Adair County residents included:
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· Thomas Bramlett (Governor, 1863-1867)
· Colonel Frank Wolford (American Civil War, Union Army)
· James R. Hindman (Lt. Governor, 1883-1887)
· Colonel William Casey (for which neighboring Casey County, Kentucky was later named)
· Jane Lampton Clements (mother of Mark Twain)
· Janice Holt Giles (noted 20th century author)
· Jesse James (famous 19th century bank robber)
· Robert Porter Caldwell (1821-1885), United States Congressman, was born in Adair County
· William Palmer Jones (1819-1897), born
