made his home for two years, at the end of which time he came with his family over into Indiana and located in this county, first renting a farm in Walker township, but presently moving to Rushville township where not long afterward he died, his death occuring in 1870. His widow survived him and kept the family of children together on the farm. There were five of these children, two of whom are still living, the subject of this sketch having a brother, Samuel Brown. As noted above James A. Brown was but a boy when he came to Rush county with his parents and his schooling was completed here. This schooling, however, was confined to brief terms of two or three months a year. He was but sixteen years of age when his father died and he thus early assumed mature responsibilities, helping to carry on the farm operations in his mother's behalf until he was twenty-one when he rented a piece of land and began operations on his own account. He married at the age of twenty-three and then established a home on his rented farm and continued there until 1890, when he moved onto an "eighty" of timber land which belonged to his'wife and proceeded to clear and develop the same. He cleared the place, got it under cultivation and as his affairs prospered added an adjoining "eighty" and now has a well improved farm of 160 acres. On that place he continued his active labors until his retirement and removal to Milroy, where he and his family are very comfortably situated. Despite his "retirement" Mr. Brown continues to take an active interest in his farm and keeps a pretty close supervisory eye on operations there. It was in 1877 that James A. Brown was united in marriage to Carrie Lowden, who was born in this county, daughter of George and Mary Jane (Plough) Lowden, and to this union five children have been born, namely: Lola, who married Clair Johnson and has three children, Carl, Fay and Ruth; Leslie B., who married Myrtle Hasty and has two children, Lois and Donald; Jacob, who married Jessie Palmer and has three children, Wilma, Thelma and Weldon; Pearl, who married Charles Fisher and has one child, a daughter, Margaret; and Mary, who married Clifford Senior and has two children, Fred and Lester. Mr. and Mrs. Brown are members of the Methodist church at Richland and have for years taken an active interest in the work of the same, Mr. Brown formerly having served as a steward of the church and is now a member of the board of trustees of the same. In his political views he is a Republican and has always taken an interested part in local civic affairs. He has been a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows for more than forty years and has been "through the chairs" of the local lodge, in the affairs of which he has ever taken a warm interest.

WILLIAM J. BROWN, a substantial retired farmer of Orange township, this county, now living at Milroy, was born in the neighboring county of Shelby but has been a resident of Rush county for many years, having moved to this county and established his home not long after his marriage. He was born on a farm in Union township, Shelby county, August 30, 1850, son of William W. and Nancy (Linville) Brown, both of whom also were born in that county, members of pioneer families, and who spent their lives there. William W. Brown was the youngest of the nine children born to Robert and Catherine (Cotton) Brown, who were among the pioneer settlers of Union township, Shelby county. Robert Brown in his day was known far and wide as a mighty hunter. He cleared the land on which he settled and effectually "blazed the way" for succeeding generations of the family on that place and as his nine children mostly married and reared families of their own the Brown family of that connection in this region is no inconsiderable one in the present generation. William W. Brown established his home in that section after his marriage and became the owner of an excellent farm of 110 acres which he improved and on which he spent his last days. He and his wife were the parents of five children, four of whom are still living, those besides the subject of this sketch being Franklin P., David E. and Electa, wife of John Linville. Reared on the home farm in Shelby county, William J. Brown became a farmer on his own account and after his marriage at the age of twenty years established his home as a renter in his home county, but presently came over into Rush county and for twenty-seven years thereafter made his home on a rented farm in Orange township. He then bought a farm of eighty acres in that township but some time afterward sold that place and bought the farm of 110 acres which he still owns there and on which he made his home until his retirement from the farm and removal in 1904 to Milroy, where he is now living and where he and his family are very comfortably situated. Mr. Brown is a Democrat and has ever given a proper degree of attention to local civic affairs, but has not been a seeker after office. He and his wife are members of the Christian church and have for years been interested in the work of the same as well as in all neighborhood good works. It was in 1870 that William J. Brown was united in marriage to Missouri F. Hume, daughter of Benjamin Hume, a member of one of the old families of Rush county, and to this union four children have been born, Wilbur C., Harvey F., Stella and Clarence, all of whom are still living and the first two named of whom are grandfathers in their own right, thus giving their parents the distinction of being great-grandparents. Wilbur C. Brown married Myrtle Paulus and has two daughters, Mary, wife of Earl Harcourt, who has one child, a son, Robert Lincoln, and Carrie, wife of Clifford Harcourt. Harvey F. Brown married Rena Paulus and has one child, a daughter, Marie, who married Glenn E. Foster, assistant cashier of the Peoples National Bank of Rushville, and has one child, a son, Charles. Stella Brown married Owen Harcourt, who died leaving her with one child, a daughter, Cannie, who married William Ward. Mrs. Harcourt later married Edward Barlow. Clarence Brown, the unmarried son, is the cashier of the Milroy State Bank and has long been looked upon as one of the progressive and enterprising business men of that part of the county, ever interested in movements having to do with the advancement of the commercial and industrial activities of his home neighborhood, and, as his friends say of him, is "a mighty fine fellow," which every one must allow.

CHARLES G. CARNEY, one of the substantial farmers of Noble township and a worthy representative of one of the highly honored families of this county, is a native of this locality, having been born in Rushville on July 26, 1881, and is the son of H. S. and Eva G. (Downey) Carney, the former a native of Ripley county, Indiana, and the latter born and reared in Noble township, this county. H. S. Carney was brought by his parents to Rush county in his young boyhood, and was here reared and educated, and here he and his wife spent their lives, the mother dying on October 30, 1920. Mr. Carney was a veteran of the Civil war, having served his country for four years as a member of the Fifty-second regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry. They became the parents of three children, those besides the subject of this sketch being Harriet, Ellen and Zora. Charles G. Carney received a good practical education in the common schools of Noble township, and after the completion of his studies he remained with his father on the home farm until his marriage, when he began farming on his own account on the place where he now lives. At the same time he rented 115 acres of land from his father, and has increased this until at present he is farming about 300 acres. Energetic, discriminating and of sound judgment, Mr. Carney has proven himself a man of more than ordinary caliber and is numbered among the successful farmers of Noble township. He keeps his place well improved and attractive and its general appearance reflects great credit on him. He puts in about 120 acres to corn and practically the same amount to small grain, and also gives some attention to live stock, feeding out about 100 head of hogs a year. In 1902 Mr. Carney was married to Grace Wilson, the daughter of Edward and Florence Wilson, and they are the parents of three children: Dwight W., Florence G. and H. S., Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Carney are active members of the Little Flat Rock Christiau Church. Fraternally, Mr. Carney is a member of the Free and Accepted Masons, while his political affiliations are with the Republicans. A man of strong and forceful individuality, Mr. Carney has stood at all times for the best interests of his community and enjoys the respect and confidence of the entire community.

GOLDIA CARR, who is engaged in the garage and transfer business at Milroy, one of the best known business men in that part of the county, was born in Rush county and has lived here all his life with the exception of a period of about three years when, shortly after his marriage, he was a resident of the neighboring county of Decatur. He was born on a farm in Rushville township on July 28, 1884, son of Leander and Callie (Parson) Carr, the former of whom also was born in this county, a member of one of the old families of the county, and both of whom are still living. Leander Carr is a son of George Carr, a Pennsylvanian, who established his home in this county many years ago and became a substantial farmer. Reared in this county, Leander Carr became engaged in farming on his own account after his marriage to Callie Parson, who was born in Wabash county, this state, and has continued farming, now the owner of a well kept farm of eighty acres in Anderson township. To him and his wife, four children have been born, two of them are living, the subject of this sketch and Urmston Carr. Reared on the farm, Goldia Carr received his schooling in the schools of Anderson township. After his marriage he bought a small farm in Decatur county and was there engaged in farming for about three years, at the end of which time he returned to this county and rented a farm in Anderson township. A year later he moved to Milroy and was for five years thereafter engaged in the garage of Logan Parson. He then started a garage of his own in a building 20 by 40 feet, giving special attention to repair work, and his business grew so rapidly that in the following year he found it necessary to seek larger quarters. He then moved into the old Mercer livery barn, a building 41 by 87, remodeled the same to suit his needs and has ever since been engaged in business at that location, doing a general garage, repair and transfer business. Mr. Carr started with one truck and now has five trucks and employs eight men in his business. Goldia Carr has been twice married. In 1905 he was united in marriage to Lena Fidler, who died in 1913, leaving one child, a son, Leonard. In 1917 Mr. Carr married Bertha Ray, daughter of Louis Ray, and to this union one child has been born, a daughter, Thelma. Mr. and Mrs. Carr are members of the Christian church and take a proper interest in the work of the same. In his political views Mr. Carr is a Republican. Fraternally, he is affiliated with the local lodges of the Masons, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Modern Woodmen of America and the Knights of Pythias, and in the affairs of these several organizations takes an active interest. ships, where he does a general farming and stock raising business, feeding out from fifty to 100 head of hogs per year. In 1881 Mr. Newhouse was married to Maggie Mauzy, a daughter of Peter and Jane (Wilson) Mauzy, and they are the parents of one child, a son, Charles L., who married Anna Caldwell. In his fraternal affiliations Mr. Newhouse is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Masons. Politically he is one of the leading Republicans in the district, and in 1914 his services to the party and his exceptional managerial ability were rewarded by his election to the office of county commissioner of Rush county, in which capacity he served two terms, his term of service expiring on December 31, 1920.

FRED E. CATT, one of the best known farmers and most successful veterinary surgeons of western Rush county, a resident of Posey township, is a native son of Rush county, having been born in Center township on August 23, 1879, and is the son of Harvey and Abbie (Henley) Catt, the former a native of Hancock county, Indiana, and the latter of Rush county. They were the parents of five children, of whom those now living are Frank, Fred E., Walter many years of agricultural activity, Mr. Bishop became the owner of 219 acres in the home place, 180 acres of this being in Union township and thirty-nine acres in Jackson township, and another farm of sixty acres in Union township. In addition to general farming, Mr. Bishop was very successful in growing stock, raising cattle, hogs and sheej) quite extensively. On March 3, 1868, Josiah Bishop married Mary E. Cline, who was born in Jackson township, this county, daughter of Conrad and Sarah J. (Smith) Cline. The father of Mrs. Bishop came alone from Kentucky to Rush county, while the mother was brought here from the same state by her parents. Mr. Cline owned a farm of 161 acres in Jackson township. Of his four children three are living, Lewis J., Rachel and Mary E. Mr. and Mrs. Bishop have had six children, as follows: Alma, who is the wife of Greeley P. Mauzy, of Rushville, a farmer of Jackson township, who had two children, Chase and Grace, by a former marriage; Woodson C., a farmer in Rushville township, who married Mary McGee; Thomas, a farmer in Union township, who married Cora Webb, and has three children, Laverne, Robert and Thomas; Estel C., an accountant residing at Indianapolis, who married Louise Ginn; Rice, who married Mary J. Gray and rents his father's land and very successfully operates it, and Rachel M. (deceased), who married Alonzo McGinn, also now deceased, as is also their only child, Alma, who was born on January 25, 1873, and died on June 18, 1917. Mr. Bishop has never cared for political office, although for many years a vigorous supporter of the principles of the Republican party. He is one of the older members of the Ben Davis Christian Church.

JESSE E. CREED, hardware merchant at Manilla, Ind., was born in Shelby county, Indiana, September 19, 1866, one of a family of nine children born to Smith and Laura (Henderson) Creed. The father was born in Shelby county and the mother in Rush county. Six of their children are living: Flora B., Lianna, Jesse E., John N., Theodore B. and Herman. Jesse E. Creed was reared on his father's farm of sixty acres in Shelby county and obtained a public school education in Liberty township. Instead of becoming a farmer like his father, he learned the blacksmith trade under his brother, the late William H. Creed, and followed the same for twenty-three years. About 1906 he embarked in the hardware business at Manilla, at his present location, and has built up a very satisfactory trade, handling farm implements as well as a full line of dependable hardware. On June 16, 1891, Mr. Creed married Martha M. Shook, who was born at Manilla, daughter of Joseph and Mary (Bell) Shook, who had a family of seven children, the following surviving: Robert M., Charles C, Amanda, Ida and Martha. Mr. Shook followed the shoemaking trade at Manilla. Mr. and Mrs. Creed had one child, who died in infancy. They are members of the Christian church at Manilla. In politics Mr. Creed is a Democrat and while residing in Walker township, he served four years in the office of assessor. He is a past noble grand of Homer Lodge, No. 471, Independent Order of Odd Fellows.

CHASE G. CROSS, one of the successful young farmers of Jackson township whose capable management of his own business interests and his sound judgment have brought him prosperity, was born in that township on September 18, 1892, the son of John F. and Olive (Powell) Cross, who are mentioned specifically elsewhere in this work in the sketch of John F. Cross. The subject was educated in the schools of Rushville and immediately after quitting his studies he began working with his father, for whom he worked until his marriage. He then engaged in farming on his own account, renting two hundred and forty acres of land from his father and he has continued successfully to follow the vocation of farming, meeting with pronounced success. Besides the cultivation of the soil, Mr. Cross gives considerable attention to the raising of live stock, raising about 400 hogs and a carload of cattle each year. He is up-to-date in his ideas and has demonstrated his efficiency and capability in no uncertain manner. On October 25, 1911, Mr. Cross was married to Jennie M. Osborn, who was born in Shelby county, Indiana, but who was reared and educated in Rushville township, this county, graduating from the Rushville high school in 1908. She is the daughter of Lucian B. and Harvina (Gruell) Osborn. To Mr. and Mrs. Cross have been born three children, Olive, Mary Ellen and Annabelle. The first named is now attending school at Henderson. Politically, Mr. Cross gives his support to the Democratic party. Genial and companionable in disposition and courteous in manner, Mr. Cross enjoys a marked degree of popularity among all with whom he associates.

SAMUEL E. COWAN, who died at his home in Noble township in the fall of 1911 while serving as a member of the county council of this county was a man of much public spirit and in his official capacity had rendered excellent service. Diligent in his own business he had a no less intelligent appreciation of the public business and his acts as a member of the county council were ever measured by his high sense of values as related to the general good of the commonwealth. Mr. Cowan was born in this county and here spent his life, a useful citizen and a faithful and intelligent public servant. He was born on a farm in Richland township on March 4, 1870, a son of John A. and Sarah E. (Meek) Cowan, the latter of whom was born in the neighboring county of Decatur and both of whom spent their last days in this county. John A. Cowan was born in Rush county, a member of one of the old families here, and all his life was spent in the county, a helpful force in the community in which he Ions* resided, southeast of Richland. He and his wife were the parents of five children, three of whom are still living, Anna, of Rushville: Inez, wife of Frank McCorkle, of Milroy, and William Cowan, of Indianapolis. Reared on the old Cowan home farm in Richland township, Samuel E. Cowan received his schooling in the excellent schools of that neighborhood and from the days of his boyhood was well trained in the ways of farming, a vocation he followed all his mature life. He remained at home, a valued assistant in the labors of his father's farm, until after his marriage when he rented a farm southwest of Richland and was there engaged in farming for several years, at the end of which time, in association with his father, he bought a farm of 175 acres in Noble township, proceeded to improve and develop the same and at the time of his death ten years later had an excellent farm and one of the best equipped farm plants in that part of the country. Mr. Cowan was a Republican and had from the days of his young manhood given his earnest attention to local public affairs, ever advocating movements promotive of better government, and at the time of his death had for some time been serving as a member of the county council, a position of responsibility requiring well poised judgment and a comprehensive knowledge of local conditions, and to the duties of that office had given his most thoughtful attention and consideration. Mr. Cowan's death occurred on September 9, 1911, he then being forty-one years of age—at a time generally regarded as the very prime of life, when the capacity for useful service is on the increase, and his early passing was widely mourned throughout the county, a good memory being had of him in the community in which his whole life was spent. It was in 1894 that Samuel E. Cowan was united in marriage to Mary Louise Nesbit, who was born in Decatur county, daughter of John and Maiy (McHargh) Nesbit, both of whom also were born in that county, members of pioneer families there. John Nesbit was a farmer and live stock buyer and was widely known throughout this section of the state by reason of his extensive live stock operations, his buying for the horse and mule markets particularly giving him a wide acquaintance among the farmers of the region. He and his wife were the parents of five children. Since the death of her husband Mrs. Cowan has made her home in Milroy and is looking after the operations of the farm which she owns and is directing in admirable fashion, and has made numerous improvements since the place has been under her direction. She is a member of the United Presbyterian church, as was her husband, and has ever taken an earnest and helpful interest in church work as well as in the general good works of her neighborhood.

H. E. DAUBENSPECK, one of those farmers of Rush county whose success is directly attributable to astute and careful management, conducts large farming operations in Union township from his home in Rushville. He was born on September 20, 1858, in Union township, the son of Harvey and Margaret (Hinchman) Daubenspeck, the former a native of Kentucky, the latter of Rush county. Harvey Daubenspeck came to this county on September 12, 1827, when two years of age, with his father Jacob, who entered and bought land in Union township, farming and trading throughout his entire life. He was an intensely religious man, was a preacher in the Christian church, and was one of the founders of Ben Davis Creek Church. At one time during his life he owned about 700 acres in this county and died full of honor and years at the advanced age of ninety-seven. Harvey Daubenspeck received his education in the public schools of the township, and grew to manhood on his father's farm. He then rented land from his father and began farming for himself, and in 1849 he bought 160 acres in Union township where he lived until' 1865. At that time he bought an additional 160 acres in the same section, to which he moved. Here he continued successfully, acquiring in all 510 acres, all in Union township, before death called him in 1918 at the age of ninety-two years. He was one of the most extensive stock raisers of the county, feeding out all his own grain and buying other, feeding out as an approximate average 200 head of hogs and from fifty to seventy-five of cattle. He and his wife were the parents of eleven children, nine of whom are now living, those besides the subject of this sketch being Emely, widow of O. M. Smith, who lives at the corner of Ninth and Harrison streets in Rushville; Elizabeth, now Mrs. Anthony Kline; Rebecca, now Mrs. James M. Smith, of Union township, this county; Jacob C., who lives in Idaho; Effie, now Mrs. A. C. Haskett, of Union township; Philip S., who is farming the home place in Union township; Iva, who is making her home with Mrs. A. C. Haskett, and Miles of Fayette county. H. E. Daubenspeck was educated in the schools at Glenwood and upon leaving school he farmed with his father until he was able to buy eighty acres from him. Since then he has steadily added to his possessions until he now owns 605 acres, all in Union township. He has done a general farming and stock raising business, and on the home place of 255 acres, which he has greatly improved by the addition of modern buildings and equipment, he would feed out about 600 head of hogs and thirty of cattle. On February 21, 1883, he was married to Jessie Blackledge, a daughter of Clinton and America (Amos) Blackledge, and their union has been blessed with four children: Clarence, Paul, Ruby, and Wayne. Clarence married Laura Ging and has two children, Veril and Mary Ella. Paul married Hazel Hinchman and has two children, Robert and Marion. Ruby married Ernest Staida and has two children, June and Edgar Neal. Wayne is unmarried and lives at home with his parents. Mr. Daubenspeck has been one of the most earnest workers in the cause of the Christian church, and has held nearly all the lay offices, being now an elder. He is an ardent fraternalist, being a thirtysecond degree Mason and a member of the Shrine, Murat Temple, Indianapolis, a Knight of Pythias and a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. The principles of the Republican party coincide most nearly with his own political views, and he is consequently counted among its supporters, taking an active interest in all questions both local and national.

PHILIP S. DAUBENSPECK, a well known and substantial farmer and stock man of Union township, proprietor of an excellent farm there, was born in that same township and has lived on the farm all his life with the exception of a period of twelve years when he was engaged in the grain business at Glenwood. He was born on June 25, 1866, son of Harvey and Margaret (Hinchman) Daubenspeck, and grew to manhood on the home farm in Union township, receiving his schooling in the neighborhood schools. From the days of his boyhood Mr. Daubenspeck was well trained in the ways of the farm and after completing his schooling he remained on the farm, assisting his father in the operations of the same for about ten years, at the end of which time he became engaged in the grain business at Glenwood and was for twelve years thus engaged. In 1900 he returned to the farm to take up the operation of the same in his father's behalf and has since remained there, having taken over the farm after his father's death in April, 1917. Mr. Daubenspeck has a well kept and well improved farm of 230 acres, and his operations are carried on in up-to-date fashion. He for years has given special attention to the breeding of hogs, in connection with his general farming operations, and is accustomed to feed out from 500 to 800 head of hogs a year, thus long having been recognized as one of the leading feeders in this section. He also feeds a hundred or more head of cattle annually and has done well in his live stock operations. He has an excellent farm plant, with spacious barns and feeding pens, the plant including a cattle barn 70x160 feet and three others 40x60 feet and two 100-ton silos, and keeps things up about the place in real "ship-shape" style. In 1915 Philip S. Daubenspeck Was united in marriage to Anna Cook, daughter of Wilson and Louise Cook, and he and his wife have a very pleasant home on rural mail route No. 2 out of Glenwood, where their friends are ever sure of a hospitable welcome. In his political leanings Mr. Daubenspeck is a Republican and has ever given a good citizen's attention to local civic affairs, though not what may be called an "active" politician in the sense in which that term generally is used. He does, however, take an active interest in general community affairs, movements that have to do with the advancement of agricultural interests hereabout, and his influence in that behalf has been an ever widening one.

CHARLEY DAVIS, a substantial farmer of Anderson township, now living at Milroy, to which pleasant village he moved upon retiring from the active labor of the farm a year or two ago, who for the past ten years has rendered efficient public service as a member of the county council and in other ways has manifested his intelligent interest in public affairs, has been a resident of Rush county all his life and is warmly devoted to the county's best interests. Mr. Davis was born on a farm and has been a farmer all his life, having during the active period of his career as an agriculturist developed an excellent piece of property and has also gained something more than a local reputation as a breeder of live stock. He was born in Anderson township on November 29, 1875, son of Samuel H. and Mary E. (Henry) Davis, both of whom were natives of Kentucky, the parents of seven children, six of whom are still living, those besides the subject of this sketch being J. Henry, Robert S., Elizabeth, John S. and May Davis. Reared on the home farm, Charley Davis completed his schooling at Richland and from the days of his boyhood was engaged in the work of the farm and thus grew up to be an excellent farmer under the careful direction of his father. Upon starting out "for himself" he bought a tract of 120 acres of the home place and there established his home. In addition to his general farming Mr. Davis gave considerable attention to the raising of live stock and has been accustomed to feed out about 300 head of hogs a year and a car load of cattle. His affairs prospered and in 1918 he bought an additional tract of 160 acres of the old home place and thus has now a farm of 280 acres and one of the best equipped farm plants in that part of the county. In December, 1919, Mr. Davis moved from the farm to Milroy, at which place he some time before had bought a house pleasantly situated and he and his family are now living there, though he continues to give his farm a proper measure of his personal attention, keeping a close supervisory eye over the operation of the same. Mr. Davis is an ardent Republican and has for years given his thoughtful attention to local public affairs. In 1910 he was elected a member of the county council from his district and has since been retained in that office, to tho discharge of the important duties of which he has given his most earnest attention, and is thus widely and popularly known throughout the county. On December 17, 1902, Charley Davis was united in marriage to Mildred B. Jleek, who was born in Decatur county. daughter of John T. and Florence Eugenia (Bonner) Meek, natives of Kentucky, and to this union one child has been born, a daughter, Florence Louise. Mr. and Mrs. Davis are members of the Methodist church and have ever given their interested attention to church affairs as well as to the general social affairs of their home neighborhood, helpful in promoting all causes having to do with the advancement of the common good hereabout. Mr. Davis is a thirty-second degree Mason, affiliated with the local blue lodge and with the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, Valley of Indianapolis, and is likewise a Noble of the Ancient Arabic Order, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, affiliated with Murat Temple at Indianapolis. He also is a member of the Rushville lodge of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and in the affairs of these several fraternal organizations takes a warm interest.

ROBERT SIMPSON DAVIS, a successful farmer of Rush county who conducts his agricultural operations in Richland township from his home in Rushville, was born in Anderson township, this county, on August 14, 1859, the son of Samuel H. and Mary E. (Henry) Davis, both natives of Maysville, Fleming county, Kentucky. Samuel H. Davis was born on June 3, 1831, the son of Robert and Elizabeth (Henry) Davis, both natives of Fleming county, Kentucky. Robert Davis, familiarly known as "Uncle Bobby," became one of the most widely known men in Rush county, having come here in an early day and acquired 120 acres of land. He left Kentucky when his son Samuel was six years of age, located in Richland township, and here the boy grew to manhood. He received his education in the primitive schools of the times and then took up farming. When he engaged in business for himself it was on a farm of 240 acres in Anderson township that his wife had inherited. When he moved onto the place it was almost a virgin forest, but he cleared the land, living the while in a log cabin, and as the years passed brought it out of its wild state into a well-improved farm. He increased his holdings to 580 acres, all lying in Anderson and Richland township, and on his farms he did a general farming and stock raising business. He was one of the pioneers of the sheep industry in this county, entering extensively into this department of stock raising, and having as high as 1,200 head on hand at a time. He also would feed out between seventy-five and 100 head of hogs, usually ran a car load of cattle a year, and in addition dealt largely in fine horses. His thrift and industry were well rewarded, but he did not allow his prosperity to blind him to the needs of others. He gave largely to the poor, and was one of the best beloved and most highly respected men of the entire community. To him and his wife were born six childrenHenry, who is living at Milroy, this county; Robert Simpson, Elizabeth, Mrs. Ed Spradling, of Rushville, John, Mae, Mrs. John W. Anderson, and Charles, living at Milroy. Robert Simpson Davis attended No. 4 school house in Richland township, and also the old Richland Academy, a far-famed institution of learning of the time, after leaving which he took up farming with his father. He then for a time engaged in business for himself as a renter, and then was able to buy a farm of 116 acres in Richland township. In 1896, he went into the livery business in Rushville, and for nineteen years continued to be successfully engaged in that capacity. He was the owner of a fine string of from ten to fifty horses, but when it became evident to him that the automobile was to supersede the horse he sold out and went into the meat business, conducting an excellent market for some time. This he kept but also returned to his first calling, farming, buying a farm of eighty acres in Richland township, and the management of this together with the cares of his meat business keep him busily employed. He was united in matrimony to Ida Margaret, the daughter of Freeman and Lucinda Ellston. Mr. Davis has always been counted among the strong supporters of the Republican party, and while he has never sought political preferment for himself, he takes a keen interest in all local and national affairs. In his fraternal connections he is a member of the Knights of Pythias. Mrs. Davis is a member of the Christian church.

DONALD H. DEAN, M. D., who has by his ability and attention to the progress of his profession built up an enviable reputation for himself, was born near Columbus, in Bartholomew county. Indiana, the son of Jeremiah L. and Amanda (Heager) Dean, th? former of Corydon, Ind., the latter of near Columbus. Soon after his marriage, J. L. Dean moved to a farm near Columbus and there his five children were born: Donald H., the subject of this biography ; J. H., D. D. S., of Franklin, Ind.; G. D., an attorney at Indianapolis, and Frances and Ella, both living in Franklin. When his children were yet young, J. L. Dean moved to Columbus, retiring from active farming, in order that his children might have the advantages of the public schools of that place. After completing the public school curriculum, Donald H. Dean entered Franklin College, from which he was graduated in 1885. Having decided upon a professional career, and after careful consideration of the merits of the various medical colleges, he was matriculated at the Chicago Homeopathic Medical College, from which institution he received his degree in 1889. For two years thereafter, Doctor Dean practiced at Columbus, Ind., in partnership with Dr. A. Rice, who had been a fellow student of his. At the expiration of this period, he came to the conclusion that there were greater opportunities awaiting him in a different field, and he accordingly located in Rushville. Here, though at first a stranger, his success was never in doubt, and he has gradually attracted to himself an extensive and profitable practice. His modern offices are situated in the Logan building at the corner of Main and Fourth streets, where he is able to meet the demands of his constantly growing clientele. On January 1, 1894, Doctor Dean was married to Mary A. Irvin, of Rush county, and they have become the parents of three children: Phyllis, who is teaching in the Fair\ iew high school; Janet, who is attending Butler College; and Donald, the youngest, who is a student in the Rushville schools. Doctor Dean is a member of various societies in which he enjoys a deserved popularity, and in his political affiliations aligns himself with the Republican party.

JACOB F. DOWNEY, cashier of the Arlington Bank, at Arlington, is a native son of Rush county, having been born in December 15,1859, and is the son of James H. and Lucinda L. (Price) Downey, both of whom were also born and reared in Rush county. The subject's paternal grandfather, Jacob Downey, was a native of Kentucky, but in an early day came to Rush county and entered land in what is now known as Jackson township. On this tract of eighty acres he established a comfortable home and there he reared his family of seven children, two sons and five daughters: William. James H., Sarah, Mary, Elizabeth, Deborah and Rebecca. James H. Downey was educated in the Concord school of Jackson township and thereafter for some years he was successfully engaged in teaching school. Later he devoted his attention to farming, mostly in Posey township, where he owned 100 acres of land. To him and his wife were born two sons, John P. and Jacob F. Jacob F. Downey secured his elementary education in the common schools of Posey township, attending in districts Nos. 2 and 5, and then attended the normal school at Carthage, walking six miles every morning and evening in order to secure this higher training. After completing his studies. Mr. Downey engaged in teaching school, and followed that vocation for sixteen years, fifteen years in Posey township and one year in Jackson township. During this same period Mr. Downey was also engaged in farming, cultivating his land during the summer seasons and teaching during the winter months. After he quit teaching he farmed and followed the carpenter trade for about ten years, when he was selected for the position of cashier of the Arlington Bank, of which he is still the incumbent. The Arlington Bank has been an influential factor in the business prosperity of this section of Rush county. Mr. Downey is the owner of 230 acres of land in Posey township. On September 27, 1882, Mr. Downey was married to Mary I. Collins, who was born in Posey township, the daughter of William and Martha (Bentley) Collins. Mr. Collins was a successful farmer in Posey township, where he owned 123 acres of land. He and his wife became the parents of four children, namely: Eli B.. Mary I.. Mrs. Downey, and Omer, who died at the age of eighteen years. To Mr. and Mrs. Downey have been born three children, Clarence E.. who is a bookkeeper in the Arlington Bank and also operates a part of the home farm, married Golda Hauk and they have two children: Helen and Buford C.; Blanche became the wife of George J. Carwein, a farmer in Posey township, and they have three children: Cedrie L., Carl D. and Lois R.; Forest G., who is discount clerk in the Indiana National Bank at Indianapolis, Indiana, married Hazel Field and they have one child, Frederick G. Forest is a veteran of the World war, having served a year, ten months of that time overseas, as a member of the band of the Three Hundred and Ninth Engineers. Mr. Downey is an active member of the Christian church at Arlington and in politics he maintains an independent attitude, preferring to vote for the men and measures which most nearly meet with his approval. Personally, he is genial and companionable and enjoys a large following of warm and loyal friends.

JAMES O. DRAPER, a progressive farmer of Posey township and one of the worthy native sons of Rush county, was born in Posey township on February 17, 1862, and is the son of J. T. and Saphrona (Lower) Draper, the former a native of Virginia and the latter of Ohio. These parents were reared and educated in their respective native localities, but were married after moving to Rush county, where they spent the remainder of their lives. Mr. Draper was the owner of 140 acres of land in Posey township. To him and his wife were born six children, all of whom are living, namely: Francis, Henry, George, Charles, James and Elma. James O. Draper was reared under the parental roof and secured his education in district No. 9. He remained on the home farm until after his marriage, when he took up farm work on his own account beginning as a renter, but he was energetic and a good manager and about ten years after his marriage he bought sixty acres of land in Posey township. Five months later he sold that farm and bought an eighty-acre tract in Rushville township, where he remained about three years. Selling that place, he then bought ninety-nine acres near Carthage, which ho cultivated for about five years. He then moved onto the farm of 159 acres in Posey township which Mrs. Draper inherited, where the family lives, and here he has since remained, engaged in general agricultural operations. He raises all the crops common to this locality and also gives some . attention to the raising of live stock, handling about 100 head of hogs each year. The farm is well improved and is returning a satisfactory income. In February, 1883. Mr. Draper was married to Viola Nelson, a native of Posey township and the daughter of W. H. and Elizabeth (Adams) Nelson. To Mr. and Mrs. Draper have been born nine children, all of whom are living, namely: Olive, Cora, Nellie, Waldo, Pearl, Alphonso, Ozro, Millie, and Emerson. All of these children are married excepting Millie, who is engaged (1921) in teaching in the Washington township school at Raleign. In addition to his general agricultural operalions, Mr. Draper has been interested in the breeding of speed horses =md among the good horses which he has raised are the following. "Robert Axworthy," trotter, trial mile 2:20y4, sire, "Morgan Axworthy," dam, "Martha MacJay;" "Elizabeth Hall," bay trotter, trial mile 2:36, sire, "Bingen Hall," dam, "Lou C. McGregor;" "Lady Blacklock," pacer, record 2:24^, sire, "Blacklock," dam, "Zuleka." Politically, Mr. Draper is a strong supporter of the Democratic party, while in religious belief he and his family are identified with the Christian church at Arlington.

WALDO DRAPER, a farmer of Rush county who has achieved success along steady lines of action, was born in Posey township, this county, on March 5, 1888, and is the son of James and Millie V. (Nelson) Draper, both of whom also were born and reared in Posey township. Mr. Draper has followed farming throughout his active life. The Draper farm contains 159 acres of land in Posey township. To James Draper and his wife were born nine children, all of whom are living, namely: Ollie, Cora, Nellie, Waldo, Pearl, Alphonzo. Ozro, Millie and Emerson. Waldo Draper attended the Beaver Meadow school in Posey township and secured a good practical education. He has been identified with farming operations from his boyhood days and he remained on the home place, assisting his father, until about three years prior to his marriage, and during this intervening period he was employed in the neighborhood as a farm hand. After his marriage, Mr. Draper went to Shelby county, where he rented a farm, which he operated for a time, but subsequently he returned to Rush county and located on the farm which he now cultivates, and which he rents from his mother. The farm consists of 159 acres, the land being well adapted to general farming purposes, and in addition to the raising of field crops, Mr. Draper also gives considerable attention to the breeding and raising of registered Poland China hogs and also some grades, handling about seventy-five hogs annually. Mr Draper is enterprising and up-to-date in his farming methods and is meeting with pronounced success. On September 10, 1911, Mr. Draper was married to Fannie E. Lightner, who was born in Floyd county, Indiana, the daughter of Pleasant and Josephine (Robinson) Lightner, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the latter of Floyd county. Mr. and Mrs. Lightner had two children, Charles and Fannie. To Mr. and Mrs. Draper have been born three children, Glenn F., Beatrice M. and Leonard W. Politically, Mr. Draper is a staunch supporter of the Democratic party. Though he has no aspiration for public office, he is an intelligent supporter of every movement having for its object the advancement of the general welfare.

JAMES M. ELLISON, an experienced farmer and substantial citizen of Walker township, was born in Rushville township, this county, September 26, 1852, a son of William J. and Sarah (Duke) Ellison. His father was born in Rush county and his mother in Kentucky. They had six children born to them, four sons surviving, Fremont, Alonzo P., Elmer E. and James M. The father was a armer in Rush county all his life and owned 180 acres of valuable land. His death occurred on July 3, 1891. James M. Ellison had the usual school privileges in boyhood, attending what was known as the Alexander school near his father's farm, and early learned farming. He has never given much attention to any other vocation. For four years before his marriage, Mr. Ellison worked as a farm hand, then rented land for a year, following which he bought sixty acres in Orange township. That land he held and operated for ten years but when his father died he sold it and bought the old home place of 160 acres in Walker township, on which he lives, subsequently acquiring other tracts and he now owns 295 acres in that township. He has always been a progressive farmer and has encouraged the raising of good stock, a notable feature of his own industries being his full blood, big type Poland-China hogs, of which he markets about 100 head annually. On January 27, 1881, Mr. Ellison married Lucinda Hodge, who was born in Walker township, daughter of Alfred and Margaret (Miller) Hodge, natives of Rush county and farming people. Mrs. Ellison is one of a family of seven children and has three surviving sisters and one brother, Sarah, Mary, Martha and Alva. Mr. and Mrs. Ellison have two children, Orsa P., a farmer in Rush county, who married Mertie Hungerford, and Floy, who is the wife of Albert Gahimer, a farmer in Walker township. Mr. Ellison and his family are members of the Christian church at Homer. He has always been a Republican.

JOHNSON A. FANCHER, who died in the spring of 1919, was for many years a prominent figure in the agricultural life of Rush county, and aided materially in its development. By a life of uprightness, industry and square dealing—a life devoted to the support of whatever was good and true—he won the admiration and regard of a large circle of acquaintances, who sincerely mourned their loss, when, two years ago, he passed into the grateful rest and quiet of the night. Mr. Fancher was born in Blount county, Tennessee, on May 20, 1853, and was the son of Caleb S. and Millie (Myers) Fancher, both of whom also were natives of Tennessee. Caleb Fancher was a farmer by vocation and was a successful man. owning 350 acres of land. To him and his wife were born seven children, namely: Nancy, William, Frances J. and Martha, living, and Johnson A., Eliza and Mary, deceased. Johnson A. Fancher received a comparatively meager education, his school years being passed during the period of the Civil war, when educational matters were to a considerable extent neglected in the South. However, by habits of careful reading and close observation of men and events, he became a well-informed man on a wide range of topics and was always an interesting and intelligent conversationalist. Mr. Fancher remained in his native state until twenty-nine years of age, assisting his parents, but at that age he came to Rush county, locating in Jackson township, where for seven years he was employed on the Oldham farm. During the following five years he operated a part of the Oldham farm which he rented. He then located on the George F. Mull farm, south of Homer, which he rented for seven years, and at the end of that time he bought the farm of eighty acres in Posey township where his widow now lives. Eventually he bought forty-eight acres additional, thus giving him a total of 128 acres. By careful management and wise economy he had earned and saved all the money with which he bought this land and he made many permanent and substantial improvements on the land, which have made them a valuable and attractive property. Here he was actively engaged in general farming and stock raising up to the time of his death, which occurred on May 13, 1919, when almost sixty-six years of age. On August 8, 1888, Mr. Fancher was married to Ilettie Adams, a native of the township in which she now lives and the daughter of Edward and Elizabeth (Six) Adams. Her parents were natives of the state of Kentucky, the father being born in Scott county and the mother in Fleming county. In an early day they came to Rush county and Mr. Adams became a successful farmer in Posey township, where he owned eighty acres of land. Of the eleven children born to him and his wife, but two are now living, John and Mrs. Ilettie Fancher. To Mr. and Mrs. Fancher were born two children, Anna. F. and George, L. Anna became the wife of Pern Downey, who operates a garage at Arlington, and they have four children, Frank, Joy, Janice R. and Edna H. George L. Fancher married Pearl Souder and they have two children, June and Francis L. Mr. Fancher was an earnest supporter of the Republican party. He was a member of the Baptist church in Blount county, Tennessee. He was well liked by all who knew him, for he possessed a social nature and maintained a genial and kindly attitude to those about him. His career was a busy and useful one and he had well earned the high position he occupied in the estimation of his fellow citizens.

JAMES FISHER, a substantial farmer of Richland township, who died at his home in that township in the fall of 1916 and whose widow is now living at Milroy, was one of the most widely known men in Rush county in his day. For many years he had operated a threshing machine in season throughout this region, thus acquiring K wide acquaintance among the farmers and for some time also he had served the public as trustee of his home township, this official service tending further to extend his acquaintance and as "Squire" Fisher he was widely known hereabout, and in his passing left a good memory, for he had many friends who will not soon forget him. Mr. Fisher was born on a farm in Richland township on March 17, 1853, son of Jacob and Elizabeth Fisher, both of whom also were born in this county, members of pioneer families in the Richland neighborhood, and who were useful and influential members of the community of which they were life-long residents. Jacob Fisher, the pioneer, and his wife were the parents of nine children, of whom the subject of this memorial sketch was the second in order of birth, and as most of these reared families of their own the Fisher connection hereabout in the present generation is a no inconsiderable one. Reared on the home farm in Richland township, James Fisher completed his schooling in the old Richland Academy and from the days of his boyhood continued actively interested in agricultural pursuits. After his marriage he bought a farm of seventy-five acres in Anderson and Richland townships, west of Richland, and on that place established his home, remaining there until his death on October 21, 1916. When he was fourteen years of age James Fisher began to "follow'" a threshing outfit and the work had a fascination for him that kept him at it during each successive season until he became a man when be bought an outfit of his own and was thereafter engaged during seasons in threshing throughout this part of the state, his operations carrying him over into Franklin and Decatur counties besides the considerable territory covered by him in Rush county. In addition to his general farming he also gave considerable attention to the raising of live stock and did well in his operations, so that at the time of his death he had quite a snug piece of property. Mr. Fisher was an ardent Republican and ever gave close attention to local political affairs, serving for some years as trustee of Richland township and bringing to the duties of this office an intelligent appreciation of the public needs in respect thereto. In his fraternal affiliation Mr. Fisher was a Mason and took a warm interest in the affairs of the local lodge of that ancient organization. On September 20. 1876, James Fisher was united in marriage to Elizabeth Glass, who also was born in Richland township, a member of one of the old families there, and to this union two children were born, Maude, who married George Keisling and has one child, a son, Howard Fisher Keisling, and Wilbur, who married Grace Clark and has two children, Helen and Hazel. Since the death of her husband Mrs. Fisher has made her home at Milroy where she is very comfortably and very pleasantly situated. As noted above, she is a member of one of the old families in that neighborhood, her parents, George D. and Mary (Caskey) Glass, having been but children when their respective parents came to Rush county and settled in Richland township, the Glasses coming from Kentucky and the Caskeys from Virginia. George D. Glass and Mary Caskey were married in Richland township and there spent their last days, useful and respected residents of the community in which they established their home after their marriage. They were the parents of six children, of whom four are still living, those besides Mrs. Fisher being Jennie, Emma and Joseph. JACOB WISSING, Sr., farmer and stockraiser in Walker township, this county, was born in Germany on November 18, 1844, a son of George and Barbara (Becker) Wissing, who came to the United States in 1856. Of their five children two are living, Lena and Jacob. Jacob Wissing was twelve years old when he accompanied his parents to this country and before that had attended school in Germany. Like his father he became a farmer, working on different farms by the year until 1866 when he was married and for ten years after that he operated rented land. He then bought eighty acres of his present farm in Walker township and to his first purchase kept adding until he had 333 acres, and has long been considered one of the substantial farmers of his township. He has always carried on general farming and has also turned off many head of stock every year. On November 18, 1866, Jacob Wissing married Caroline Hertzel, who was born in Rush county, daughter of Christian and Salome (Bayer) Hertzel. Mr. and Mrs. Wissing have had eight children, Jacob A., Henry C, John M., George E., Frederick W., Elizabeth, who died at the age of twenty-three years, and two who died in childhood. Henry C. Wissing, a farmer in Rush county, married Lena Soble and has a daughter, Margaret. John M. Wissing, a farmer in Rush county, married Dena Webster and has four children, Howard. Leslie, Annetta and Ellis. George E. Wissing, a farmer in Rush county, married Lena Kney, and has three children, Helen, Carolina and Wallace. Frederick W. Wissing, a farmer in Henry county, married Ida Phillips, and has three children, Minna, Owen and Elmer. Jacob Wissing is a member of Zion church. Politically, he has always been a Democrat.

JOHN D. FLEENER, who died at his home in Jackson township on April 3, 1917, and whose widow still lives there, having a pleasant home on rural mail route No. 8 out of Rushville, was born in that township on November 25, 1843. His parents were Drury and Sarah M. (Dill) Fleener, the former a native of North Carolina and the latter born and reared in Rush county. John D. Fleener received his educational training in the local public schools in Jackson township. After completing his studies he continued to live on the home place with his father, assisting him in the operation of the farm up to the time of his marriage. He then began farming on his own account on the place where his widow now lives, and which comprises eighty-five acres of land, a part of which land he inherited and a part of which he bought. He successfully carried on farming operations for many years and won a high reputation as a wide-awake, up-to-date and enterprising farmer. On April 6, 1865, Mr. Fleener was united in marriage to Sarah M. (Downey), who was born in Jackson township, and attended the Downey school, the same which her husband attended. She is the daughter of James and Rebecca (Hinton) Downey, both of whom were natives of Kentucky. They came to Rush county soon after their marriage and entered the land where he spent the remainder of his days, the place comprising eighty acres. He and his wife were the parents of nine children, five of whom are living, namely: David E., Ezekiel, Martha, May and Sarah M. To Mr. and Mrs. Fleener was born one child, Nolen D., on March 21, 1888, but who died at the age of eleven years, seven months ond twenty-two days. Mr. Fleener was an earnest and consistent member of the Christian church, to which his widow now belongs. Politically, he: was a life-long Democrat, though never an aspirant for public office. He was one of Jackson township's most substantial and highly esteemed citizens and the many beautiful tributes to his high standing as a man and citizen attested to the abiding place he had in the hearts of his friends throughout this locality.

CHARLES A. FRAZEE, treasurer of Rush county and former postmaster of Rushville, former chairman of the Rush county Republican central committee and for many years actively identified with civic affairs in this county, one of the best known public men in the Sixth district, was born in Rush county and has lived here all his life. He was born on a farm in Rushville township on December 11, 1875, son of Aaron and Sarah (Brooks) Frazee, natives of the state of Kentucky, whose last days were spent in this county. Aaron Frazee came from Kentucky to Indiana in the days of his young manhood and bought a farm in Noble township, this county, where, after his marriage, he established his home. Some time later, however, he sold that place and bought a farm in Rushville township which he developed into a fine piece of property and on which he spent the remainder of his life, his death occurring there on May 1, 1896. His widow survived him more than two years, her death occurring on August 23, 1898. Aaron Frazee and wife were the parents of four children, those besides the subject of this sketch being Ora, wife of W. W. Wilson, William M. Frazee and Mrs. Myrtle Bonner, the latter a resident of Greensburg, this state. Charles A. Frazee was reared on the home farm and finished his schooling in the Rushville high school. As a young man he continued on the farm assisting his father in the operation of the same until the latter's death and for about ten years thereafter continued in active management of the same. In February, 1909, Mr. Frazee received from President Roosevelt the appointment as postmaster of Rushville and continued to serve the public in that important capacity until the expiration of his commission in 1913, after which he was appointed deputy county treasurer. For four years he served in that capacity and then in 1918 was elected county treasurer, leading the county ticket in that election. Mr. Frazee is an ardent Republican and has for years been recognized as among the leaders of that party in this part of the state. From 1903 to 1909, thus serving three terms, he served his party as chairman of the county central committee and in that capacity did much to strengthen and solidify the party's interests in this county, his appointment as postmaster in the latter year and his subsequent election to the office of county treasurer having been properly regarded in the community as but fitting rewards for the effective service rendered in behalf of the committee and the party at large. On August 24, 1899, Charles A. Frazee was united in marriage to Georgia McBride, daughter of William and Sarah McBride, and to this union has been born one child, a daughter, Helen K. The Frazees have a pleasant home in Rushville and have ever taken an interested part in the city's general social activities and have been helpful in promoting movements looking to the common good. Mr. Frazee is a thirty-second degree Mason, a member of the local lodge of the Free and Accepted Masons at Rushville, affiliated with the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, Valley of Indianapolis; is a noble of the Ancient Arabic Order, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, affiliated with Murat Temple at Indianapolis, and a member of the Rushville lodge of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks.

AUGUST GAHIMER, farmer and thresher in Walker township, was born in Orange township, this county, February 20, 1871, a son of William and Kate (Leatherman) Gahimer. Both parents werp born and reared in Rush county and the father has been a prosperous farmer here for many years, now owning 414 acres of good land. His children are August, Julius, George and John. August Gahimer attended the public schools in Orange township, assisted his father on the home place and all his life has been engaged in farm pursuits. Following his marriage he began farming for himself on a fifty-acre traet belonging to his father, and still lives on the same, paying grain rent. Mr. Gahimer is a thorough-going farmer, keeps everything in good order and raises grain and as much stock as the place will support. He also owns and operates a threshing outfit. On August 18, 1895, he married Maggie Hauck, who was born in Shelby county. Indiana, a daughter of Peter and Kate (Henry) Hauck. The parents of Mrs. Gahimer were born in Germany and were young when they accompanied their respective parents to the United States. Mr. Hauck was a cooper by trade and had a shop at Blue Ridge, Shelby county. Of his family of seven children four are living, Frank, Kate, Rose and Maggie. Mr. and Mrs. Gahimer have one child, Goldie E., who is the wife of Albert Lestenberger, a farmer in Shelby county. They have two children, Lawrence E. and Leland A. Mr. Gahimer and family are members of the Christian church at Manilla. He has always voted with the Democratic party.

WILLIAM CURTIS GEISE, a substantial grain grower and live stock dealer, of Noble township, was born in Fayette county, this state, December 15, 1882, a son of Henry and Frances (Breitenbauch) Geise. Henry Geise was born in Pennsylvania and was a small child when brought by his parents from the Keystone state to Indiana, the family settling in Fayette county, where he was given a public school education. Reared to agricultural pursuits, on reaching years of manhood he adopted the tilling of the soil as his life work and engaged therein in Fayette county until 1894, in that year renting a farm in Union township, Rush county. This property he tarmed until 1908, when he moved back to Fayette county and purchased a tract of 120 acres, on which he is still carrying on successful operations as a general farmer and grower of live stock. He and his worthy wife, a native of Fayette county, have been the parents of sixteen children, of whom thirteen survive: Edward. Joseph, Mollie, John, Stella, William Curtis, Quincy, Cleve, Vina, Emma, Hazel, Ben and Bernice. William Curtis Geise received hia educational training in the public schools of Fayette and Rush counties, and when ready to embark upon his career engaged in farming in association with his father. This connection continued to be maintained until Mr. Geise was married, at which time he rented the place on which he is now living, and there has developed a handsome property. His operations have extended somewhat since the early days of his experience and at this time he is renting 145 acres, in addition to which he operates also 143 acres belonging to him. and all of it is under a high state of cultivation. Mr. Geise operates las property according to the latest approved methods of agricultural science, and is practical, efficient and thorough. He has eighty acres in corn and fifty acres in wheat, and feeds out on an average of 200 hogs each year. Mr. Geise has large and substantial buildings, and makes use of the latest equipment and machinery. In 1906 Mr. Geise was united in marriage to Ethel Wilson, daughter of John and Nora Wilson, and to this union there have been born five children, Esther, Ruth, Richard, Harlan and Betty. Mr. and Mrs. Geise are members of the Little Flat Rock Christian Church, in the faith of which the children are being reared. In his political allegiance Mr. Geise is a Democrat.

PETER GILSON, one of the influential and highly esteemed citizens of Jackson township, takes his lineage from old Virginia. That section of the country which was associated with so much of our early national history became the home of his ancestors in an early day, and of Rush county, Indiana, they also were pioneers, the first member of the subject's immediate family to locate here having been his grandfather, who came from the Old Dominion state and located in Rush county. Among his children was William Gilson. who born in Virginia, was brought to Indiana in his early youth, followed farming here during the most of his active life, and who married Sallie Bruce, a native of Rush county. Among their children is Peter Gilson, the immediate subject of this review, whose farm is located in Jackson township. He was born on January 1,1844, was educated in the schools of his home neighborhood and remained on the home farm, assisting his father until his marriage, in 1878, when he took up farming on his own account, renting land for several years, but eventually he bought the land in Jackson township where he now lives. The place comprises eighty acres of fine tillable land, which is well improved and has returned abundant crops for the labor bestowed upon it. Mr. Gilson here follows a general line of farming and stock raising and is meeting with the success that always rewards industry, persistency and the exercise of good business judgment. On March 28, 1878, Mr. Gilson was married to Nancy Rogues, who was born and reared in Jackson township, the daughter of Atlas and Susan Rogues, who were farming folk in Jackson township and in whose family were the following children: James K., Marshall F.. Ida May and Nancy. To Mr. and Mrs. Gilson were born three children, of whom two are living, William F., and Iona Bell, who Stuart, mother of the subject of this sketch. Merrill S. Ball received his early schooling in the schools of Knightstown and supplemented the same by a course of two years at Earlham College at Richmond. Upon leaving college he resumed his place on the home farm in Posey township, which he had inherited, and there remained for twelve years, or until 1911, when he moved to Rushville and opened a garage. For two years he was engaged in this business and then, in the fall of 1913, he formed a partnership with Clata L. Bebout, under the firm name of Ball & Bebout, and opened a dry-cleaning, pressing and tailoring establishment at Rushville, a business in which he has since been quite successfully engaged. Mr. Ball is a Republican and has for years taken an active interest in local political affairs. He served one term as member of the board of county commissioners from his home district and has in other ways given of his time and attention to civic matters. In 1898 Merrill S. Ball was united in marriage to Mary E. Rash, who was born in the neighboring county of Hancock, daughter of W. R. Rash, a former merchant of that county, now living retired, and to this union two children have been born, Margaret C. and Richard S., the former of whom is now (1921) a student at the University of Indiana at Bloomington. Mr. and Mrs. Ball are members of the Methodist church and have ever taken an interested part in church affairs as well as in the general social activities of their home community. Mr. Ball is a Mason, a member of the local lodge of that order at Rushville, and is a Knight Templar, a member of the Rushville commandery. He also is affiliated with the local lodges of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and in the affairs of all these organizations takes a warm fraternal interest.

WILLIAM H. GLENDENNING, a well-known farmer and representative citizen of Posey township, was born in that township on November 16, 1890, and is the son of George W. and Margaret E. (Powell) Glendenning. He attended school in districts Nos. 1 and 6 and also received three years of high school work in the Arlington school. On leaving school Mr. Glendenning devoted himself to the work of the home farm, working for his father until the latter's death, and then continuing for his mother about three years. Since then he has been operating the home farm as a renter and has met with a gratifying measure of success. The farm comprises 343 acres of land, all located in Posey township, and there the subject is carrying on general farming, raising all the crops common to this section of the country, and also giving some attention to live stock, handling about 150 head of hogs each year. The place is well improved and ranks among the best farms of Posey township. On June 12, 1917, Mr. Glendenning was married to Beulah Metsker, who was born in the state of California, but was educated in Benton county, Indiana. She is a daughter of Luther and Emma (Bowman) Metsker, both of whom were born and reared in Warren county, Indiana, where the father followed the vocation of farming. Luther Metsker and wife were the parents of six children, all of whom are living, namely: Mary, Robert, Beulah, Arnett, Lena and Lucile. To Mr. and Mrs. Glendenning have been born two children, Lloyd V., born on May 23, 1918, and Georgia, who died in infancy. Mr. Glendenning has been a staunch and life-long supporter of the Republican party and is now serving a term as a member of the county council. He and his wife are earnest members of the Methodist Episcopal church at Arlington.

JESSE G. GRAY, a well known farmer of Jackson township, residing on rural mail route No. 8, out of Rushville, is a native son of Rush county, having been born in Jackson township on November 6, 1876. His parents, James and Polly A. (Cross) Gray, were also natives of this county and here the father followed farming throughout his active life, being the owner of 141 acres of land in Jackson township. To him and his wife were born three children, all of whom are living, namely: Frances C., Emma J. and Jesse G. Jesse G. Gray attended the Downey school, district No. 4, and then turned his attention to the cultivation of the home farm, remaining with his father until about thirteen years after his marriage. He then moved onto the place where he now lives, comprising eighty acres, which he operates for his mother. He carries on general farming operations, raising all the crops common to this locality and also giving some attention to the raising of hogs, feeding and marketing about one hundred and fifty head a year. Mr. Gray was married on April 30, 1899, to Lola A. Havens, a native of Posey township and the daughter of John and Adonia (Able) Havens. Mr. and Mrs. Gray have a son, Wilbur, born on October 19, 1900, who attended the Osborn school, in his home township. Politically, Mr. Gray is a staunch advocate of the Democratic party and takes a deep interest in public affairs, especially as pertaining to his county and township. Fraternally, he is a member of Ivy Lodge, No. 27, Knights of Pythias, at Rushville. Personally, he is genial and companionable and his friends are in number as his acquaintances. On October 19, 1919, his nineteenth birthday, Wilbur Gray enlisted in the marine corps and served for five months. In the spring of 1921 he became a Freemason, taking the degrees in Phoenix lodge at Rushville.

J. W. GREEN, M. D., the first in three generations of Rush county physicians and one of the early medical practitioners in the county, was bom here on February 5, 1825, the son of Lot and Anna (Cooper) Green, pioneers. They came to Rush county in 1824, located in Posey township, and here J. W. Green grew to manhood. He had early become interested in the medical science, and by diligent application to such works on anatomy and other branches as he could obtain, trained himself to minister to the ills of his fellow beings. He was generous to a fault, and during the Civil war never accepted any remuneration for services rendered to the families of soldiers, his kindness and sympathetic nature winning him a legion of warm friends. On May 18, 1846, he married Mary J. Gowdy, of Arlington, and they were the parents of twelve children: Lot, Nancy, Ann, Preston S., Adam W., Mary L., John, Thomas, William Lewis, Nellie R., James and Charles. Dr. Lot Green was born in Arlington, where his father, Dr. J. W. Green, practiced medicine, July 29, 1847, and after completing his preliminary schooling entered Butler University at Irvington, Ind., and was graduated from the medical department of that institution in 1881. He came to be a very successful member of the profession, was an ardent worker in various medical associations, and for several years was county health officer. In addition to his professional interests he was the owner of a fine farm in Jackson township. In 1872, he married Cordelia J. Barnard, a daughter of Brasilla G. and Rachel (Roberts) Barnard, residents of Posey township, this county, and to them were born five sons: Lucien L., Hallie W., Frank H., Charles S., and Derby B. Dr. Frank H. Green was born on July 20, 1876, at Arlington, the third son of Dr. Lot Green, and after attending the common schools of Jackson township and the high schools at Gings Station and Rushville he was matriculated at Indiana Medical College at Indianapolis, from which institution he received his M. D. degree on March 31. 1897. Return to Rushville, he began to practice with his father, with whom he continued until February 21, 1905, when he began to practice for himself. He took post-graduate work for three months in 1901 at the New York Post-Graduate Hospital and again in 1917. For fifteen years he ably assisted Dr. John C. Sexton, having been a member of the Sexton Hospital staff for that length of time. On October 3, 1918, he entered the military service of the country as a captain in the medical corps, was stationed first at Ft. Oglethorp, Ga., for three months, and then at Camp Sheridan at Montgomery. Ala., where he was discharged in January, 1919. While at Ft. Oglethorp Captain Green completed a three-months course in X-ray, further perfecting himself for civilian practice. On returning to Rushville, he opened a private hospital, making it possible for him to enlarge the scope of his work as well as enabling him to discharge more efficiently the duties entailed by his large clientele. On November 23, 1898, Doctor Green was married to Kate R. Kiplinger, a daughter of Daniel F. and Maude H. Kiplinger. They have had one child, a son born in 1900, who died in infancy. Although almost his entire time is occupied by his professional duties, Doctor Green gives some attention to the 146-acre farm iii Rushville township, which he and his brother Derby own. He is well known in fraternal bodies in Rushville, being a member of the Masonic order, Knights of Pythias, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and the Improved Order of Red Men. Politically he is a Republican, and has never failed with his support in any worthy cause either in the realm of politics or in civic welfare. Doctor Charles S. Green, the fourth son of Doctor Lot Green and one of the county's leading dental surgeons, was born in the town of Occident, Jackson township, this county, December 2, 1883. True to a family tradition, he decided on a career of professional practice, though in a slightly different branch of the medical science than that followed by his forebears, and after completing the course of study prescribed in the common schools of Jackson township and the high school at Rushville, he entered Indiana Dental College, from which he received the degree of D. D. S. in 1906. He returned to Rushville to enter upon the practice of his profession, and has won many supporters by the excellent character of the work he does, as his clientele all know that there is no improvement, invention, or scientific discovery made in dentistry of which Doctor Green does not take instant advantage. He married Elma H. Retherford, a daughter of Robert and Lila Retherford, and they are the parents of two children: Frank H., Jr., and Justine. He is a member of the Masonic order, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and the Knights of Pythias, in all of which he enjoys unusual popularity. The principles of the Republican party coincide most nearly with his political views, and it is there that his support is given.

LOWELL M. GREEN, M. D., one of the best known members of the medical profession at Rushville, was born in that city on April 15, 1882, a son of Hon. Thomas M. Green, who was also a native of this county, born at Milroy, on September 16, 1853. Thomas M. Green was the son of Samuel and Elizabeth (McKee) Green, residents of Rushville, and lived upon a farm in this county until he was eighteen years of age, when he was matriculated at Indiana State University. At this institution he pursued his studies for two years, then entering as a student the law office of John A. Holman, at Indianapolis. Ill health forced him to return to the farm in Rush county after eighteen months spent in preparation for the legal profession, but in a few months he once more attempted his chosen calling. He was admitted to the Rush county bar, and entered the office of Sleeth & Study, but the condition of his health forbade his continuance as a lawyer, and in two years he was compelled to give up his cherished ambition. He accordingly interested himself in the stove and tinware business, in 1870 forming a partnership with M. C. Kitchen, which lasted for four years. In 1886 Mr. Green was elected on the Republican ticket as representative from Rush county to the state legislature. Thomas M. Green was married on June 5, 1879, to Anna D. Foxworthy, daughter of James H. and Cynthia A. (Barrett) Foxworthy, natives of Rush county, and they became the parents of four children: Paul D., Lowell M., Myron R. and Alma M. Lowell M. Green received his preliminary schooling in the public schools of Rushville and was graduated from the high school with the class of 1899. He then attended Indiana University for two years, taking the pre-medical course, and thereafter took a four-years course at Indiana Medical College, from which he received the degree of Doctor of Medicine in .1906. Upon receiving his diploma Doctor Green began the practice of his profession in Indianapolis, but in the fall of that same year returned to Rushville where he opened an office, and has there continued in practice. On July 19, 1917, Doctor Green volunteered for service in the World war and was commissioned a first lieutenant in the Fourth regiment (infantry) of the Indiana National Guard. He recruited a medical unit of thirty-three men, thirty-one of whom were residents of Rush county, and on August 5, 1917, this unit was mustered into the Federal service as the Infirmary of the One Hundred and Thirty-ninth Field Artillery. After a month's training at Camp Wolfe, Rushville, the company was ordered to Fort Benjamin Harrison, at Indianapolis, and on September 28, 1917, was sent to Camp Shelby, Hattiesburg, Miss. After months of training and weary waiting, the division of which this unit was a part was sent overseas to France. Returning to this country in the spring of 1919 the organization was discharged. Doctor Green was discharged from the service on January 20, 1919, with the rank of captain in the Medical Corps, United States Army. Doctor Green is a member of Rush Post, No. 150, American Legion, and" was chairman of the first executive committee of that patriotic organization. He is a life member of the American Red Cross and a member of the Rush County Medical Society, the Sixth District Medical Society, the Union District Medical Society, the Indiana State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. He is a thirty-second degree Mason, affiliated with Phoenix Lodge, No. 62, Free and Accepted Masons, at Rushville; Rush Chapter, No. 24, Royal Arch Masons; Rush Council, No. 41, Royal and Select Masters, and Rushville Commandery, No. 49, Knights Templar, and with the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, Valley of Indianapolis, and is a noble of the Ancient Arabic Order of Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, affiliated with Murat Temple at Indianapolis. He is a member of the college fraternities Beta Theta Pi and Phi Chi and is likewise affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Fraternal Order of Eagles. He is a Republican and he and his wife are members of the United Presbyterian church. On September 15, 1910, Dr. Lowell M. Green was united in marriage to Maud B. Fargo, an alumnus of DePauw University and a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Louis W. Fargo, natives of Virginia, and to this union two children have been born, both sons, Thomas M. Green, Jr., and Lowell M. Green, Jr.

FRED GROSS, merchant, and proprietor of the leading general store at Manilla, this county, was born in Walker township, Rush county, March 29, 1875. His parents were John and Catherine (Ottman) Gross, who were born in Germany and came to the United States when young, after their marriage settling in Walker township, Ihis county. For some years John Gross followed the cabinet making trade at Manilla, but in 1861 became a merchant, establishing a store on the location that has never been changed, although there has been a considerable amount of expansion. He continued active as a merchant during the rest of his life. Of his eight children, the following survive: Kate, Emma, Caroline, Jacob, William, Fred and Otto. Fred Gross was educated at Manilla, where he was graduated from the high school, following which he began assisting his father in the store. In 1895 he and his sister, Caroline, jointly inherited the store business, and since that time Mr. Gross has managed the business very profitably, demonstrating excellent judgment and commercial foresight. On April 12, 1907, he married Vivian Barnum, who was born at Manilla, daughter of Dr. William E. and Lavancha Barnum. Th" father of Mrs. Gross has practiced medicine at Manilla for forty-fiv years. She has one brother, Dr. Emerson Barnum. Mr. and Mrs. Gross have two children, Fred, Jr., and Katherine. In political life Mr. Gross is a Democrat and has served four years as township trustee, having been elected on the Democratic ticket. He is quite active in fraternal life, being a Mason, belonging to the blue lodge at Manilla and chapter, council and commandery at Rushville, and is a member of the Modern Woodmen of America at Manilla and of the Knights of Pythias at Blue Ridge, over in Shelby county. Mr. Gross is accounted one of the representative business men of Rush county.

HENRY O. GROSS, cashier of the Manilla Bank, and one of the prominent men in Rush county's financial circles, is a native of of the county, having been bor n at Manilla, January 22, 1878, the son of John and Katherine (Ottman) Gross, both natives of Germany. Realizing that there were greater opportunities for advancement in America, John Gross came to this country in his early manhood prior to his marriage, while his wife came with her father when she was yet a girl. His first occupation in this country was in the capacity of a wagon maker and cabinet worker, being an expert in all lines of wood working. He later founded the general store in Manilla which is now operated by his son Fred, although it still retains the name of the founder. To him and his wife were born eight children, seven of whom are now living: Katherine, Emma, Jacob, Caroline. George W., Fred, Henry 0., and Charles F., who died at the age of about twenty-four years, and is buried at Shelbyville, this state. Henry O. Gross received his education in the common schools and the high school at Manilla, which he attended for two years, and a short term at the Nelson Business College some time later. After ieaving high school, he and his brother. Fred, took charge of their father's store, the duty devolving upon them at their father's death, and together they conducted the business for two years. At the end of that time, Fred joined the army, and for the succeeding two years, Henry managed the affairs of the establishment by himself. On his brother's return from the army, he turned over the business to him and went to Cincinnati, where he took his short business course. Following this he went to Indianapolis and worked in the wholesale grocery establishment of the Indianapolis Fancy Grocery Company for a short time, and then, having been offered a position with the Mauzy & Denning Company, moved to Rushville, where he lemained for four months. He was then, April 1, 1901, made cashier of the Manilla Bank, the responsibilities of which office he has since discharged with credit to himself and with profit to the bank. On September 26, 1905, Mr. Gross was united in marriage with Miss Clara Fox, the daughter of Jacob G. and Amy E. (Blackford) Fox. both natives of Shelby county, Indiana, he being a miller by trade and now employed by the Mull Grain Company at Manilla. Mrs. Gross was born in Shelby county, and was educated in the schools there and at Morristown, Ind. To Mr. and Mrs. Fox three children have been born, all of whom are now living, Blanche. Ralph, and Clara. Mr. Gross is a popular member of the Masonic fraternity, being affiliated with Manilla Lodge, No. 34, and in addition is well known as a member of the Modern Woodmen. In his political beliefs, he is counted among the supporters of the Democratic party, but he has never sought political office at the hands of his fellow citizens.

JAMES O. GUNNING, a well known general farmer in Walkev township, this county, was born on January 7, 1867, in Shelby county, this state, a son of Sinclair and Clementine (McCombs) Gunning, the father a native of Shelby county, and the mother, of Wayne county, Indiana. Their four children survive, Emory, Ella. Elma and James O. The father was a veteran of the Civil war, in which he served four years as a member of the One Hundred First regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry. After the war he engaged in farming in Shelby county as long as active. James O. Gunning had public school advantages in his native county, after which he worked at farming until his own marriage. For some years following he farmed for his father-in-law in Walker township, Rush county. When the latter died the wife of Mr. Gunning inherited the Macy farm, a valuable tract of 160 acres, on which Mr. Gunning carries on farm activities very profitably. It was an January 7, 1904, that Mr. Gunning married Adelma Macy, only child of Lysander and Frances E. (Casto) Macy, the former of whom was born in Rush county and the latter in Shelby county. Mr. and Mrs. Gunning have one child, Ela Frances, who attends school at Manilla. The family belongs to the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics he is a Republican.

LINCOLN GUPPIN, proprietor of the Guffin Dry Goods Company's store at Rushville, and one of that city's popular and progressive business men, is a native of Rush county, having been born in Noble township, September 23, 1864, a son of Andrew and Clara (Brooks) Guffin, both of Rush county. Andrew Guffin spent his entire life in the county, owning 300 acres of land in Noble township, and was recognized as one of the shrewd and able agriculturists of the community until the time of his death in 1903. He and his wife reared a family of nine children: Alice, who married Dr. W. T. Cooper; O. F., Lincoln, Nellie, who married 0. J. Myers; Lucy, who married Alonzo Keisling; Andrew, Claude, Maude, who married John K. Stiers, and Theodosia, who married Claude B. Hunt. Lincoln Guffin was educated in the common schools of the county and at Little Flat Rock Seminary, from which he was graduated in 1884. Thereafter he taught school and assisted his father about the farm. teaching for three years at the Hinchman school and then at New Salem. He then gave up the profession of educator in favor of farming, continuing on the land until the spring of 1893, when he removed to Rushville, being first employed as a clerk by William Bliss. After one year in this position, he clerked for six years for Frank Wilson, leaving him to go into partnership in the clothing business with W. G. Mulno. He continued successfully in this business for eleven years and then sold out his interests to Mr. Mulno to open up his present dry goods establishment with his sister-in-law as his able assistant. Mr. Guffin says that the present volume of his business is largely due to her ability as a business woman and dry goods specialist. Mr. Guffin was married on November 20, 1890, to Nettie Myers, a daughter of John S. and Mary (Ilolman) Myers, and it was after her death in March, 1893, that he moved to Rushville. He was married to Leora Trusler on November 29, 1896. Both Mr. and Mrs. Guffin are devout members of the Christian church, in which Mr. Guffin was at one time a deacon and also an elder, as well as chairman of the official board. Mr. Guffin has the distinction of being the first president of the Rush County Chautauqua, which ranks second only to that at Winona. Fraternally he is Mason and a Knight of Pythias, and in his political views, holds to the principles of the Republican party.

LEWIS EDGAR HARCOURT, a member of the advisory board of Anderson township and a substantial retired farmer of that township now living at Milroy, was born in Rush county and has lived here all his life. He was born on a farm in Orange township on October 16, 1862, son of James A. and Harriette (Kealer) Harcourt, who in their generation were among the best known and most influential residents of that community, and whose last days were spent in this county. James A. Harcourt was born in Rush county of pioneer parents and grew to manhood on the old home farm in Orange township, in time becoming a farmer on his own account and as his affairs prospered became the owner of two farms, one of 120 acres, a part of the old home place, and another of 240 acres. He is well remembered hereabout as the patentee and manufacturer of the Harcourt Hoosier grain drill, a device which had a wide popularity throughout this region in the days before the one-way drill was introduced. For some time after patenting the Hoosier drill he manufactured the device on his farm, his little shop being operated by horse power, and he would turn out ten or twelve machines a year simply for the use of the neighbors, but as the popularity of the drill extended and demands began to come in from other sections he bought the old Scull woolen mill on Big Flat Rock, two and a hall' miles north of Moscow, and equipped the plant for the manufacture of 1,000 or more of the drills a year. This manufacture he kept up until the improved drills entered the general market, when he abandoned the business and retired to his farm in Orange township and was there engaged in farming the rest of his life. James A. Harcourt and wife were the parents of nine children, five of whom are still living, those besides the subject of this sketch being Alonzo Harcourt, of Orange township; Melissa, wife of John Hungerford, of that same township; Elmazie, wife of John Hardick, of Rushville, and Wilbur Harcourt, the well known blacksmith. Lewis E. Harcourt was reared on the home farm in Orange township, received his schooling in the excellent schools of that neighborhood and until he was twenty-three years of age was engaged in work in his father's drill factory. He then rented his father's farm in Anderson township and thus occupied that place until after his father's death. In the distribution of the estate he received a tract of forty acres, to which by purchase he added an adjoining '' forty.'' This place he presently sold and then bought the old Rickets farm of 117 acres, moved to the same and there made his home for fourteen years, at the end of which time he retired from the active labors of the farm and moved to Milroy, where he has a very pleasant home and where he and his family are quite comfortably situated. Mr. Harcourt is an ardent Republican, as was his father before him, and has ever given his earnest attention to local civic affairs, at present and for some time past serving the public as a member of the advisory board of Anderson township. In 1886 Lewis E. Harcourt was united in marriage to Martha C. Hodges, who also was born in this county, daughter of Alfred Hodges, and to this union five children have been born, Faud, Ertel, Callie, Clifford and Jewel (deceased). Faud Harcourt married Nellie Whiteman, who died leaving one child, a little daughter. Lois. Ertel Harcourt married Grace Kiplinger and Clifford Harcourt married Carrie Brown. Mr. and Mrs. Harcourt are members of the Methodist Episcopal church and have ever taken an interested and active part in church work, Mr. Harcourt now and for some time past serving as a member of the board of trustees of the church.

JOSEPH E. HARDIN, a well known farmer and stock dealer of Posey township and one of the substantial and enterprising citizens of Rush county, was born in Guilford county, North Carolina, on the 10th day of October, 1860, and is the son of Christopher V. and Sibbey J. (Faust) Hardin, both of whom were born and reared in North Carolina. The subject's father was a farmer by vocation and owned 200 acres of land. To him and his wife were born nine children, seven of whom are living, namely: John L., Cicero C., Peter A., Bettie, Joanna, Maude and Joseph E. Joseph E. Hardin was educated in the public schools of his native state and remained at home until he had attained his majority, when he came to Indiana, settling at Knightstown, where for four years he was employed as a farm hand. At the time of his marriage, in 1885, he rented forty acres of land in Hancock county, but two years later he returned to Henry county, where for ten years he operated a rented farm. He then went to Greene county, Indiana, where he engaged in the butchering and stock business, and he also became the owner of sixty acres of land there. Fifteen years later Mr. Hardin sold his interests there and came to Rush county. After operating rented land here for seven years, he bought the farm on which he now resides, comprising eightyfive acres of fine, tillable land, on which Mr. Hardin carries on general farming operations, in which he has been very successful. Mr. Hardin is also extensively engaged in the business of buying and shipping of live stock, handling large numbers of cattle and hogs. He is an indefatigable worker, a good business man and enjoys to a marked degree the confidence and good will of all with whom he has dealings. On January 15, 1885, Mr. Hardin was married to Rebecca A. Sexton, who was born and reared in Greene county, Indiana, the daughter of Joel B. and Mary (Lamb) Sexton, both of whom also were natives of that county. To Mr. and Mrs. Hardin have been born nine children, of whom seven are living, namely: Carl V., who is a farmer in Hancock county, married Elizabeth Manche and they havethree children, Herchel, Lewis and Russell, Joseph B., who also is a farmer in Hancock county, married Eunice Gardner and they have three children, Harold, Wilbur and Joicey; Robert B.; Edith is the wife of Raymond Higgins, a mechanic in Indianapolis, Ind.; Edna, Blanche and Levonne. Politically, Mr. Hardin is a staunch supporter of the Republican party, while his religious faith is that of the Wesleyan Methodist church.

CHARLES H. HARTON, who for thirty years or more has been engaged in business at Milroy, proprietor of a grocery and notion store, has been a resident of Rush county all his life. He was bore on a farm in Richland township on July 27, 1866, son of Joseph and Emily (Brooks) Harton, both of whom also were born in this county, members of pioneer families, and who were the parents of nine children, six of whom are still living, those besides the subject of this sketch being W. E., O. M., Margaret, Ida and Ollie. Reared on the home farm in Rushville and Anderson townships, Charles H. Harton received his schooling in the excellent schools of his home neighborhood and during the days of his boyhood was a valued assistant to his father in the labors of the farm. He became familiar with the butcher business and as a young man went to Rushville, where for two years he worked as a butcher. He then took up the confectionery line there and after a year in that line of trade located at Milroy. where he opened a confectionery store and also put in a small stock of groceries. That was about 1890. The business grew and in 1905 Mr. Harton bought the building in which he is now located, put in a larger stock of groceries, adding to his line a stock of general notions, and has since been engaged in business at that location and has done well, long having been recognized as one of the leading merchants of Milroy. His store room is 28 by 70 feet in dimensions and he carries a complete and well selected stock in the two lines. In 1892 Charles H. Harton was united in marriage to Myrtle Mansfield, who also was born in this county, daughter of Frank Mansfield, and to this" union one child has been born, a son, Russell Harton, who married Leona Thomas. Mr. Harton is a Republican and takes a proper interest in local political affairs. In his fraternal relations he is a member of the local lodge of the Knights of Pythias. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church and have ever taken an interested part in the work of the church, Mr. Harton being a member of the board of stewards of the same.

THOMAS HEATON, for nearly three-quarters of a century an honored resident of Rush county, and for the greater part of this time a successful agriculturist of Noble township, is widely and favorably known to the people of this community. He was born in Noble township, December 27, 1848, a son of Joseph and Elizabeth (Armstrong) Heaton, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the latter of Rush county. Joseph Heaton was three years old when he was brought from the Keystone state by his parents, John Heaton and wife, who settled in Rush county and entered land in Noble township, on which they spent the balance of their honorable and wellordered lives. Joseph Heaton grew to manhood in this community, where he followed in his father's footsteps and adopted farming as his life work, a vocation which he followed throughout his career, and in which he attained marked success, accumulating 305 acres. He and his wife were the parents of six children, of whom three are living: John, Thomas and Sanford. Thomas Heaton received his education in the public schools of Noble township, after leaving which he associated himself with his father in the cultivation of the homo place, and remained with the elder man until his marriage. He then struck out for himself, and for the next thirty years or more was occupied in farming as a renter. In 1900 he purchased the property on which he now resides, a tract of eighty acres, on which he carries on general farming and feeds out about fifty hogs annually. He is practical and progressive in his aims and methods, and is accounted one of the well-informed men of his locality, not alone upon the subject of farming, but along other lines. In politics Mr. Heaton is a Democrat, but has not sought political preferment or public office. He married Mary, daughter of William Willis, and they have two children: Thornton, who married Maud Benedict, and Myrtle, who married Ellis Culbertson and has two children, Helen and Bethel.

JOHN H. HEEB, of Noble township, is representative of the progressive agricultural element of Rush county. He was born in Fayette county, Indiana, April 19, 1863, a son of Philip P. and Julia A. (Thompson) Heeb, the latter a native of Rush county. Philip P. Heeb was born in Germany and was a child of seven years when brought to the United States, the family coming on out to Indiana and first settling in Franklin county. There the youth acquired his educational training in the country schools, but when he was fourteen years of age removed to the home of his brother-in-law at Orange. While residing there he became apprentice to the trade of wagon and buggy making, after mastering which he followed that vocation for a number of years. Later he turned his attention to farming near Glenwood, in Noble township, where he purchased 150 acres, and continued to carry operations thereon until his death in 1904. He was a man of industry and good judgment, and a citizen who had the respect and esteem of those among whom he spent his life. He and his worthy wife, who was a native of Rush county, were the parents of three children: John H., Walter S. and Elizabeth Mertie, who married Oscar Churchill, who is deceased. John H. Heeb acquired his educational training in the public schools of Orange, Ind., and Noble township, and on leaving school applied himself to learning all the particulars of the business of farming, under the able direction of his father. He remained with the elder man until the time of his marriage, when he embarked upon operations on his own account, taking over the ownership, with his wife, of his present farm of sixty-five acres, located in Noble township. Mr. Heeb is a general farmer and a grower of live stock, in both of which departments he has made a success. On December 22, 1886, he was united in mar riage to Elizabeth, daughter of Isaac J. and Elizabeth (Gregg) Harrell, and to this union there have been born three children: Bon W., who married Lula Pullman and has three children, Newell W., Mary Elizabeth and Helen B.; Earl, who married Olive Stevens and has one child, Ruth Lorene, and Hazel T., who married Ed. F. Moore and has one child, 'William Wallace. Mrs. Heeb was born on the property on which she is now making her home, her parents being respectively natives of Harrison, Ind., and Rush county. Isaac J. Harrell. came to Rush county in young manhood and engaged in farming, and here resided the rest of his life. He married Elizabeth Gregg, daughter of Judge John Gregg, who came to Rush county at an early day from Kentucky and entered land in Noble township from the Government, on which he erected a log cabin. He became widely and favorably known as a man of influence in his community. Two children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Harrell, Elizabeth and George. Mr. Heeb is a Democrat, but is not a politician. He and his wife are generous supporters af various movements, educational, religious and civic, and are held in high esteem in the community in which thev have spent so many years.

WILLIAM J. HENLEY, former judge of the Appellate Court of Indiana and for many years a member of the bar of the Rush Circuit Court, now living at his old home at Carthage, this county, where he is the owner of valuable farming property, was born at Carthage on October 15, 1864, a son of Thomas W. and Hannah C. (Williams) Henley, natives of Greensboro, N. C. Elias Henley, father of Thomas W. Henley, was born in North Carolina and in 1827 brought his family to Indiana, settling on a part of the property on which his grandson, Judge Henley, now makes his home. He followed farming and was a man of influence in his community. Thomas W. Henley was a child when brought by his parents to Rush county, where his subsequent career was passed as a tiller of the soil. He was successful in his operations and at the time of his death was the owner of 600 acres of valuable land. He and his wife were the parents of six children, R. Edgar, Abbie J., Eunice, William J., Annie W. and Thomas B. (deceased). William J. Henley received his early schooling in the schools of Carthage, and after his graduation from the high school with the class of 1881 decided upon a career in the law. Accordingly, for two years he read law in the office of Mellete & Bundy, at New Castle, Ind., and when about twenty years of age went to Rushville, where he served for one year as deputy clerk of the court. At the age of twenty-one he formed a law partnership with Ben L. Smith, at Rushville, the firm being known as Smith & Henley. This association was dissolved after several years and Mr. Henley formed a connection with Lot E. Griffin, as Henley & Griffin. In 1896 Mr. Henley was elected to the office of Judge of the Indiana State Court of Appeals, representing the First district, the youngest man ever elected to that high office. After serving eight years on the bench. Judge Henley resigned, although he had been elected for a third term. In 1903 Judge Henley accepted the position of president and general counsel of the Chicago & Western Indiana railroad and retained that post for nine years, following which he went to Indianapolis and became a member of the law firm of Henley, Fenton & Joseph. He remained with this concern until 1917, when, acting upon the advice of his physician, he retired to the farm upon which he now makes his home at the southwest edge of Carthage. Judge Henley is a Republican and is a birthright member of the Carthage Meeting of Friends. He is a member of Phoenix Lodge, No. 62, Free and Accepted Masons, of Rushville, and Rushville Lodge No. 1307, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. In 1912 Judge Henley was united in marriage to Myrtle Robinson, who was born at Marion, Indiana, daughter of William A. and Anna Robinson, and to this union there has come one child, Mary Elizabeth, born on November 6, 1913. By a former marriage Judge Henley has three children: Mrs. Gladys Mauzy, of Rushville; William J., Jr., and June.

HON. ROWLAND H. HILL, of Carthage, state senator from this district and prominent among the men whose inherent ability, great industry, accurate forethought and sound and reliable judgment have added to the character, wealth and good government of Rush county, and more particularly of the community of Carthage, is a native Hoosier and has lived in this state all his life. Senator Hill was born in Hancock county, Indiana, June 5, 1878, son and only child of Samuel B. and Mary R. (Hadley) Hill, both also Hoosiers, the former a native of Wayne county and the latter of Hendricks county. For a number of years Samuel B. Hill was engaged in agricultural operations in Hancock county, but eventually came to Carthage, where, with his son, he was the owner and operator of a dry goods store for about twelve years. He stood high in business circles of his community, where he was recognized generally as a man of high principles, while as a citizen the manner in which he discharged his responsibilities left no doubt as to his public spirit. Rowland H. Hill was but a child when brought by his parents to Carthage, and his primary education Was acquired in the graded schools of that place. After graduating from the high school he pursued an academic course at Earlham College, and in 1898 became his father's partner in the conduct of a dry goods business at Carthage. This they carried on with success until 1908, when they sold out, and Rowland H. Hill at that time became a traveling salesman. He was a representative on the road for the Geddes-Brown Shoe Company, of Indianapolis, until 1914, when he returned to Carthage and purchased the grain elevator and coal yard which he now owns and operates. The elevator has a capacity of 5,000 bushels, and the coal yard is one which covers a large area. Both ventures have prospered greatly under the owner's capable and energetic management. In addition, Mr. Hill is the owner of a large and productive farm in Rush county and is an extensive dealer in hogs, buying and feeding off on an average of 2,000 each season. In business circles he is known as a man of the highest integrity and possesses in the fullest degree the esteem and respect, as well as the confidence, of his associates. He has for years been interested in public affairs and in 1920 was elected a member of the Indiana state Senate on the Republican ticket. His work in that body has been constructive and beneficial and has marked him as one of the working members. In October, 1900, Senator Hill was united in marriage to Verna Sutermeister, who was born at LaPorte, Ind., where she was reared and primarily educated, later pursuing a course at Earlkam College. She is a daughter of Constantine and Rachael (Denham) Sutermeister, the former a native of Scotland, and the latter of the state of Indiana, Mrs. Hill's parents being farming people throughout their lives. They had two children: Verna and an infant, deceased. Senator and Mrs. Hill are members of the Carthage Meeting of Friends. Senator Hill is well known in fraternal circles, being a Mason and Shriner, belonging to the lodge at Carthage and the Mystic Shrine at Indianapolis. He also holds membership in the Elks lodge of Rushville, the United Commercial Travelers and the Columbia Club of Indianapolis. During the World war period Senator Hill was one of the most active war workers of this locality and served as a member of the Rush County Council of Defense and as a director of the Red Cross Society of Rush county in its various drives.

DORA M. HILLIGOSS, a well known farmer of Rushville township, living on rural mail route No. 4 out of Rushville, was born in that township on August 22, 1863, son of Ira C. and Elizabeth (English) Hilligoss, both of whom were born, reared and educated in that same township. The father followed farming all his life in that locality and became the owner of 240 acres of land in Rushville and Walker townships. To him and his wife were born two children, the subject of this sketch and Joanna, who is deceased. Dora M. Hilligoss received his education in the Webb school, district No. 10, Rushville township, and thereafter he applied himself to work on the home farm up to the time of his marriage. He then engaged in farming on his own account on a farm of eighty acres which he had inherited from his father some time prior to his marriage. He also rented more land from his father-in-law. During the subsequent years he has been successful in his labors and is now, with his wife, the owner of 340 acres of land in Rush county. He and his son operate 206 acres of this land, the balance being rented out. Mr. Hilligoss carries on general farming operations and also gives some attention to the raising of live stock. His farm is well improved and is rated as one of the best farms in Rush county. On January 10, 1884, Mr. Hilligoss was married to Emma Ramsey, who was born in Anderson township, this .county, the daughter of Eugene and Ann M. (Tyler) Ramsey, the former a native of Cumberland Gap, Va., and the latter of Anderson township, this county. Mr. Ramsey came to Rush county in an early day and here spent the remainder of his days, being engaged in farming. He owned 160 acres of land in Anderson township. To him and wife were born two children, Emma (wife of the subject) and one who died in infancy. To Mr. and Mrs. Hilligoss have been born three children, Leona May, born August 13, 1885; Lavon Estel, December 11, 1886, who died on June 2, 1908, and Elsa Mivard, born on January 31, 1893. Leona May Hilligoss married Casper Johnson, son of Lafayette Johnson and a farmer of this county, and has three children, Viola Lavon, Chlorine Bernice and Dora Lafayette. Lavon Estel Hilligoss married Bert Osborn, son of L. B. Osborn, also a farmer of this county. To this union one child was born, a son, Lowell Marshall. Mrs. Osborn was a noted horsewoman and drove at many of the horse shows given in this section of Indiana. Elsa Mivard Hilligoss married Nellie Logan, daughter of Ora Logan, and is farming on the Hilligoss home place. He and his wife have two children, Lavon Estel and Harold Eugene. Mr. and Mrs. Hilligoss are earnest members of the Main Street Christian Church in Rushville. Mr. Hilligoss is a staunch supporter of the Democratic party, while, fraternally, he is a member of Ivy Lodge No. 27, Knights of Pythias, at Rushville, and Lodge No. 1307, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. Mrs. Hilligoss is a member of and holds official position in the Pythian Sisters. Since 1908 the Hilligoss family has been holding an annual reunion, the organization having been perfected by Mrs. Hilligoss and the late Levi Hilligoss, of Foley, Minn. Mrs. Dora M. Hilligoss is secretary of the association, and has been for ten years. In 1913 Levi Hilligoss published a history of the Hilligoss family, a profusely illustrated book of more than 200 pages.

EDWARD HOLMAN, an enterprising citizen and substantial agriculturist of Rush county, was born in Noble township on February 14, 1869, and is the son of Joseph and Martha (Wellman) Holman, the latter being also a native of Noble township. Joseph Holman was born in the state of New Jersey, the son of James and Frances Holman, who brought their fa*mily to Rush county in an early day, settling in Noble township. Here Joseph Holman grew to manhood and received his education in the common schools of this community. He followed the vocation of farming all his life and became the owner of 240 acres of good land. To him and his wife were born three children, Lot, John and Edward. Edward Holman was reared under the paternal roof and attended the schools of Noble township. After leaving school he worked on the home farm until his marriage, when he rented a part of his father's farm and cultivated that until his father's death, at which time the farm was divided and Mr. Holman received eighty acres of land. To the operation of this land he has since devoted himself and has met with a gratifying measure of success. He carries on general farming operations and also gives some attention to live stock, feeding about 150 hogs a year. He has put many permanent and substantial improvements on the farm, which is numbered among the good farm homes of this locality. Mr. Holman is energetic and a good manager and enjoys the respect and confidence of all who know him. In 1899 Mr. Holman was married to Frances Stark, the daughter of Henry and Amanda Stark. Mr. and Mrs. Holman are active members of the Methodist Protestant church at New Salem, and, politically, he gives staunch support to the Republican party.

ELMER HUTCHINSON, owner of a prosperous grain elevator at Arlington, was born in Posey township, this county, on August 31, 1873, and is the son of Robert and Margaret (Moore) Hutchinson, both of whom were natives of Indiana, the former of Franklin county and the latter of Rush county. Robert Hutchinson was educated in the state of Ohio, whither his parents had moved with their family when he was but a child. The subject's father subsequently came to Rush county, where he followed farming during the remainder of his life, becoming the owner of 160 acres of land and, later, he and his son, Elmer, became joint owners of 250 acres in this county. In 1885 Robert Hutchinson engaged in the grain business at Arlington, and remained so engaged up to the time of his death. From 1901 up to the time of his death he served as the secretary of the Arlington cemetery, which today stands as a monument to his personal interest and care. As a result of the persistent efforts on his part, this cemetery is generally acknowledged to be one of the most beautiful and best kept cemeteries in the state of Indiana, and in the accomplishment of this result Mr. Hutchinson earned the gratitude and appreciation of the entire community. Of the three children who were born to him and his first wife, Elmer is the only one now living. He married second Ida Ridenbaugh, and to this union one child, a daughter, Essie, was born. She died at the age of thirty-five years. Elmer Hutchinson received his educational training in the common schools of Posey township, and he also attended two courses, of ten weeks each, at the National Normal University, at Lebanon, Ohio. On the completion of his studies, Mr. Hutchinson became identified with the grain business at Arlington and on January 1, 1895, he entered into a partnership with his father in the grain business, a relation which was maintained until the death of his father, in 1911. He then continued the business alone until January 17, 1920, at which time his son, Ross M., become a partner of his father. Elmer Hutchinson is a good business man and has made a distinctive success of this business. He is also the owner of a good farm in this county, on which, however, he performs no personal work beyond a general oversight. He has taken an active part in the larger realms of business life and has become closely identified with the Grain Dealers' National Association, of which he is now a director, a member of the executive committee and for two years has been chairman of the appeals arbitration committee. In February, 1895, Elmer Hutchinson was married to Nellie Miller, who was born, reared and educated in Posey township, the daughter of Joseph and Mary (Davis) Miller. To Mr. and Mrs. Hutchinson was born a son, Ross M., born on May 24, 1896. Ross M. Hutchinson attended the Arlington public schools, including four years of high school, and then a year in the high school at Rushville, where he was graduated. He then entered Purdue University, but two years later he enlisted in the United States Marines, serving for twentysix months during the World war. In 1917 he married Dorothy Wright, who was born and reared in Rush county, and they have one child, Margaret, born on June 9, 1919. Mrs. Nellie Hutchinson died on April 1, 1898, and is buried in the Arlington cemetery. On August 28, 1898, Elmer Hutchinson was married to Bessie L. Rucker, a native of Posey township and the daughter of Henry L. and Susan A. (Siler) Rucker, both also natives of Rush county, and the former a successful merchant in Arlington. To Mr. and Mrs. Hutchinson have been born three children, namely: Lowell, born on January 28, 1901, now a student in Earlham College; Zelda, born September 11, 1906, now a student in the Arlington High School, and Glen, deceased. Politically, Mr. Hutchinson is independent, reserving the right to vote in accordance with the dictates of his own judgment, regardless of party lines. He is a member of the Christian church at Arlington, of which he is a trustee. Fraternally, he is a member of Phoenix Lodge, No. 62, Free and Accepted Masons, at Rushville; the commandery of Knights Templar at Rushville; Indianapolis Consistory of the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, and to Murat Temple, of the Ancient Arabic Order of Nobles of the Mystic shrine. He is also a member of the Columbia Club and the Board of Trade at Indianapolis. Personally, Mr. Hutchinson is companionable and genial, being a popular member of the various circles in which he moves, and because of his high character and business success he has won and holds the confidence and respect of the entire community.

CHARLES HUGO, one of Rushville's retired citizens, was born in Switzerland county, Indiana, August 1, 1849, the son of Charles and Charlotte (Banza) Hugo, both of whom came to this country from Germany prior to their marriage, settling in Cincinnati. Charles Hugo, Sr., worked in that city at his trade of plasterer for some time, moving to Vevay, Ind., where he continued in the same occupation. About the year 1855, he removed to Indianapolis where he remained until his death, which occurred in 1861. He and his wife were the parents of six children, of whom two are now living, Charles Hugo having a sister, Sophia, who married T. W. Brown and resides in Indianapolis. Charles Hugo, Jr., received his education in the excellent schools of Indianapolis, and when he finished took up teaming which he followed during the war. He then was engaged in carpentering and later was employed as a fireman on a switch engine on the Pan Handle route until 1873. He next was a member of the Indianapolis fire department for three years. Thereafter, he spent five years in the South, near San Antonio, Tex., but in 1882 he came to Rushville where he has since resided. For twenty-five years he was engaged actively in business in this city, at the end of that period selling out his business and retiring. He realized that a safe investment lay in land, and he put part of his earnings into a farm of 246 acres which lies in Jackson and Rushville townships, this county. He has greatly improved this property, taking great pride in the general appearance of his buildings and equipment. Mr. Hugo was married in 1886 to Emma Posey, a daughter of Harrison and Sarah (Gardner) Posey, and after her death married Fannie Posey, her sister. Mr. Hugo adheres to the tenets of the Methodist Episcopal church, in the cause of which he is an earnest worker, and in his political views is known as one of the strong supporters of the Republican party. Mrs. Hugo's father, Harrison Posey, was born in this county in 1825, a son of Armstead and Catherine (Miller) Posey, the former a native of Virginia and the latter of Ohio, who were married in the latter state and in the early '20s of the past century came to Indiana, locating in this county where they spent the remainder of their lives. Armstead Posey and his wife were the parents of nine children: Alfred, Louise, Eliza, Susan, May, William. John, Harrison, and one who died in infancy. Armstead Posey's father, Zephaniah Posey, who was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, spent his last days in this county, dying in 1826, and was buried in Hopewell cemetery. Harrison Posey grew up to the life of the farm in this county and became a successful farmer, at the time of his death being the owner of 400 acres in Rushville township. Harrison Posey's wife, Sarah Jane Gardner, was the daughter of Landon and Mary Gardner, the former one of the early farmers of Walker township, the owner of 900 acres of land. He was a Kentuckian by birth, and he and his wife were the parents of nine children, those besides Mrs. Posey having been Mary Ann, William, Amanda, Marion F., Robert, Emily, Louisa and Lucinda. Harrison Posey and wife had eight children, those besides Emma and Fannie being William A., Mrs. Louisa Wertz, James K. and Mrs. Minnie Moffett.

PERRY T. INNIS, president of the Milroy Bank at Milroy and long recognized as one of the most progressive and substantial business men of Rush county, has been a resident of this county all his life and has ever been interested in community betterment and advancement. He was born on a farm in Anderson township on January 12, 1855, son of William W. and Jennie (Buchanan) Innis, the former also a native of this county and the latter of Bourbon county, Kentucky, well known and influential residents of the Milroy neighborhood in their generation and whose last days were spent here. William W. Innis, who was the founder of the InnisPierce Furniture Company at Rushville and whose name ever will be inseparably associated with that concern, was born on a farm in Anderson township, son of Alexander and Christina (Kirkpatrick) Innis, the latter of whom also was born in Indiana, a member of one of the pioneer families of this region. Alexander Innis was a Pennsylvanian who left his home in the old Keystone state in the days of his young manhood and came to Indiana, locating in Rush county, where he married Christina Kirkpatrick and established his home on a farm in Anderson township, developing a fine piece of property there and there spending the rest of his life, a helpful factor in the development and prosperity of that community. He and his wife were the parents of six children, those besides William W. having been James, Andrew, Eliza, Ellen and Lucinda. Reared an a farm, William W. Innis for a time after starting out "for himself" was engaged in farming in his home township, but presently left the farm and moved to Rushville where he became engaged in the coal and lumber business, later becoming associated with William M. Pierce in the manufacture of furniture at Rushville under the firm name of the Innis-Pierce Furniture Company, built up an extensive plant and a fine business and was thus engaged the rest of his active life, one of the most influential factors in the development of the industrial activities of the city of Rushville. William W. Innis was for years an elder in the United Presbyterian church and he and his wife were ever concerned in community good works. They were the parents of five children, those besides the subject of this sketch being Elizabeth, Mary Ellen, Robert and Arie, the latter of whom died in infancy. Perry T. Innis " grew up'' on the home farm in Anderson township and supplemented the schooling obtained in the Milroy schools by a course in the old Richland Academy, after which he became engaged in farming on his father's place, later engaging in the same vocation on his own account and became the owner of a fine farm of 160 acres in the vicinity of Milroy on which he established his home and on which he was actively engaged in farming and live stock raising until his retirement from the farm to become engaged in banking. It was in 1904 that the Bank of Milroy was organized and at the first meeting of the stockholders for organization Mr. Innis was elected president of the institution, a position which he ever since has held and in the exercise of which office he has made himself a strong figure in the commercial life of this section of the state. In 1906 Mr. Innis moved from the farm to Milroy and shortly afterward began to give his whole time to the affairs of the bank and is still thus engaged, he and his associates having built up a strong and continually growing banking institution there. On January 1, 1878, Perry T. Innis was united in marriage to Flora Tompkins, daughter of G. W. and Eliza Tompkins, of this county, and to this union two children were born, sons both, Harry Innis, now a resident of Indianapolis, and Rex A. Innis, who married Mary Hammond and makes his home on a farm in Rushville township. Mrs. Flora Innis died on September 23, 1918. Mr. Innis is a member of the United Presbyterian church at Milroy, in the general activities of which congregation he has for years taken an earnest interest and has long served the congregation as a member of the church session. He is a Republican and in his fraternal relations is a Mason.

ALLEN JACKMAN, one of the best known and most substantial retired farmers of Anderson township, this county, now living at Milroy, where he has made his home for more than a quarter of a century, is a member of one of the old families of Rush county and has lived here all his life. He formerly and for years was engaged in cattle buying throughout this section and has a wide acquaintance hereabout. Mr. Jackman was born on the place on which he is now living in Milroy on May 6, 1849, son of John and Caroline (Tompkins) Jackman, the latter of whom was born in this county, member of one of the pioneer families of the Milroy neighborhood. John Jackman was a blacksmith who came over here from Franklin county and set up the first blacksmith shop in the then budding village of Milroy. He followed that trade there for several years and then bought a farm and thereafter devoted himself to farming and live stock raising, becoming the owner of a fine farm of 268 acres, and was long regarded as one of the most substantial residents of that section. He and his wife were the parents of six children, of whom but two are now living, Mr. Jackman having a sister, Bessie, wife of Oliver Smith. Reared at Milroy, Allen Jackman received his schooling in the little old log schoolhouse which served the village children in those days and as a lad became a valued assistant to his father in the labors of developing the home farm. He married at the age of twenty and then started farming on his own account, presently becoming the owner of a small farm, the acreage of which he gradually increased as his affairs prospered until he became the owner of a fine farm of 172 acres in Anderson township, which place he still owns, and there he remained, engaged in farming and cattle buying, until in 1893, when he retired from the active labors of the farm and moved to Milroy, resuming his home on the place where he was born, and has ever since resided there, he and his family being comfortably situated. It was on November 18, 1869, that Allen Jackman was united in marriage to Frances Winship, who also was born in Anderson township, this county, a member of one of the old families, and to this union two children have been born, Dora F., who married Nellie Patton and has one child, a son, Lawrence, and John, who married Mary Tompkins and has two children, Frank and Ned. Mrs. Jackman's parents, Jesse and Esther (Murphy) Winship, also were born in Rush county, their respective parents having been among the real pioneers of the county. Jesse Winship was a son of Jesse Winship, Sr., who was one o*f the early settlers of the Milroy neighborhood and a man of much influence hereabout in his generation, as is set out elsewhere in this volume, together with further details of the Winship family in this county. The younger Jesse Winship, father of Mrs. Jackman, became a substantial farmer, the owner of an excellent farm of 320 acres and also exercised a helpful influence upon the community in his generation. He and his wife were the parents of seven children, of whom but two are now living, Mrs. Jackman having a brother, James Winship. Mr. and Mrs. Jackman are members of the Christian church and Mr. Jackman has for years been an elder in the church, and for some years was treasurer of the board of trustees. He is an ardent Republican and has ever taken an interested part in local political affairs, but has not been an office seeker.

HARRIE JONES. There is no county in the United States that has won more fame for its fast harness horses than Rush, and few men have been here engaged in horse dealing and training who have won more far reaching renown than Harrie Jones, of Rushville. He was born in that city, August 23, 1872, the son of W. A. and Laura M. (Oglesby) Jones, both natives of Ohio, the former of Harrison, the latter of Sidney. When he was eighteen years of age, W. A. Jones came to Rush county, walking from his home in Harrison, and located at the county seat. His first employment was found in a restaurant where he worked for a short time at a small wage, leaving there to enter the boot and shoe business for a brief period. He then engaged in the hotel business, and bought the Windsor hotel in about 1870. This he conducted successfully for about three years, then selling out and going to Cincinnati where he bought the Galt House. After a little more than a year in that city, he returned to Rushville, buying the Windsor hotel again. However, he sold out in a short time to engage in the harness horse business. He then bought back the hotel and in addition a farm adjoining the city of Rushville, known as Riverside Park. Here he constructed a mile track and a racing stable where he trained and bred many of the finest speed horses in the country. For many years he gave an annual race meeting on his track, but in 1902 he retired from active racing interests to devote his entire time to the management of his 242 acre farm. Among the most notable of his horses were: "Florence M.," 2:22Vi, which won forty-nine out of fifty-three races in Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, Michigan, and Kentucky; "Raven Boy," 2:151/4, which held several track records over the country, and "Harrie Jones," 2:1814. William A. Jones was born in Dearborn county, Ohio, October 2, 1845, the seventh of thirteen children born to Thomas H. and Emily (Wilkins) Jones, who moved to Hamilton county, Ohio, settling near Harrison, where the boy's youth was spent on the farm. On May 5, 1869, he married Laura M. Oglesby, who was born on September 1, 1850, daughter of Jacob H. and Mary (Fielding) Oglesby, and to their union were born three children: Carrie, Harrie, and Freddie. Harrie Jones received his education in the public schools of Rushville, upon leaving which he engaged in the harness horse business with his father with whom he was associated until 1902, when he engaged in business for himself. He had one of the best equipped "plants" to be anywhere found, including a barn 300 feet long, every stall box 12x12, 210 acres of ground, good pasture for brood mares and colts and other attractive features. During the fall, winter, and spring he devoted his time to preparing horses and colts for the coming season's campaign, as well as preparing them for sales. He sold several animals for from $1,000 to $8,500, and among the list of horses he marked while racing and in his stable may be mentioned ."Alcyfras," 2:031/4, which held the world's record for mares on a half-mile track; "George Gano," 2:02; "Fay Richmond," 2:033,4; "Harry the Ghost," 2:04y2: "John Ward," 2:051/4: and ninety-six others in 2:20 and better, too numerous to be here enumerated. Mr. Jones raced on the Grand Circuit and the Great Western Circuit, and in 1907 had sixty-six horses in his care, and employed from twentyfive to thirty men on his place. In 1918, he retired from the harnesshorse game to devote his attention to farming, in which he is at present occupied, but in 1921 he became engaged in the horse business again. In 1895 Mr. Jones was united in marriage to Mayme Mauzy, a daughter of G. G. and Lydia (Wolf) Mauzy, and he and his wife are popular members of Rushville society. Fraternally, Mr. Jones holds membership in the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Knights of Pythias, in the affairs of which he takes an active interest. His political views incline him toward the Democratic party, which he supports.

SAMUEL D. JONES, a well known veteran of the Civil war, a retired merchant of Milroy and a substantial landowner, was born in Rush county and has lived here all his life, a period of seventynine years, during which time the most amazing changes have taken place in conditions and in the manner of doing things hereabout. Mr. Jones is a member of one of the county's pioneer families, his father having come over here from Ohio in 1823 with his family and settled on a farm in Anderson township, where he spent the remainder of his life, and thus Mr. Jones grew up well acquainted with pioneer conditions and has many interesting stories to tell of the way things were done in those days. He was born on April 29, 1842, son of Henry and Sarah (Cameron) Jones, both of whom were born in Clermont county, Ohio, members of pioneer families in that section of the Ohio river country, and who were the parents of ten children, of whom Samuel D. Jones now is the only survivor. Upon coming here Henry Jones entered a tract of eighty acres in Anderson township and there developed a good little farm, he and his wife spending their last days on that place. It was on that pioneer farm that Samuel D. Jones was reared, receiving his schooling in the somewhat primitive schools of the period. He was nineteen years of age when the Civil war broke out and it was not long thereafter when he enlisted his services in behalf of the Union cause and went to the front as a member of D Company, Sixty-eighth regiment. Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and with that gallant command served until he lost his right arm in the battle of Chickamauga, in September, 1863, and was also wounded in the left arm. On account of this shattering disability he was invalided home after spending some time in a military hospital and on June 29, 1864, received his honorable discharge on the ground of permanent disability. Mr. Jones had been attentive to his studies during his school days and confronted with a disability which rendered ineffectual the training he had received as a farmer he "brushed up" in his studies, prepared himself for teaching and was for some time after his return from the army engaged as a teacher in the schools of his home township. He then opened a store at Milroy, about the year 1866, and was for thirty-five years or more engaged there in the general merchandise business, continuing his mercantile operations until in 1909 when he sold his stock and retired from business. Since his.retirement Mr. Jones has continued to make his home at Milroy and has a very pleasant place there. Despite the shocking disability incurred in his war service Mr. Jones long ago passed that handicap and his diligence in business secured to him ample provision against the "evening time" of his life. In addition to his holdings in the county he is the owner of a farm of 320 acres in Texas and accounts himself well circumstanced for a man who has had to get along with but one arm for the past sixty years. Samuel D. Jones has been twice married. In 1872 he was united in marriage to Julia Kendall, who died leaving one child, a son, Frank. In 1880 Mr. Jones married Cynthia E. Aldridge, who also was born in this county, daughter of William Aldridge and wife, pioneers here, and to this union four children have been born, Laura, who married M. E. Able and has one child, a daughter, Margaret Ellen; Clifford, who is unmarried; Benjamin H., who married Letta Chambers and has three children, Helen, Samuel and Hoyt Dale, and Wilbur, who is unmarried. Mr. and Mrs. Jones are members of the Methodist church and have for years taken an interested part in local church work as well as in all neighborhood good works. In his political views Mr. Jones is an ardent Republican and has always given a good citizen's attention to local civic affairs, but has not been an office seeker. He is an active member of the local post of the Grand Army of the Republic and is also a member of the local lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows.

CHARLES H. KELSO, former member of the board of county commissioners, one of the best known and most highly esteemed citizens of Rush county, a venerable retired farmer of Richland township, who has done his full share in the development of his section of the county, which he has honored by his citizenship for more than a half century, has ever given his support to all measures for the public good and his name has been synonymous with honorable dealings in all the relations of life. Mr. Kelso is descended from an old pioneer family of Indiana, the Kelsos having located in Dearborn county as early as 1812, Kelso township in that county having been named in honor of this family, particularly for John Kelso, the subject's paternal grandfather. The subject's parents were Henry and Catherine (Carroll) Kelso, the former a native of Dearborn county and the latter born in Ireland. Henry Kelso was reared to manhood, secured his education and was married in Dearborn county. He followed farming and remained in that county until a few years prior to his death, from which time he made his home with his son, Charles H. He was a farmer during all his active years, ow:ning forty acres of land. He and his good wife died practically at the same time and were buried on the same day. They were the parents of eight children, of which number four are now living, Hester, Elizabeth, Mary and Charles H. Charles H. Kelso received his educational training in the common schools of Dearborn county and soon after completing his studies he enlisted in defense of his country, becoming a private in Company H, Eighty-third regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry, which became a part of the Fifteenth corps of the Army of the Tennessee. Mr. Kelso took part in many of the stirring campaigns and hotly-contested battles of that great struggle, in which he served nearly three years, being in the battles of Chickasaw Bluff, Arkansas Post, Vicksburg, Jackson. Missionary Ridge and other noted battles, and then was captured at Atlanta, Ga., and was confined in the notorious prison pens at Florence and Andersonville from August 1, 1864, to December, 1865. On his release, he received an honorable discharge and returned home. During jhe following two years Mr. Kelso was engaged in teaching school in Dearborn county, but in 1867 he came to Rush county and for a time was employed as a farm hand. He then rented farm land, which he operated up to 1884, when he bought the place on which he now lives, his first purchase comprising eighty acres, to which he later added until his holdings now amount to 142 acres, in Richland township. He here carried on general farming and stock raising up to the time of his retirement in 1915, since when he has rested from his labors in quiet enjoyment of the fruits of his former toil, his farm being now rented. Charles H. Kelso was married to Mary E. King, the daughter of Charles and Alvira King, and they had ten children, seven of whom are now living, namely: Kenneth, who married Ella Barber and has two children, Fred and William; Fred, who married Jessie Krammes, and has three children, Lewis, Max E. and Louise; Charles, who married Catherine McKee and has one child, Mary Alice; Seth C., who married Mrs. Effie Hill and has one child, Easter Mary; James P., who married Ethel Simonson and has two children, Celia and Elmer; John M., who married Cornelia Inman; Thomas G., who married Blanche Hildreth and has three children, Carter, Alma and Hubert, and Rayburn, who married Amy Harget and has one child, Robert Charles. Mr. Kelso has been a life-long supporter of the Republican party. He is a member of the Free and Accepted Masons and of the Grand Army of the Republic. He and his wife are earnest members of the Christian church, at Andersonville, of which Mr. Kelso is an elder. Quiet and unassuming in disposition, Mr. Kelso's life of over a half century in this community has been such as to gain for him the universal confidence and esteem of all who know him. In 1904 he was elected a member of the board of county commissioners from his district and by re-election served the public in that important capacity until 1911.

R. O. KENNEDY, M. D., although one of the latest additions to the medical fraternity of Rushville, has already made remarkable progress in gaining the confidence and support of the citizens of the community. He was born March 28, 1879, in Hendricks county, Indiana, on a farm south of Lizton, the son of R. E. and Susan (Overstreet) Kennedy, the former of near Paris, Ky., the latter of Hendricks county. R. E. Kennedy moved to Hendricks county when he was four years old with his parents. There he received his education in the public schools and grew to manhood. For his entire active life he followed agricultural sursuits, moving to Lizton when he retired. Jacob Kennedy, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was one of the pioneers of Hendricks county and became known as a prominent nursery man and breeder of thoroughbred Berkshire hogs, Shropshire sheep, and Percheron horses. R. E. Kennedy and wife were the parents of three children: Elmer W., R. O., and Vangie. Dr. R. O. Kennedy attended the public schools of Hendricks county and was graduated with the first class to receive diplomas from the Lizton high school. He then took up the profession of teaching, continuing in it for nine years and augmenting his learning by attendance at the Central Normal School at Danville, Ind., and the Indiana State Normal at Terre Haute. However, after mature reflection and careful observation, he decided upon a career as a doctor of medicine, toward which he had always felt an attrac tion. Accordingly he attended Indiana Medical College at Indianapolis where he found his long years of teaching and study a decided advantage. He was graduated in 1913 with his M. D. degree, and immediately thereafter located in the town of Milroy, this county. During the seven years of his practice there he made a host of warm friends, who had every confidence in his ability. Believing that Rushville presents a larger field for his endeavors, Doctor Kennedy moved to the latter place in May, 1920, and has established himself in an increasingly more profitable practice. He married Pearl Edith Thompson, a daughter of A. M. and Amanda Thompson, and they are the parents of one child, a daughter, Rowena Winnifred. Doctor Kennedy is a worker in the Christian church, and politically is found in the ranks of the Republican party. He is also well known in fraternal and professional organizations, being a member of Masonic bodies up to and including the Scottish Rite and Shrine. He also is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and the Knights of Pythias. He is affiliated with the American; state and county medical association.

FREDERICK KESSLER, a retired farmer and substantial citizen of Walker township, was born in Germany, March 29, 1850, a son of Frederick and Barbara (Nicholas) Kessler. They had eleven children, the two survivors of the family being Mike and Frederick. The parents spent their lives in Germany where the father followed the wagon-making trade. Frederick Kessler, the younger, remained in his native land until he was twenty years old, going to school in boyhood and later helping his father. He was determined, however, to emigrate to the United States and took advantage of the first opportunity that came his way to secure passage across the Atlantic. After being safely landed in the port of New York, he made his way to Shelbyville, Ind., where an acquaintance by the name of John Leafes was established in the drug business, with whom he remained for seven weeks, going then to Cincinnati, where he secured a position in a bakery and remained there eight months. At this time sickness fell upon him and he returned to his friend in Shelbyville. When ready to begin work again, he went on a farm and for the next four years worked as a farm hand for Andrew Kuhn and later for Daniel Kuhn. In 1876 he married and began farming on his own account and for the next sixteen years rented land in Rush county, then bought his first piece, a tract of eight acres. This was his beginning in the acquirement of a large and valuable estate, Mr. Kessler now owning 450 acres of land all in one body. For many years he carried on general farming and stockraising, each year feeding two car loads of hogs. When he felt ready to retire from active work on the farm he found no difficulty as he has strong, sturdy and capable sons who are now very successfully carrying on the various industries. April 12, 1876, Frederick Kessler married Elizabeth Hatchel, who was born in Germany, daughter of Christian and Salome (Bair) Hatchel, and who died on July 8, 1912. Mr. Kessler and his wife had eleven children, nine of whom are living: Sarah, Mary, Elizabeth, ( arrie, John, Jacob, Edward, Frank, Michael, Frederick and William. Elizabeth married Cary McKay, a farmer in Rush county, and they have four children, Mary, Nella, Dorothy and Thelma. Carrie, who died on October 12, 1918, was the wife of Walter Melser, a farmer in Rush county, and left two children, Mary and Robert. John, who is a farmer in Rush county, married Berta Bebout, who died August 8, 1917, leaving two sons, Harold and Herman, the latter of whom died February 10, 1918. Edward, who is a farmer in Walker township, Rush county, married Nora Thebold, and they have one son, Raymond. Frank, who is also a farmer in Walker township, married Laura Shower, and they have one child, Masella A. William, who is a farmer in Decatur county, married a Miss Melser. Frederick, the youngest of the family, was an overseas soldier in the World war, a member of the second company in the sixth provisional advance department, when he was stricken with influenza and died from this malady, far from home and kindred. He was a member of the Red Men. Mr. Kessler is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church at Manilla. In politics he is a Republican and has always been a useful citizen, well known over the county and a member of the Masonic lodge at Manilla.

JOSEPH B. KINSINGER, D. O., city health officer at Rushville and one of the best known osteopath physicians in Indiana, is a native of Iowa, but has been a resident of Indiana long enough to feel thoroughly adjusted to his Hoosier environment and to enjoy the same very much indeed. He was born on July 9, 1868, son of Daniel and Mary (Miller) Kinsinger, the latter of whom was a native of the Dominion of Canada. Daniel Kinsinger was born in Germany but came to America at the age of fourteen years. He grew to manhood in the state of Iowa and there became successfully engaged in farming. He and his wife were the parents of eleven children, all of whom are still living save one, Daniel; the others, besides the subject of this biographical narrative, being Phoebe, Christopher, William, John, Michael, Edward, Anna, Katherine and Rebecca. Reared on a farm in Iowa, Doctor Kinsinger supplemented the schooling he received in the common schools by a course of two years at the Southern Iowa State Normal School and two years at Drake University, majoring in pharmacy, and for six years thereafter was engaged in the practice of pharmacy at Bloomfield, Iowa. In the meantime his attention had been powerfully attracted to the practice of human healing as exemplified by the osteopathic school and he presently entered the American School of Osteopathy at Kirksville, Mo., from which he was graduated after a four years' course. Thus admirably equipped for the practice of the profession to which he had devoted his talents Doctor Kinsinger opened an office at St. Joseph, Mo., but after six months of residence there determined to seek a wider field and in pursuit of this determination came to Indiana and located at Indianapolis. A year later he moved to Rushville, opened an office there and has ever since been engaged in practice at that place, where he has done very well. The Doctor is a Republican and has been serving as city health officer since 1917. In 1897, at Kirksville, Mo., Dr. Joseph B. Kinsinger was united in marriage to Belle Houser, who was born at that place, and to this union have been born three children, Brenda and Marion, who are now (1921) students in the Rushville high school, and Richard, who died at the age of nine years. Doctor and Mrs. Kinsinger are members of the Christian church and take a proper interest in church work as well as in the general social activities of their home town, helpful in promoting all local movements having to do with the advancement of the common good. The Doctov is a member of the American Osteopathic Association and of the Indiana Society of Osteopathy and in the activities of both these professional organizations takes a warm interest. Fraternally, he is a York Rite Mason, past eminent commander of Rushville Commandery, No. 49, Knights Templar, and is also a member of the local lodges of the Knights of Pythias and of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks.

JACOB H. KNEY, a well known general farmer in Walker township, was born in that township on June 19, 1864, a son of Michael and Margaret (Wissing) Kney. His parents were born in Germany and both came to the United States when young. Of their family of seven children the following are living: Minnie, Louise. Emma, Rosa and Jacob H. Jacob H. Kney lived on the home farm until his marriage, attending district school No. 5 in boyhood and afterward helping his father with the farm industries. After marriage Mr. Kney rented land from his father and operated it for himself, and when his father died he inherited forty acres. Shortly afterward he bought the forty acres adjoining and since then has added until he now has 100 acres of fine land. He carries on general farming and raises some stock. September 27, 1888, Mr. Kney married Ella Branson, born in Shelby county, daughter of James B. and Elizabeth Branson. The father of Mrs. Kney was born in South Carolina and the mother in Kentucky. They had nine children, five of whom are living: Robert, Lawrence, Augusta, Anna and Ella. Mr. and Mrs. Kney have two children: Earl and Lavanche. The family are members of the Christian church at Manilla. In politics Mr. Kney is a Democrat.

PETER KUNTZ, for many years a highly respected citizen and prosperous farmer in Walker township, this county, was born in that township on July 4, 1861, and died on his farm there on July 19, 1910. He was a son of Frederick and Elizabeth (Weber) Kuntz, both of whom were born in Germany and who came to the United States in youth and were married at Cincinnati. Frederick Kuntz was a well known farmer in Rush county and owned 176 acres of fine land in Walker township. Peter Kuntz with his brothers attended school in district No. 3, Walker township, after which he faithfully assisted his father on the home farm until his own marriage. He rented land from his father at first and later received from him the forty-two acres on which Mrs. Peter Kuntz now resides. Mr. Kuntz operated this farm very profitably, growing grain and produce and also raising stock. It was in August, 1894, that he married Anna (Porten) Brooks, who was born in Decatur county, Indiana, daughter of Henry and Mary (Mack) Porten. The father of Mrs. Kuntz was a stonemason by trade. Her parents had five children and she is one of the three survivors, having one sister, Mary, and one brother, Nicholas. Mr. and Mrs. Kuntz had one child, Frank, who died when nineteen years old. Mr. Kuntz was a member of the Lutheran church in Shelby county. He belonged to the order of Red Men and attended lodge at Arlington, where he was well known and had many friends. He was never willing to accept a political office but was always a staunch member of the Democratic party. By a former marriage Mrs. Kuntz had one son, Albert Harry, who died at Columbus, Ohio, barracks, having joined the army in 1913, passing away shortly thereafter.

JESSE A. LEISURE, who occupied a prominent place in the esteem of the people of his section of the county, not only because of his business success, but because of his sterling qualities of character, is a worthy representative of one of the excellent old families of the county, members of which have figured more or less prominently in the affairs of the community, and this review of his career in connection with other representative citizens of Rush county therefore is timely. Jesse A. Leisure is a native son of Rush county, having been born in Ripley township on December 29, 1858. He is the son of John and Jane (Green) Leisure, both of whom also were born and reared in Rush, county, the father in Posey township and the mother in Ripley township. John Leisure followed farming throughout his active life and was successful in his business affairs, becoming the owner of 1,120 acres of land in Ripley township. To him and his wife were born four children, of whom three are living, namely, Sarah L., Cora A. and Jesse A. The subject received his educational training in the Ernest school in Ripley township, and after finishing his studies he went to work for his father on the home farm. Two years later he was married and then began farming on his own account. Going to Jackson township, he bought 160 acres of land, which he operated for four years, and then sold that and moved to his present location in that same township, buying 330 acres. Persistent industry and good management characterized his efforts and as he prospered he increased his land holdings until he became the owner of 1,400 acres of excellent farm land. However, he has since given 460 acres of land to his two sons, so that his present holdings amount to 940 acres. Mr. Leisure cultivates practically the entire place, carrying on a general line of farming, and in connection he raises considerable live stock, marketing about 500 head of hogs and about 100 head of cattle each year. The improvements on his farm are all of a permanent, substantial and attractive character, the general appearance of the place indicating the owner to be a man of good taste and sound judgment. On October 20, 3881, Jesse A. Leisure was married to Hannah J. Gilson, a native of Center township, Rush county, and the daughter of John M. and Sophrona (Fry) Gilson, both of whom also were born and reared in Rush county, Mr. Gilson having been a successful farmer in Center township. Mr. and Mrs. Leisure have two children, Harry R. and Orville G. Harry R. Leisure, who is engaged in farming in Ripley township, married Effie Linville and to them have been born six children, of whom four are living, Mabel M., George, Harry, Jr., and Eugene. Orville G. Leisure, who farms in Jackson township, married Mabel Linville, and of the three children born to them, two are living, Jesse S. and Edith L. Politically, Mr. Leisure has always been a stanch supporter of the Democratic party and has taken a keen and intelligent interest in public affairs, especially as relating to his own county and community, invariably giving his earnest support to every movement for the advancement of the general welfare. He is an active member of the Church of Christ at Little Blue River and has been an elder in this church for twenty-five years. He is counted one of the leaders in thought and action in his community and enjoys to a marked degree the confidence and respect of all who know him.

HENRY V. LOGAN, M. D., a well known physician of Rushville, who served during the period of America's participation in the world war as first lieutenant stationed at Ft. Riley, Kans., is a native son of Rush county, a member of one of the county's old families, and has lived here all his life. He was born on a farm in Noble township on February 4, 1873, son of Samuel H. and Martha A. (McKee) Logan, both also born in this county and the latter of whom is still living. Samuel H. Logan also was born in Noble township, son of James and Elizabeth Logan, the former of whom was a native of Ireland who had come to this country with his parents when a boy and who, as a young man, acquired a quarter of a section of land in Noble township, this county, where he established his home and where he and his wife spent their last days, honored pioneers of that community. James Logan and wife were the parents of eight children, Thomas, John, Oliver, Warder, Samuel, Jonas, Alice and Abigail, and as most of these remained in this county the Logan connection hereabout in this generation is a no inconsiderable one. Samuel H. Logan completed his schooling in the old Richland Academy and as a young man began farming on his own farm of 160 acres in Richland township, continuing there for five years, at the end of which time he bought the old George Street homestead place of 260 acres, where he established his permanent home and where he spent the'remainder of his life, his death occuring in 1918. Samuel H. Logan and wife were the parents of four children, three of whom are living, the Doctor, his brother, Wilbur Logan, and his sister, Mary E. Logan, who for the past thirty years has been engaged as a missionary in India, acting under the direction of the Presbyterian board of missions. The other son, James Walter Logan, died at the age of twenty-three years in 1902. Wilbur Logan is still living on the old home place in Noble township. He married Nellie Wilson, daughter of John and Nora Wilson, of that township, and has two sons, Alfred and Russell, the former of whom is married and is living on the home place. Doctor Logan was reared on the home farm in Noble township, receiving his early schooling in the excellent schools of that neighborhood and early turned his attention to the study of medicine. He completed his studies in the medical college of Indiana University and upon receiving his degree opened an office for the practice of his profession in the pleasant village of New Salem. That was in 1897 and Doctor Logan remained there for thirteen years, or until 1910 when he moved to Rushville, where he opened an office and where he has ever since been engaged in practice. Following the entrance of the United States into the World war against Teutonic arrogance in 1917 Doctor Logan enlisted his services in the medical corps of the national army, was commis sioned a first lieutenant and was assigned to duty in connection with the operations of the base hospital, located at Ft. Riley, Kans. In 1896 Dr. Henry V. Logan was united in marriage to Bertha Carney, who also was born in this county, daughter of William and Sarah (Guffin) Carney, of Noble township, and to this union three children have been born, but one of whom is living, Olive Leuise, born in 1909. Doctor and Mrs. Logan are members of the Christian church and have ever taken an interested part in church affairs as well as in the general social affairs of their home community. The Doctor is a Democrat and has ever given a good citizen's attention to local civic affairs. Fraternally, he is affiliated with the local lodges of the Masons, the Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias at Rushville and takes a proper interest in the affairs of these organizations. FRANK M. COFFIN, who was for many years a resident of Carthage, where he was identified with commercial affairs, and who for eight years was engaged in engineering work on forts for the United States Government, was born in Shelby county, Indiana, March 31, 1855, a son of Elihu and Nancy (Jessup) Coffin, natives of North Carolina. Not long after their marriage, the parents of Mr. Coffin removed to Shelby county, Indiana, later to Hancock county, where they rounded out long and honorable careers in the pursuits of farming, and where both passed away. Frank M. Coffin was educated in the public schools of Shelby county and remained on the home farm with his father until he reached the age of twenty years, when, in 1875, he went to Carthage, this county, and became a salesman in the grocery of a brother, E. T. Coffin. From that time forward until his death, which occurred on May 21, 1912, he was connected with business affairs there, particularly pertaining to the grocery business, and established a substantial reputation for integrity and high business principles. He was a Scottish Rite Mason and a Republican in politics, and his religious faith was that of the Friends, the Meeting of which he attended at Carthage. On May 24, 1883, Mr. Coffin was united in marriage to Ella J. Cox, who was born at Carthage, and who after completing her early education here in the public schools attended DePauw University. She is a daughter of Rice P. and Eunice (Henley) Cox, natives of Carthage. One child was born to Mr. and Mrs. Coffin, Hazel E., the wife of L. Douglas Cooper, a farmer of Ripley township, this county.

JESSE LOGAN, one of the substantial retired farmers of Rush county now living at Rushville, is a native son of this county, a member of one of the pioneer families, and has lived here all his life. He was born in Richland township, son of James W. and Hester (Wellman) Logan, the former of whom was the fourth son of James and Elizabeth (Mann) Logan, early residents of Richland township James Logan was born in Ireland and was but a lad when he came to this country with his parents. As a young man seeking to make a home for himself he came to Rush county and acquired the original land grant for the tract where now stands the Logan homestead place in Noble township. There he and his wife reared their family and spent the remainder of their lives, helpful citizens of that community. James W. Logan was born and reared on the old home place in Noble township and remained there helpful in the work of developing the place until after his marriage, when he bought a farm of 165 acres in Richland township and there established his home and developed an excellent piece of property. He and his wife (Hester Wellman) were the parents of three sons, the subject of this sketch having two brothers, Thomas W. and Edgar E. Logan. Jesse Logan was reared on the home farm in Richland township, receiving his schooling in the district school in the neighborhood of his home, and as a young man continued to make his home there, farming the place for his lather who presently gave him a farm of 178 acres in Richland and Noble townships, and after his marriage he established his home there. He did well in his farming and as his affairs prospered he added to his land holdings until he became the owner of 235 acres, which he continued to operate until his retirement from the farm in August, 1920, and removal to Rushville, where he and his wife are now living, very pleasantly situated at 223 West Third street. In 1903 Jesse Logan was united in marriage to Anna May Ralston, who also was born in this county, a member of one of the old families of the county. Mrs. Logan is a daughter of Elias V. and Mary (McCorkle) Ralston, the former of whom was a son of William and Nancy Ralston, who came to this county from Ohio in pioneer days. Mary McCorkle was the daughter of James and Ann (Cowan) McCorkle, the former of whom came to this county from Fleming county, Kentucky, in 1823 and entered a tract of land in Anderson township, the farm now owned by William Davis. James and Ann McCorkle had three children, those besides Mrs. Logan's mother being David M., who is still living, and Pressley McCorkle, who died in the service of the Union while serving as a member of I Company, Sixty-eighth regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry, during the Civil war. Elias V. and Mary (McCorkle) Ralston were the parents of five children, those besides Mrs. Logan being Mrs. Mary E. Miller, Mrs. Hattie O. Noah, Mrs. Zella P. Johnston and Carl R. (deceased).

THOMAS W. LOGAN, in whom the business of general farming and stock raising, under the favorable conditions offered in Richland township, has an enthusiastic and successful follower, is a member of a family which has been represented in agriculture in Rush county for many years. Mr. Logan was born in Richland township on October 10, 1863, a son of James W. and Hester (Welman) Logan, also natives of this county. James W. Logan received his education in the public schools, and upon entering upon his independent career chose as his life vocation the occupation of farming, which he followed with much success, at one time being the owner of 871 acres, all located within the boundaries of the county. He was a man of thrift and industry, qualities which he had inherited from his parents, James and Elizabeth Logan, natives of Scotland, who had emigrated to Noble township, Rush county, at an early date, being married soon thereafter. James Logan entered 160 acres of land from the Government at the time of his arrival, and he and his wife completed useful and honorable careers here. James W. Logan was not only a man of prominence because of his material success, but because of his recognized qualities of integrity and public spirit, which caused his fellow citizens to elect him township trustee two terms. He and his wife were the parents of three children, Thomas W., Edgar E. and Jesse. The educational advantages of Thomas W. Logan were acquired in the district schools of Richland township, after leaving which he took up farming and remained as his father's associate on the home place for nearly four years. He was then married and commenced farming on a part of his present property, in the same township, and to this he has added from time to time until he now has 225 acres. Mr. Logan is engaged in general farming and stock raising, shipping about 150 hogs annually. He is intelligent, progressive and enterprising in his methods and the success which has attended his efforts is the direct result of his own efforts. On March 15, 1898, Mr. Logan married Leah Ella, daughter of Mahlon and Caroline Brooks, and they have one child, Clifton Warder, who resides with his parents on the home farm and acts as his father's assistant. The family is affiliated with the Methodist Protestant church at New Salem and Mr. Logan takes an active part in the work thereof, being steward and treasurer of the church and treasurer of the Sunday school. He is a Democrat. Mrs. Logan was born in Richland township, her parents having settled there upon coming over into this country from Franklin county. Mahlon Brooks, her father, was a substantial farmer and the owner of a quarter of a section of land. He was twice married and by his first marriage had one child, a daughter, Emily. By his second wife, Caroline, he had three daughters, Mrs. Logan and her sisters, Eva and Cora. The Brookses were members of the Methodist Episcopal church.

Centennial history of Rush County, Indiana, Volume 2 By Abraham Lincoln Gary, Ernest B. Thomas