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Juan Bartolome "Tome" Dominguez (1596 - abt. 1659) Elena Ramirez de la Cruz (abt. 1600 - before 1661) Juan Bartolomé “Tomé” Domínguez and his wife, Elena Ramírez de Mendoza, were the parents of our ancestor, Francisco Domínguez de Mendoza [abt.1617-1681]. We know this from page 26 of Origins of New Mexico Families, Revised Edition, by Angélico Chávez. Tomé, born in Mexico, came to New Mexico from Mexico City with his grown family in the middle 1630’s. They settled on land south of Sandía Pueblo in the Río Abajo Country. The town of Tomé, New Mexico was named for Tome’s son, Tomé II. In the Spanish Archives of New Mexico is a document dated 15 December 1636, at the Pueblo de Soccorro, appointing Captain Thomé Domínguez squadron leader there. Elena, probably born in the Mexican coastal town of Vera Cruz, had a sister, Juana de la Cruz y Mendoza, who was Governor Peñalosa’s housekeeper. Juana’s son, Luis de Ulloa, was the governor’s page. The following research gives much information about Elena’s background: On August 8, 1625, Tomé Domínguez de Mendoza, merchant and citizen of the City of Mexico," and his wife, Elena de la Cruz, gave power of attorney to Francisco Franco authorizing him to go to Vera Cruz to obtain legal proof of the lineage of the said Elena de la Cruz. In Vera Cruz, August 30-September 10, a formal inquiry was made in the usual form. Six witnesses were examined who testified: (1) that Elena de la Cruz was the daughter of Benito París and Leonor Francisco, deceased citizens of Vera Cruz; (2) that her paternal grandparents were Juan Gonzáles and Isabel Gallega, former residents of Vera Cruz; (3) that her maternal grandparents were Francisco de Mendoza3 and Leonor de Grisaldos, citizens of Puerto de Santa María in Spain; and (4) that the said parents and grandparents were "old Christians," unstained by any mixture of blood with Moors, Jews, conversos, or persons who had been tried and punished by the Holy Office of the Inquisition. [Sources: B.N. Madrid, MS 19258 (photos 106-12). The original probanza consists of eight unnumbered leaves. All the essential facts are given in this summary. The name of the maternal grandfather helps to explain the fact that Elena de la Cruz was also known as Elena Ramírez de Mendoza. In testimony before the tribunal of the Holy Office, April 27, 1663, Christóbal de Anaya Almazán testified that his wife was Leonor Ramírez de Mendoza, daughter of Tomé Domínguez de Mendoza and Elena Ramírez de Mendoza. Proceso y causa criminal contra Christobal de Anaya, por proposiciones hereticas. A.G.N., Inquisición, tomo 582, exp. 2.] Elena’s family apparently came from Cádiz Province in Andalucía. The town of Puerto de Santa María is located there not far from the city of Cádiz. By far, the largest number of our Spanish ancestors came from the Andalucía region. [Andalusia in English] Tomé may have been descended from Pero Domínguez, a conquistador who arrived in Cuba in 1519 and went to Mexico with Pánfilo Narváez to defeat Hernán Cortés in Mexico on orders from Governor Velásquez of Cuba. Instead, the >troops of Narváez joined Cortéz in his conquest of Mexico. Pero was from Coimbra Province, Portugal. With Tomé born in 1576 in New Spain, it is likely that Pero was his ancestor. The name Domínguez was uncommon in New Spain in those days and only a generation or two separated Tomé from Pero. Tomé died about 1656 at about the age of sixty, although his family claimed he was ninety-six. Elena was dead by 1661. The Domínguez de Mendoza children played important roles in Seventeenth Century New Mexico history before the family almost entirely left the stage of New Mexico history. CHILDREN OF TOMÉ DOMÍNGUEZ AND ELENA RODRÍGUEZ DE MENDOZA [1] Francisco Domínguez de Mendoza, our ancestor, was born about 1617 in Mexico City. He had already married Juana de Rueda before coming to New Mexico about 1635. We are descended from their son, Antonio Domínguez de Mendoza. After the Pueblo Revolt, in 1684, Antonio tried to join his Domínguez de Mendoza family members who had escaped legally or otherwise from the El Paso exile colony, but he was denied permission to leave. Probably only Antonio’s death prevented him from leaving later and kept his widow in El Paso with her family. That is how our branch of this family remained part of the history of New Mexico. The government would have probably relented later as it had with others of the family. See their biographies elsewhere in this work. [2] Juan Bartolomé “Tomé” Mendoza II was born about 1623 in Mexico City. He was about twelve when the family emigrated to New Mexico. He was married to Catalina López Mederos about 1641. They had at least six children. He also had a relationship with an Indian woman, Ana Velásquez, while he was married, and had at least two children from her. During the 1680 Pueblo Revolt, many residents of the Río Abajo District of New Mexico fled to the home of Maestre del Campo Tomé Domínguez de Mendoza, where they were later joined by Lt. Governor Alonso García, our ancestor, leading a group of refugees. A daughter from Ana, Juana Domínguez, was the legitimate wife of our ancestor, Juan Domingo Luján. She and her children were captured during the Pueblo Revolt and kept as prisoners. Perhaps Domingo thought that they were dead at first. They were ransomed about 1692 after twelve years of captivity. By that time Domingo had taken a common-law wife, Ana María Herrera, and had children by her, one of whom is our ancestor, Francisco Xavier Herrera [abt. 1684-abt. 1755] The town of Tomé, New Mexico, emerged from Tome’s former rancho. We are not directly descended from Tome II-he is our uncle- but we are descended directly from his son-in-law Juan Domingo Luján. Tomé’s son, Tome III, died in a battle with the Pueblos in 1681. Two other sons, Juan and Diego were seriously injured by poisoned arrows. Tome II claimed to have lost thirty-eight family members in the Revolt. At Guadalupe del Paso, some citizens were considerably hostile toward Tomé II’s entire family. He was accused of moving all his hacienda goods out of New Mexico when the Revolt began in 1680, burying ploughshares and other implements on the way to lighten the wagons, when he well knew that the Santa Fe people were besieged and need of help. In 1681 the family was accused of profiteering on the misery of the exile colony. The next year, 1682, Tomé and his brother-in-law, Pedro de Cháves, got permission to depart with their families for New Spain. They never returned to New Mexico. His brother, Juan, succeeded Tomé as maese del campo.
[3] Juan Domínguez de
Mendoza was born in On page 153 of the book, Spain in the Southwest, by John L. Kessell, the author has this to say about Juan and his greedy, scheming friend, Father López The friar’s opportunistic cohort, Maestre de
Campo Juan Domínguez de Mendoza, son of old Tomé, wanted to be
[4] Elena Domínguez de
Mendoza was born in
[5] Damiana Domínguez de
Mendoza was born about 1630 in A large group of Indians was discovered on the mesas, with herds of cattle and horses, but they remained quiet looking down upon us as we marched by. Continuing our march, we came to the pueblo of San Felipe,.., where we found the pueblo deserted like the rest....We made our way along very carefully until we came to the junction near the house of Cristóbal de Anaya,... About one quarter of a league away, the house of Pedro de Cuellar was found sacked and destroyed, and a short distance farther on, the house of Captain Agustín de Carbajal was found broken into and everything taken away. In one of the rooms we found the dead bodies of Captain Agustín de Carbajal and his wife Doña Damiana Domínguez de Mendoza. An unmarried girl, a woman, and the sons of the deceased were not killed. A short distance from here we came to the house of Cristóbal de Anaya, which had been forced open and everything stolen. He together with his wife [Doña Leonor Domínguez de Mendoza, below], six sons, and other persons, numbering twelve in all, were dead, their nude bodies being found lying in the road...” [Report of Governor Antonio de Otermín, prepared by our ancestor, Francisco Xavier, Secretary of Government and War, p.16, 25, The Spanish Archives of New Mexico, Vol. II, by Ralph E. Twitchell, 1976, Arno Press, New York]
[6] Leonor Domínguez de
Mendoza [not to be confused with her niece and namesake from whom we are
descended] was born in
[7] Francisca Domínguez de
Mendoza was born in The only recorded incidents of the uprising
in
Francisco made his way to Captain Francisco de Anaya passed muster on foot; personal arms; robbed by the enemy. They killed his wife and three other persons, children, relatives, and servants. Nothing was left him but that which he has on his back. And he signed it. Francisco de Anaya In 1682 a captured Indian, when interrogated,
stated that at the time of the Revolt he had seen Francisca Domínguez’
nude body out on a field, her head bashed in, and a very small infant dead at
her feet. Her other children were
probably sold into slavery. [Origin of Francisco
was appointed sargento mayor in Guadalupe del Paso in 1684. In 1692 he led a detail of fifteen Indians to
repair the main irrigation ditch of [8] Elena Domínguez de Mendoza was born about 1644. There was an older grown sister of this same name. Nothing is known about the fate of this Elena. Many
members of the Domínguez Mendoza family may have been greedy, but due to their
great afflictions in Submitted by Donald Rivara, June 23, 2009. Copyright © Genealogy Trails All Rights Reserved with Full Rights Reserved for Original Contributor |
