
Greatest Maritime Ship Disasters
(in Peacetime)
The sinking of the RMS Titanic in 1912 is probably the most famous shipwreck.
The wartime sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff during World War II, with an estimated loss of about 9,300 people in
1945 remains the greatest maritime disaster ever.
In peacetime, the loss of the Doña Paz with an estimated 4,386 lost is the largest non-military loss recorded
from a single ship.
|
Ship Name |
Registry |
Date of Event |
Facts |
Est. # of Dead |
Est. # of Survivors |
Other Info |
|
MV Doña Paz |
Philippines |
20 December 1987 |
Collided with the oil tanker Vector |
est. 4,341 |
|
|
|
SS Kiangya |
China |
4 December 1948 |
Thought to have hit a mine, it blew up and sank in the mouth of the Huangpu River fifty miles south of Shanghai |
between 2,750 and 3,920 |
700 to 1,000 |
|
|
SS Mont-Blanc |
Canada |
6 December 1917 |
Filled with wartime explosives, it collided with the Norwegian ship Imo in Halifax, Nova Scotia |
c. 2000 |
9,000 injured |
|
|
Le Joola |
Senegal |
26 September 2002 |
overloaded with passengers, it capsized in rough seas |
est. 1863 |
|
|
|
Tek Sing |
China |
6 February 1822 |
Filled with Chinese immigrants, it struck a reef near Indonesia |
est. 1600 |
208 |
|
|
Toya Maru |
Japan |
26 September 1954 |
sank during Typhoon Marie in the Tsugaru Strait between the Japanese islands of Hokkaido and Honshu |
est. 1153 |
|
|
|
Al Salam Boccaccio 98 |
Egypt |
3 February 2006 |
sank in the Red Sea en route from Duba, Saudi Arabia to Safaga in southern Egypt |
1,020 |
388 |
|
|
RMS Empress of Ireland |
Canada |
29 May 1914 |
sank after colliding with SS Storstad on the Saint Lawrence River |
1,012 |
|
|
|
SS General Slocum |
United States |
15 June 1904 |
aught fire and burned to the water line in New York's East River |
1,000+ |
|
|
|
SS Kiche Maru |
Japan |
22 September 1912 |
Sank during a typhoon in the Pacific Ocean |
1,000+ |
|
|
|
SS Hong Moh |
Singapore |
3 March 1921 |
struck the White Rocks near Shantou on the southern coast of China |
about 1,000 |
100 |
|
|
MS Estonia |
Estonia |
28 September 1994 |
sank in rough water on the Baltic Sea |
852 |
|
aka |
|
SS Eastland |
U.S. |
24 July 1915 |
rolled over while moored to the dock in the Chicago River |
845 |
|
Read more on our Cook county site |
|
HMS Vanguard |
U.K. |
9 July 1917 |
Explosion |
843 |
2 |
|
|
MV Bukoba |
Tanzania |
21 May 1996 |
Lake Victoria |
est 800 |
|
manifest showed 443 1st & 2nd class... 3rd class had no manifest |
|
MV Princess of the Stars |
Philippines |
21 June 2008 |
capsized and sank in Typhoon Fengshen off the coast of San Fernando, Romblon in the Philippines |
814 |
48 |
|
|
HMS Bulwark |
Great Britain |
26 November 1914 |
explosion while moored in Kethole Reach |
738 |
12 |
|
|
SS Camorta |
Great Britain |
6 May 1902 |
Sank in a Cyclone in the Irrwaddy Delta |
737 |
|
|
|
SS Mendi |
Great Britain |
21 February 1917 |
Struck by SS Darro while transporting the 5th Battalion, South African Native labour Corps to France |
646 |
177 |
|
|
SS Norge |
Denmark |
28 June 1904 |
ran aground near Rockall on St. Helen's Reef |
635 |
160 |
|
|
Novorossiysk |
Soviet Union |
29 October 1955 |
Exploded while moored in Sevastopol Bay |
608 |
|
|
|
Shamia |
Bangladesh |
27 May 1986 |
capsized and sank during a storm on the Meghna River in southern Barisa, Bangladesh |
est. 600 |
|
|
|
SS Princess Alice |
Great Britain |
3 September 1878 |
The Bywell Castle collided with the Princess Alice off Tripcock Point. The Princess Alice broke in two and sank within four minutes |
est. 600 |
69-170 |
|
|
SS Grandcamp |
U.S. |
16 April 1947 |
caught fire and exploded dockside while being loaded with ammonium nitrate at Texas City, Texas |
est. 581 |
|
5,000 injured |
|
SS La Bourgogne |
France |
7 March 1898 |
Collided in dense fog with the British ship Cromartyshire off Cape Sable, Nova Scotia |
549 |
177 |
|
|
Ertugrul |
Ottoman Empire |
18 September 1890 |
struck a reef and sank during a typhoon off Kushimoto, Japan |
533 |
|
|
|
HMS Sussex |
Great Britain |
1 March 1694 |
Lost in a storm off of Gibraltar |
498 |
2 |
|
|
SS Valbanera |
Spain |
September 1919 |
Sank in the Gulf of Mexico 45 miles west of Key West, Florida during a hurricane |
488 |
0 |
|
|
HMS Captain |
Great Britain |
7 September 1870 |
capsized and sank in high winds on the Atlantic Ocean |
480 |
18 |
|
|
Cospatrick |
Great Britai |
17 November 1874 |
caught fire south of the Cape of Good Hope |
469 |
3 |
|
|
MV Salahuddin-2 |
Bangladesh |
3 May 2002 |
sunk in the Meghna River south of Dhaka, Bangladesh |
450 |
|
|
|
SS Central America |
U.S. |
9 September 1857. |
Sank off the Carolinas during a hurricane |
425 |
153 |
|
|
SS Admiral Nakhimov |
Soviet Union |
31 August 1986 |
collided with the large bulk carrier Pyotr Vasyov in the Tsemes Bay, near the port of Novorossiysk, Russian SFSR |
423 |
811 |
|
|
Cataraqui |
Great Britain |
4 August 1845 |
struck a reef south-west of King Island,Tasmania |
400 |
9 |
|
|
MV Nasrin-1 |
Bangladesh |
8 July 2003 |
capsized and sank in the Meghna River near Chandpur, Bangladesh |
400+ |
|
|
|
Lady Elgin |
U.S. |
8 September, 1860 |
Sunk in a collision with schooner Augusta of Oswego 10 miles from shore off of Chicago on Lake Michigan |
about 400 |
|
|
|
HMS Invincible |
Great Britain |
16 March 1801 |
Damaged in a storm off the Norfolk Coast |
over 400 |
196 |
|
|
RMS Tayleur |
Great Britain |
21 January 1854 |
grounded and sank during its maiden voyage off Lambay Island, Dublin Bay. |
380 |
272 |
|
|
HMS Eurydice |
Great Britain |
24 March 1878 |
caught in a heavy snow storm off the Isle of Wight, capsized and sank |
376 |
2 |
|
|
HMS Victoria |
Great Britain |
22 June 1893 |
rammed by the HMS Camperdown and sunk off Tripoli in Syria |
358 |
357 |
|
|
SS Elbe |
Germany |
30 January 1895 |
Sank after a collision with the steamship Crathie in the North Sea |
334 |
20 |
|
|
HMS Athenienne |
Great Britain |
20 October 1806 |
ran aground on a submerged reef in the Strait of Sicily and sank |
347 |
141 |
|
|
SS Princess Sophia |
Canada |
23 October 1918 |
ran aground during a storm |
343 |
|
the only survivor was a pet dog |
|
SS Schiller |
Germany |
7 May 1875 |
sank after hitting the Retarrier Ledges in the Isles of Scilly |
335 |
37 |
|
|
Yoshino |
Japan |
15 May 1904 |
Sunk after colliding with the Japanese armored cruiser Kasuga in dense fog |
319 |
19 |
|
|
SS Pacific |
United States |
4 November 1875 |
collision with the SS Orpheus off the coast of Cape Flattery, Washington |
298 |
2 |
|
|
Northfleet |
Great Britain |
22 January 1873 |
While at anchor off of Dungeness, it was run down by the steamer Murillo |
293 |
|
|
|
New Era |
United States |
13 November 1854 |
grounding in a storm at Deal Beach in New Jersey |
284 |
143 |
|
|
USS Maine |
United States |
15 February 1898 |
Sank after an explosion in the ships magazine while at anchor in the harbor at Havana, Cuba |
274 |
100 |
preceded Spanish-American War |
|
12 ships sunk in Great lakes Storm of 1913 |
United States |
1913 |
a cyclonic blizzard occurred between 7 and 10 November 1913 |
255 |
|
Seven more ships were damaged beyond repair and an additional 19 ships that had been stranded were later salvaged |
|
Powhatan |
United States |
16 April 1854 |
sank off the coast of New Jersey in a severe storm with no survivors |
between 250 and 311 |
|
|
|
HMS Avenger |
Great Britain |
20 December 1847 |
Ran agound on the Sorelle rocks near Malta |
242 |
8 |
|
|
Neva |
Great Britain |
13 May 1835 |
wrecked on a reef near King Island, Tasmania |
224 |
|
a convict ship that left Cork, bound for Sydney, Australia |
|
SS Waratah |
Great Britain |
27 July 1909 |
en route from Australia to London was lost without trace off Durban on the east-coast of South Africa. |
211 |
|
|
|
Iolaire |
United Kingdom |
1 January 1919 |
hit submerged rocks in the Minch strait and sank |
at least 205 |
c. 75 |
|
|
SS Heraklion |
Greece |
8 December 1966 |
an unsecured vehicle broke through the loading door which allowed seawater to enter the ship, capsizing and sinking it in the Aegean Sea |
over 200 |
47 |
en route from the port of Souda to Piraeus in Athens |
|
Liberté |
France |
25 September 1911 |
An accidental explosion at the bow at starboard started a fire in the magazines while moored in Toulon harbour |
200 |
|
|
|
Atlantic |
United States |
20 August 1852 |
Sank after a collision with the steamer Ogdensburg off Long Point on Lake Erie |
bet. 150-200 |
300-350 |
|
|
MS Herald of Free Enterprise |
Great Britain |
6 March 1987 |
The doors to the car decks were left open by the Assistant Bosun causing the ferry to take on water and quickly capsize. It sank just minutes after leaving the harbour at the Port of Bruges-Zeebrugge |
539 |
346 |
|
|
SS Portland |
United States |
26 November 1898 |
lost on a run from Boston to Portland in "The Portland Gale" |
192 |
0 |
|
|
SS Southern Cross |
Canada |
March 31, 1914 |
Lost in a storm between 31 March and 3 April 1914 believed to be in the vicinity of Cape Pine |
173 |
0 |
|
|
SS Florizel |
Canada |
23 February 1918 |
Sunk after striking a reef at Horn Head Point Cape Race near Cappahayden, Newfoundland Canada |
173 |
|
|
|
Shiun Maru |
Japan |
11 May 1955 |
Collided in dense fog with sister ship Uko Maru in the Seto Inland Sea |
168 |
|
|
|
MS Scandinavian Star |
Denmark |
April 7, 1990 |
caught fire in 1990 on route between Norway and Denmark |
157 |
|
|
|
MV Princess of the Orient |
Philippines |
18 September 1998 |
Capsized in typhoon "Vicky" near Fortune Island in Batangas |
150 |
238 |
Survivors were floating at sea for more than 12 hours before rescuers were able to reach them |
|
SS Larchmont |
United States |
12 February 1907 |
Collided with schooner Harry knowlton and sunk off Block Island, Rhode Island |
est. 150 |
50 |
|
|
MS Express Samina |
Greece |
26 September 2000 |
hit a reef and sunk near the island of Paros |
143 |
|
82 of the 473 passengers died |
|
MV Cebu City |
Philippines |
2 December 1994 |
sunk in Manila Bay after colliding with Singaporean freighter Kota Suria |
140 |
|
|
|
Moby Prince |
Italy |
10 April 1991 |
collided with the oil tanker Agip Abruzzo in Livorno harbour and caught fire |
140 |
|
|
|
SS Wairarapa |
New Zealand |
29 October 1894 |
In heavy fog, while en route from Sydney to Auckland, ran into Great Barrier Island |
140 |
90 |
|
|
SS Noronic |
Canada |
16 September 1949 |
Caught fire dockside at Toronto Harbour |
est. 118 to 139 |
|
Most of the deaths were from suffocation or burns, from being trampled or from leaping off the upper decks onto the pier. Only one person drowned |
|
SS Koombana |
|
20 March 1912 |
sank at an unknown location north of Port Hedland, Western Australia during a cyclone |
est. 138 |
0 |
Other than some floating wreckage, no trace was ever found of the ship |
|
SS Morro Castle |
United States |
8 September 1934 |
en route from Havana to New York, the Morro Castle caught fire and burned |
137 |
412 |
|
|
SS Daphne |
Great Britain |
3 July 1883 |
capsized and sank moments after her naming and launching at a shipyard in Govan, Glasgow, Scotland |
est. 124 to 195 |
70 |
|
|
MV Princess Victoria |
United Kingdom |
31 January 1953 |
Sank in the North Channel during a severe storm |
133 |
|
|
|
SS Valencia |
United States |
22 January 1906 |
struck a reef near Pachena Point on the southwest coast of Vancouver Island and sunk |
136 |
37 men |
no women or children survived |
|
SS Kuru |
Finland |
7 September 1929 |
sank after capsizing in high winds in Lake Näsijärvi near Tampere, Finland |
136-138 |
|
|
|
HMS Ontario |
Great Britain |
31 October 1780 |
sank in a storm while underway from Fort Niagara to Oswego |
est. 130 |
|
Casualties included 60 British soldiers of the 34th (Cumberland) Regiment of Foot, a crew of about 40 Canadians and possibly up to 30 American prisoners of war |
|
SS Mohegan |
|
14 October 1898. |
Sank off the coast of the Lizard Peninsula, Cornwall after hitting The Manacles |
106 |
|
|
|
SS City of Rio De Janeiro |
|
21 February 1901 |
Sank after striking a submerged reef at the entry to San Francisco Bay while inward bound from Hong Kong. |
135 |
85 |
wreck lies in 320 feet of water just off the Golden Gate and is listed in the National Register of Historic Places |
|
TSMS Lakonia |
Greece |
22 December 1963 |
Caught fire and burned in the Atlantic Ocean |
128 |
|
Only 53 of the people were killed in the actual fire. The rest died from exposure, drowning and injuries sustained while diving overboard |
|
HMS Gladiator |
|
25 April 1908 |
During a late snowstorm off the Isle of Wight Gladiator was heading into port when she struck the outbound American steamer SS Saint Paul. |
128 |
|
|
|
SS Bokhara |
|
10 October 1892 |
sank in a typhoon off the coast of Sand Island in the Pescadores, Formosa. |
125 |
|
11 members of the Hong Kong cricket team perished (2 survived) |
|
SS Hilda |
|
19 Nov 1905 |
struck ground at the entrance to Saint-Malo harbour and sank |
125 |
6 |
|
|
SS Yongala |
Australia |
23 March 1911 |
sank off Cape Bowling Green, Australia in a cyclone |
122 |
0 |
sank without a trace |
|
SS Stella |
|
30 March 1899 |
Struck rocks and sank in 8 minutes off the Casquets, Channel Islands |
105 |
112 |
Most of the deaths were due to exposure and hypothermia in the cold sea water. |
|
USS Huron |
United States |
24 November 1877 |
wrecked in a heavy storm near Nags Head, North Carolina. |
98 |
|
|
|
Hans Hedtoft |
Denmark |
30 January 1959 |
On its maiden voyage, struck an iceberg while sailing from Greenland |
95 |
0 |
|
|
SS Yarmouth Castle |
Panama |
1965 |
fire while at sea |
90 |
|
|
|
SS Home |
United States |
7 October 1837 |
struck a sandbar off the New Jersey coast. |
90 |
|
Unaware of the extent of the damage, her captain proceeded to Charleston where she encountered the Racer's Storm. The Home started taking on water as she rounded Cape Hatteras and was put aground to ride out the developing storm. Before rescue operations could be effected the next day, the Home was torn to pieces by the surf |
|
Metropolis |
United States |
31 January 1878 |
sank off the North Carolina coast |
85 |
|
|
|
Eleanor Lancaster |
|
7 November 1856 |
wrecked in a gale on Oyster Bank, Newcastle, NSW |
|
|
All crew were rescued by a Mr.Skelton, who rowed out to them three times from the shore. The event is described in the anonymous 19th century poem The Perilous Gate. |
|
SS Penguin |
New Zealand |
12 February 1909 |
hit a rock near the entrance to Wellington harbour, sinking, then exploding when water entered her boiler room. |
75 |
30 |
|
|
HMAS Voyager |
Australia |
10 February 1964 |
rammed by the aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne, it sunk off Jervis Bay, New South Wales |
82 |
232 |
|
|
Currach Fishing tragedy |
|
11 February 1813 |
200 Currachs were fishing off Bruckless Bay, Donegal. The shoal of herring moved out to sea, followed by the fragile boats. A sudden storm capsized most of them. |
over 80 fishermen |
|
|
|
Alpena |
United States |
|
capsized and sank on Lake Michigan in the "Big Blow" storm of 15 October 1880 |
est. 80 |
|
|
|
HMS Affray |
|
16 April 1951 |
sank (unknown cause) |
75 |
|
was the last Royal Navy submarine to be lost at sea |
|
USS Frank E. Evans |
United States |
3 June 1969 |
hile operating as a plane guard for the Australian aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne during the SEATO training exercise Sea Spirit, the destroyer USS Frank E. Evans crossed the bows of the carrier and was rammed and sunk |
74 |
199 |
|
|
STV Royston Grange |
United Kingdom |
11 May 1972 |
destroyed by fire after a collision with the petroleum tanker Tien Chee in the Rio de la Plata |
72 |
0 |
|
|
HMS K5 |
British |
20 January 1921 |
sank en route to a mock battle in the Bay of Biscay. |
57 |
|
|
|
HMS M1 |
British |
1925 |
A Swedish ship, SS Vidar, struck the submerged M1 and sank her in 70 m of water. |
69 |
|
|
|
HMS Truculent |
British |
12 January 1950 |
Collided with the Swedish oil tanker Divina |
64 |
|
|
|
SS Andrea Doria |
Italy |
25 July 1956 |
approaching the coast of Nantucket, Massachusetts bound for New York City, the Andrea Doria collided with the eastward-bound MS Stockholm |
46 |
1,614 |
|
|
MV Derbyshire |
United Kingdom |
9 September 1980 |
lost south of Japan, during Typhoon Orchid |
44 |
0 |
largest UK ship ever to have been lost at sea |
|
SS Islander |
Canada |
15 August 1901 |
sank while sailing down the narrow Lynn Canal south of Juneau, after striking an iceberg that stove a large hole in her forward port quarter |
40 |
132 |
|
|
SS Edmund Fitzgerald |
United States |
10 November 1975 |
sank during a Lake Superior gale |
29 |
0 |
|
|
SS Daniel J. Morrell |
|
29 November 1966 |
broke up during a strong storm on Lake Huron |
29 |
1 |
|
|
Carl D. Bradley |
|
18 November 1958 |
sank in Lake Michigan in a storm |
33 |
|
|
|
Superior City |
|
1920 |
sank in Whitefish Bay on Lake Superior after a collision with the Willis L. King |
29 |
|
|
|
SS Dakota |
United States |
March 3 1907 |
Sank outside Yokohama harbor |
0 |
|
all of her passengers and crew survived by evacuating the ship in her lifeboats |